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THE    PRIVATE    LIBRARY 


THE 

PRIVATE 
LIBRARY 

WHtAT  WE  DO  K^OW 

WH<iAr  JVE  DON'T  KNOW 

WH<iAr  WE  OUgHT  TO  KNOW 

tyfBOUT  0U%  BOOKS 


BY 

ARTHUR  L.   HUMPHREYS 


NEW  YORK : 
J.  W.  BOUTON,   lo  West  28th  Street. 

MDCCCXCVII 


U^Y 


sbi-^ 


PREFACE 

TT/^ITH  all  the  literature  published  on  behalf 
of  Free  Libraries — institutions  which,  after 
all,  are  of  doubtful  good — no  one  so  far  has  written 
a  book  to  assist  in  making  The  Private  Library 
combine  practical  useful  qualities  with  decorative 
effect. 

For  many  years  I  have  had  opportunities  of 
inspecting  and  reporting  upon  Collections  of  Books 
in  numerous  Country  Houses,  and  L  must  say  that 
the  condition  of  books  in  the  greater  number  of  them 
is  chaotic.  A  man  will  talk  about  all  his  possessions 
—  his  pictures,  his  objets  d'art,  his  horses,  his 
garden,  and  his  bicycle,  but  rarely  will  he  talk 
about  his  books ;  and  if  he  does  so,  all  his  geese  are 
swans,  or  just  as  often,  all  his  swans  are  geese. 
'There  are  servants  in  every  house  qualified  to  do 
everything  except  handle  a  book.  There  is  no  reason 
why  the  Library  should  not  be  just  as  much  a  place 


vi  PREFACE 

of  amusement  as  the  billiard-room^  where  the  men 
are  usually  to  be  found.  Books  are  much  more 
amusing  than  billiards^  and  you  may  learn  to  -play 
in  jest  or  work  in  earnest  with  booh  just  as  you  take 
to  any  other  amusement.  'The  whole  truth  is  that  at 
present  books  do  not  get  a  proper  share  of  attention., 
and  it  is  with  the  desire  to  remedy  such  a  condition 
of  things  that  I  have  printed  this  little  volume^  con- 
taining things  that  we  do  know,  that  we  dont  know^ 
and  that  we  ought  to  know  about  our  books. 

A.  L.  H. 

187  Piccadilly,  W. 


CONTENTS 


What  is  a  Good  Edition  ?      . 

I 

What  is  a  Fine  Copy  ? 

S 

Book  Values  . 

9 

On  the  Care  of  Books  . 

15^ 

The  Art  of  Reading 

25 

Common-place  Books 

38 

Reference  Books     . 

42 

Boudoir  Libraries  . 

46  ^ 

Bookbinding    . 

52 

Book  Hobbies 

65 

Old  Country  Libraries 

68 

Weeding  Out 

80 

The  Catalogue 

81 

Classification  of  Books  . 

87 

Bookcases 

94 

Miscellaneous  Appliances 

.       103 

The  Library  Annexe     . 

106 

A  Librarian  ... 

115 

The  Library  Architecturally 

119 

Munificent  Book-buying 

133 

The  Medici  and  their  Friends 

137 

The  Dukes  of  Urbino   . 

'44 

Pieresc   

.       149 

Mr.  Ruskin's  Advice 

•       »5o 

Index      .... 

. 

•       153 

THE 

Private  Library. 

What  is  a  Good  Edition  ? 

A  good  edition  should  be  a  complete  edition, 
ungarbled  and  unabridged.  If  the  author  is 
a  classic,  the  forinat  of  the  copy  chosen  should 
in  some  way  represent  the  style  of  the  author. 
Gibbon,  for  instance,  should  be  in  large  octavo 
or  quarto,  with  print  of  a  size  to  correspond. 
This  is  not  always  possible,  for  English  editions 
of  books  often  aim  at  mere  cheapness,  and  of 
many  great  authors  there  exist  no  good  editions. 
Thus  there  is  no  suitable  edition  of  the  classics 
printed  in  England,  as  there  is  and  for  long 
has  been  in  France.  A  good  edition  is  not 
necessarily  an  expensive  edition,  nor  is  it 
necessarily  noble  and  generous  in  print  and 
margin.      The  editions  known  as  the  'Globe' 

B 


2  The    Private    Library. 

editions  of  Pope  and  others  are  good  editions 
because  (i)  They  are  complete  ;  (2)  Each  one 
has  been  taken  in  hand  and  superintended 
by  the  most  competent  scholar  and  has 
notes  sufficient  but  not  pedantic;  (3)  Because 
they  are  well  printed  on  paper  of  fair  quality 
by  printers  who  give  wages  liberally  to  careful 
press  readers ;  (4)  Because  each  work  being 
a  work  of  the  first  or  classic  order,  it  is 
bound  in  a  simple  and  unaffected  style,  with- 
out meretricious  gold  or  tawdry  ornament. 
Now  the  '  Globe '  editions  are  fitting  in  their 
place  as  types  of  right  editions  of  the  cheap 
kind.  I  will  now  take  right  editions  of 
the  more  liberal  and  expensive  kind.  The 
*  Cambridge '  Shakespea7X,  the  last  issue,  each 
play  in  a  separate  volume,  is  right  because 
(i)  The  print,  paper,  spacing,  and  simplicity 
of  binding,  are  suited  to  the  dignity  of  the 
work ;  (2)  The  edition  has  had  brought  to  it 
fulness  of  knowledge  and  rightness  of  judg- 
ment; (3)  Each  volume  is  light  to  handle 
and  easy  to  hold,  and  flexible  in  opening. 

But  it  would  be  misleading  to  say  that 
these  are  the  only  examples  of  right  editions. 
In  other  books  which  I  might  name,  excellent 


What    is    a    Good    Edition?         3 

work  has  been  brought  to  play  which   in    the 
two  types  aheady  named  there  was  not  scope 
for.       I  would   like    therefore   to  take  another 
instance,    and    name   the    editions    of    Pope's 
Works,  edited    by   Courthope    and    Elwin,    of 
Walpole's  Letters,  edited    by    Peter    Cunning- 
ham,  and   Boswell's  Johnson,  edited   by  Birk- 
beck   Hill.      These   editions   contain   excellent 
and     workmanlike     features,     such     as     good 
arrangement   and   good    indexing,    with    notes 
and   elucidations  sufficiently  ample.     The  size 
too   of  each   volume  is   not  extravagant  as  in 
certain  editions  de  luxe.       Now  in  order   that 
we  may  have  good  editions,  there  are,  at  least, 
ten    people    who    must    work    well    together : 
(i)  the  Author,  (2)  the  Publisher,  (3)  the  Printer, 
(4)    the    Reader,  (5)  the    Compositor,  (6)  the 
Pressman,    (7)  the  Paper  Maker,   (8)  the  Ink 
Maker,  (9)  the  Bookbinder,  (10)  the  Consumer.^ 
When  these   ten    people    are    not   working    in 
harmony,  a   book   is    spoilt.      Too    often    the 
author,  without  technical    knowledge    of  book 
production,  insists  on  certain  whims  and  fancies 
of  his  own  being  carried  out.     Too  often  the 
publisher  aims  at  cheapness  and  nothing  more. 
^  Stevens'  Who  spoils  our  English  Books  ? 


4  The    Private    Library. 

The  publications  issued  by  Pickering  in  the 
•forties'  and  'fifties'  were  models  of  good  work- 
manship. Pickering  published  and  Whittingham 
printed,  and  it  was  their  custom  to  first  sit  in  con- 
sultation upon  every  new  book,  and  painfully 
hammer  out  each  in  his  own  mind  its  ideal  form 
and  proportions.  Then  two  Sundays  at  least 
were  required  to  compare  notes  in  the  little 
summer  house  in  Mr.  Whittingham's  garden 
at  Chiswick.  Here  they  would  discuss  size  and 
quality  of  paper,  the  shape  of  the  printed  page, 
the  number  of  lines,  the  size  of  the  type,  the 
form  and  comeliness  of  the  title-page.^  In  all 
technical  details  the  Edinbu7'gh  edition  of  R.  L. 
Stevenson's  works  is  satisfying.  Here  are  more 
'lines  of  beauty'  than  in  almost  any  other  modern 
printed  book.  As  we  handle  it  we  feel  satisfied 
that  it  is  right.  Perhaps  it  was  such  a  format 
that  Mr.  Ruskin  had  in  mind  when  he  shaped 
out  a  scheme  of  a  Royal  series  of  books,  which 
should  be  models  of  good  work  all  round. 
And  though  it  is  necessary  that  we  have  cheap 
editions,  and  that  books  should  circulate  every- 
where, we  want  to  save  the  book  trade  from 
shoddy  work  by  keeping  good  models  before 
1  Stevens'  Who  spoils  our  English  Books  ? 


What   is    a    Fine    Copy?  5 

us.  That  we  produce  the  best  thought  in 
the  best  form,  and  not  in  any  mean,  shabby 
dress,  ought  indeed  to  be  a  serious  aim  of 
everybody  engaged  in  the  matter. 

JVhat  is  a  Fine  Copy  F 

To  judge  of  a  fine  copy  requires  some 
years'  handling  of  books.  To  some,  the 
school  prize,  in  light  brown  calf,  represents 
an  ideal  of  book  beauty ;  to  others,  a  padded 
binding  and  round  corners.  But  these  are 
neither  beautiful  nor  in  any  way  fine  copies. 
The  school  prize  book  is  not  a  fine  copy 
(i)  Because  it  is  bound  in  a  very  perishable 
leather;  (2)  Because  its  margins  have  been 
trimmed  away  and  ploughed  into  ;  (3)  Because 
it  is  received  in  a  form  which  renders  it  im- 
possible to  stamp  one's  own  individuality  upon 
it ;  (4)  It  has  gaudy  and  meaningless  orna- 
ments stamped  down  the  back.  The  padded 
binding  is  impossible  as  a  fine  copy  because 
it  has  had  applied  to  it  a  wholly  incongruous 
method  of  preservation.  Books  require  to  be 
clothed,  but  not  to  be  upholstered.  The 
round    corners    usually    adopted    by    the    up- 


6  The    Private    Library. 

holster  binder  can  claim  no  advantage,  and 
they  rob  the  book  of  its  natural  neatness 
and  squareness  of  edge.  School  prize  bindings 
and  padded  bindings  are  sins  against  the 
sanctity  of  common  sense.  What  then  is  a 
fine  copy?  Almost,  though  not  entirely, 
essential  is  it  that  it  be  in  the  original  binding 
as  put  out  by  the  publisher,  whether  it  be  a 
paper  covering,  or  cloth,  or  boards.  The 
reason  for  this  is  that  in  securing  a  book  in 
such  a  condition  one  has  the  book  in  full 
measure,  and  there  is  no  necessity  to  undo 
anything  which  has  already  been  done.  Now, 
if  a  book  be  bought  in  a  leather  binding,  the 
chances  are  that  it  is  a  leather  binding  which 
in  no  way  suits  its  new  owner,  and  he  there- 
fore has  not  only  to  sacrifice  the  binding,  but 
in  rebinding  it  he  must  sacrifice  some  of  the 
margins  too.  The  novels  of  Scott  and  Marryat 
in  their  original  boards  are  delightful  to  handle. 
A  fine  copy  should  be  a  clean  copy  free 
from  spots.  When  a  book  is  spotted  it 
is  called  '  foxed,'  and  these  *  foxey '  books  are 
for  the  most  part  books  printed  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century,  when  paper-makers  first 
discovered  that  they  could  bleach  their  rags, 


What    is    a    Fine    Copy?  7 

and,  owing  to  the  inefficient  means  used  to  neu- 
trahse  the  bleach,  the  book  carried  the  seeds  of 
decay  in  itself,  and  when  exposed  to  any  damp 
soon  became  discoloured  with  brown  stains.^ 
A  foxed  book  cannot  have  the  fox  marks 
removed,  and  such  a  book  should  be  avoided. 
Ink  marks  can  be  removed,  and  a  name  written 
upon  a  title-page  can  generally  be  entirely  ob- 
literated without  leaving  any  sign  that  it  has  been 
there.  Here  let  me  beg  people  who  give  pre- 
sents of  books  never  to  write  upon  tide-pages,  but 
upon  the  fly-leaf.  Many  thousands  of  beautiful 
and  valuable  volumes  are  annually  ruined  for 
ever  by  their  owners  cutting  the  name  from 
the  tide.  A  cut  title-page  is  irreparable. 
A  fine  copy  may  be  a  bound  copy,  in  which 
case  the  edges  must  not  have  been  cut  down, 
though  the  top  edge  may  have  been  gilded, 
and  the  binding  must  be  appropriate  and  not 
provincial  in  appearance.  A  provincial  binding 
lacks  finish,  the  board  used  is  too  thick  or 
too  thin,  or  not  of  good  quality,  and  the 
leather  not  properly  pared  down  and  turned  in. 
All  such  things  go  to  spoil  good  books.  In 
North's  Lives  of  the  Norths  there  is  a  passage 
1  Blades'  Enemies  of  Books  (p.  25). 


8  The    Private    Library. 

which  well  describes  the  man  of  judgment  in 
books.  Dr.  John  North,  whose  life  forms 
part  of  this  work,  is  most  picturesquely- 
described  in  his  book-loving  habits.  '  He 
courted,  as  a  fond  lover,  all  best  editions, 
fairest  characters,  best  bound  and  preserved. 
If  the  subject  were  in  his  favour  (as  the 
Classics),  he  cared  not  how  many  of  them  he 
had,  even  of  the  same  edition,  if  he  thought 
it  among  the  best,  rather  better  bound,  squarer 
cut,  neater  covers,  or  some  such  qualijicatwn 
caught  him.^  And  then  his  biographer  adds, 
what  is  so  true,  and  especially  of  books,  *  Con- 
tinual use  gives  men  a  judgment  of  things  com- 
paratively, and  they  come  to  fix  on  what  is  most 
proper  and  easy,  which  no  man  upon  cursory 
view  would  determine.' 

Large  paper  copies  are  not  necessarily  fine 
copies.  When  a  cheap  trumpery  piece  of 
book-making  is  printed  on  hand-made  paper 
or  Japanese  vellum  paper  the  result  is  vul- 
garity, just  as  when  a  common  person  attempts 
to  swagger  about  in  fine  clothes.  No,  a  book 
must  show  good  binding  and  be  appropriately 
apparelled,  or  it  cannot  be  referred  to  as  a 
fine  copy.     In  the  matter  of  large  paper  copies 


Book    Values.  n 

it  is  necessar}^  to  form  a  separate  judgment 
in  each  case.  One  thing  is  certain,  that  the 
man  who  collects  large  paper  books  as  large 
paper  books  is  a  vulgarian  and  a  fool.  He 
who  collects  such  large  paper  books  as  mature 
judgment  determines  are  appropriate,  and  be- 
cause he  sees  them  to  have  genuine  points  of 
merit  over  and  above  small  paper  copies,  is  a 
book  lover.  In  a  charming  little  volume,  written 
by  an  American  bibliophile,  I  read  the  following 
passage,  confirming  in  part  the  foregoing  : — 

*  Good  editions  of  good  books,  though  they 
may  often  be  expensive,  cannot  be  too  highly 
commended.  One  can  turn  to  a  page  in 
inviting  letterpress  so  much  easier  than  to  a 
page  of  an   unattractive  volume.'^ 

Book  Values. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  tell  all  the  causes 
which  go  towards  determining  the  value  of  a 
book  and  which  cause  it  to  fluctuate  in  price. 
There  is  but  one  way  to  arrive  at  a  reliable 
knowledge  of  book  values,  and  that  is  to 
begin  stall-hunting  as  soon  as  you  leave  school 
1  Ellwanger's  Story  of  my  House,  p.  213. 


10  The    Private    Library. 

or  college  and  continue  until  past  middle  age, 
absorbing  information  from  stalls,  from  cata- 
logues, and  from  sale-rooms.  The  records 
of  prices  at  which  books  have  been  sold  in 
the  auction  rooms,  and  which  are  regularly 
issued,  are  useless  in  the  hands  of  an  inex- 
perienced person.  To  make  up  your  mind 
on  Monday  that  you  are  going  to  begin  a 
career  of  successful  bargain-hunting  and  book- 
collecting  is  only  to  be  defrauded  on  all  the 
other  five  remaining  days.  Experience  must  be 
bought,  and  an  eye  for  a  good  copy  of  a  book, 
or  for  a  bargain  of  any  kind,  only  comes  after 
years  of  practice.  I  admit  that  if  a  man 
begins  collecting  some  particular  class  of  books, 
say  Angling  books,  he  may  sooner  arrive  at 
safe  judgment  alone  ;  but  even  here  he  has 
a  pretty  wide  field  to  make  blunders  in. 
When  Gabriel  Naud^  wrote  his  pamphlet,  Avis 
pour  dresser  une  Bibliothcque^  he  laid  down 
his  first  rule  thus  : — '  The  first  means  is  to 
take  the  counsel  and  advice  of  such  as  are 
able  to  give  it  viva  voce'  This  was  written 
more  than  two  hundred  years  ago,  and  still  no 
better  advice  could  possibly  be  given  to  a 
book   collector.       By   all    means   find    a    man 


Book    Values.  ii 

whom  you  can  trust,  and  whose  knowledge  is 
ample,  and  stick  to  him.  Do  not  yourself 
bid  in  the  auction  room,  or  you  will  soon 
find  out  your  mistake.  Place  your  list  of 
wants  and  your  list  of  commissions  in  the 
hands  of  one  good  man  whom  you  have 
reason  to  trust,  and  you  will  then  get  your 
money's  worth. 

I  have  said  that  it  is  impossible  to  set  down 
all  the  causes  which  affect  the  prices  of  books, 
but  in  an  old  French  bibliographical  book, 
by  D.  Clement,^  the  subject  is  gone  into 
more  minutely  than  it  has  ever  since  been 
treated.  First,  there  are  causes  which  may  be 
classed  under  the  heading  of  Rarity.  Secondly, 
there  are  causes  which  must  be  grouped  under 
the  head  Condition, 

According  to  Clement,  there  are  two  sorts 
of  rarity  in  books ;  the  one  absolute,  the  other 
conditional  or  contingent.  There  are  rare 
editions  of  very  common  books.  There  are 
books  of  almost  common  occurrence  in  public 
libraries,  which  are  rarely  seen  in  the  market. 
A  book  or  an  edition  of  which  but  very  few 
copies  exist  is  called  *  necessarily  rare ; '  one 
^  D.  Clement,  Bibliotheque  curieuse. 


12  The    Private    Library. 

which  is  only  with  difficulty  to  be  met  with — 
however  many  copies  may  be  extant — he  calls 
*  contingently  rare.' 

Under  the  first  head  he  classes;  (t)  Books 
of  which  few  copies  were  printed;  (2)  Books 
which  have  been  suppressed  ;  (3)  Books  which 
have  been  almost  entirely  destroyed  by  casual 
fire,  or  other  accident ;  (4)  Books  of  which  a 
large  portion  of  the  impression  has  been  wasted 
— usually  for  want  of  success  when  published ;  (5) 
Volumes  of  which  the  printing  was  never  com- 
pleted; (6)  Copies  on  large  paper  or  on  vellum. 

Under  the  second  head,  he  enumerates  ;  (i) 
Books  on  subjects  which  interest  only  a  parti- 
cular class  of  students ;  (2)  Books  in  languages 
which  are  little  known  ;  (3)  Heretical,  licentious, 
and  libellous  books ;  (4)  First  editions  of  a 
classic  author  from  MS.  ;  (5)  First  productions 
of  the  printing  press  in  a  particular  town  ;  (6) 
The  productions  of  the  celebrated  printers 
of  the  sixteenth  century;  (7)  Books  in  the 
vernacular  language  of  an  author  who  printed 
them  in  a  foreign  country  ;  (8)  Books  privately 
printed  ;  (9)  Works,  the  various  parts  of  which 
have  been  published  under  different  titles,  in 
different  sizes,  or  in  various  places. 


Book    Values.  13 

Clement  then  analyses  the  degrees  of  rarity 
thus  :  (i)  Every  book,  which  is  no  longer  current 
in  the  trade,  and  requires  some  pains  in  the  search 
for  it,  is  '  of  infrequent  occurrence  ;'  (2)  If  there 
are  but  few  copies  in  the  country  in  which  we 
live,  and  those  not  easily  met  with,  it  is  '  rare ; ' 
(3)  If  the  copies  are  so  dispersed  that  there  are 
but  few  of  them,  even  in  the  neighbouring 
countries,  so  that  there  is  increased  difficulty  to 
procure  them,  it  is  'very  rare;'  (4)  If  the 
number  of  copies  be  but  fifty  or  sixty,  and  those 
scattered,  it  is  'extremely  rare;'  (5)  And 
finally,  every  work  of  which  there  are  not  ten 
copies  in  the  world  is  'excessively  rare.'  In  all 
these  cases,  it  must  be  supposed  that  the  book 
is  a  book  sought  for,  and  that  the  seekers  are 
more  numerous  than  the  sought.^ 

In  the  matter  of  Condition  and  its  effect 
upon  price,  long  training  is  required  before  all 
the  qualities  of  a  copy  can  be  properly  defined. 
There  are  copies  on  'vellum,'  'large  paper,'  '•fine 
paper,'  'coloured  paper.'  There  are  'crisp'  c  jpies, 
'  uncut '  copies,  '  tall '  copies,  '  ruled  '  copies, 
and  '  illustrated '  copies,  cum  rmdtis  alii^sr- 

^  Edwards,  Memoirs  of  Libraries^  ii.  647-649. 
2  Edwards,  ii.  659. 


14  The    Private    Library. 

Fashion  determines  much  as  to  price.  As 
soon  as  it  becomes  a  fad  to  collect  books  re- 
lating to  some  particular  subject,  competition 
instantly  steps  in,  and  prices  go  up.  It  may  be 
well  to  state,  for  the  benefit  of  a  very  numerous 
and  uninitiated  public,  that,  because  a  book 
is  old,  it  is  not  necessarily  7'are.  There  are 
many  thousands  of  people  who  have  most 
imperfect  and  valueless  books,  mostly  on 
theology,  or  some  controversial  abominations, 
and  these  people  spend  days  wasting  their 
own  and  booksellers'  time  in  seeking  to 
sell  at  prices  which  their  own  imagination 
alone  has  determined  is  right.  Distrust 
the  advertisements  of  large  paper  editions. 
Vc^y  few  of  them  are  worth  purchasing, 
and  very  few,  indeed,  increase  in  value. 
Fight  against  the  first-edition  craze,  which 
is  the  maddest  craze  that  ever  affected  book 
collecting.  Again  and  again  it  must  be  re- 
peated, and  cannot  be  gainsaid,  that  a  first 
editioi'  may  be  the  best,  but  in  most  cases  it  is 
the  worst.  In  every  case,  inquire  and  find 
out  which  is  the  best  edition  as  to  complete- 
ness, good  paper  and  print,  and  safe  editing, 
if  such   has  been  necessary,  and  then  purchase 


On    the    Care    of   Books.  15 

a  copy  of  that  edition.  One  remark  finally. 
The  prices  of  all  good  books  are  going  up, 
and  any  one  who  lays  out  money  with  care 
within  the  next  ten  years  will  have  the  en- 
joyment of  his  library  and  a  good  investment 
as  well. 

On  the  Care  of  Books, 

The  two  things  most  neglected  in  houses 
are  the  trimming  of  lamps  and  the  care  of 
the  books.  The  condition  of  many  libraries 
in  large  country  houses  is  most  lamentable. 
In  such  neglect  are  they  that  it  would  take 
months,  and  in  some  cases  years,  working  day 
and  night,  to  restore  them  to  a  healthy  con- 
dition. For,  poor  things  !  they  are  really  so 
neglected,  that  their  covers  become  like  the 
limbs  of  rheumatic  people.  If  you  touch  them 
they  seem  to  shriek  and  cry  with  pain.  They 
are  either  parched  for  lack  of  a  proper  atmo- 
sphere, or  else  they  are  sticking  together  with 
the  damp  or  thickly  covered  with  dust.^  There 
is  nothing  else  in  a  house  like  this,  and  why 
are  these  things  so  .?  It  is  because  there  are 
^  Leighton  (John),  Book-plate  Annual. 


i6  The    Private   Library. 

so  few  people  who  understand  the  care  of 
books.  I  once  read  the  following  in  a  daily- 
paper,  and  thought  I  recognised  in  it  a  familiar 
hand,  that  of  Mr.  Andrew  Lang  : — 

*  The  foes  of  books  are  careless  people — 
first  of  all.  They  tear  pages  open  with  their 
thumbs,  or  cut  them  with  sharp  knives  which 
damage  the  margins.  It  is  so  difficult  to  keep 
paper  knives,  and  ivory  paper  knives  are 
the  favourite  pasture  of  some  scholars,  who 
bite  the  edges  till  the  weapon  resembles  a 
dissipated  saw.  To  avoid  this  temptation 
some  employ  mediaeval  daggers,  or  skene  dhus, 
but  the  edges  spoil  a  book.  Cigarette  ashes 
are  very  bad  for  books,  so  is  butter,  also  mar- 
malade. Dr.  Johnson  and  Wordsworth  are 
said  to  have  been  very  careless  with  their 
books.  Dr.  Johnson  used  to  clean  his  from 
dust  by  knocking  them  together,  as  Mr. 
Leighton  says  housemaids  do.  Scott  was 
very  careful ;  he  had  a  number  of  wooden 
dummies  made,  and,  when  a  volume  was  bor- 
rowed, he  put  the  dummy  in  its  place  on  the 
shelf,  inscribing  it  with  the  name  of  the  bor- 
rower. He  also  defended  his  shelves  with 
locked  brazen  wires.     "  Tutus  clausus  ero  "  ("I 


On    the    Care    of  Books.  17 

shall  be  safe  if  shut  up  "),  his  anagram,  was  his 
motto,  under  a  portcullis.  Borrowers,  of 
course,  are  nearly  the  worst  enemies  of  books, 
always  careless,  and  very  apt  to  lose  one 
volume  out  of  a  set.  Housemaids  are  seldom 
bibliophiles.  Their  favourite  plan  is  to  dust 
the  books  in  the  owner's  absence,  and  then 
rearrange  them  on  fancy  principles,  mostly 
upside  down.  One  volume  of  Grote  will  be 
put  among  French  novels,  another  in  the 
centre  of  a  collection  on  sports,  a  third  in  the 
midst  of  modern  histories,  while  others  are 
"  upstairs  and  downstairs,  and  in  my  lady's 
chamber."  The  diversity  of  sizes,  from  folio 
to  duodecimo,  makes  books  very  difficult  to 
arrange  where  room  is  scanty.  Modern 
shelves  in  most  private  houses  allow  no  room 
for  folios,  which  have  to  lie,  like  fallen  war- 
riors, on  their  sides.' 

All  that  is  very  true,  particularly  about 
housemaids.  Indeed,  I  have  rarely  found  any 
woman  who  cared  sufficiently  for  her  books 
to  really  fondly  tend  them. 

The  principal  enemy  which  books  have 
is  Damp.  This  means  ruination,  more 
perhaps    to    the    paper    than   to    the    binding. 

c 


i8  The    Private    Library. 

though  both  suffer.  A  fungus  growth  comes 
on  the  leather,  and  inside  there  come  stains  and 
*fox'  marks.  Damp  is  caused  (i)  through 
lack  of  fires  or  warmth  ;  (2)  through  too  many 
sides  of  a  room  being  exposed  to  the  elements 
without  having  the  walls  battened ;  (3)  the 
thaw  following  a  frost,  proper  means  for 
warmth  not  being  adopted  during  the  frost. 
The  only  remedy  for  damp  is  the  trying 
process  of  opening  each  volume  and  sus- 
pending it  open,  after  wiping  with  a  dry  cloth 
each  page  affected.  The  next  worst  enemies 
are  gas  and  heat. 

Gas  alone,  provided  the  books  are  not 
placed  high  up,  will  not  be  nearly  so  de- 
structive as  it  is  generally  supposed  ;  but  all 
atmospheres  heated  too  highly  are  destruc- 
tive. Mr.  Poole,  a  very  experienced  American 
librarian,  has  reported  as  follows,  and,  I  think, 
very  rightly  : — 

'  The  burning  of  many  gas  lights  doubtless 
has  a  tendency  to  increase  the  evil  by  in- 
creasing the  heat.  Yet  the  deterioration  of 
bindings  goes  on  in  the  libraries  where  gas 
is  never  used.  This  fact  shows  that  the 
chief  injury  arises  from  heat,  and  not  merely 


On    the    Care    of  Books.  19 

from  the  sulphurous  residuum  of  gas  com- 
bustion.' 

Mr.  Poole  made  an  experiment  in  the 
upper  gallery  of  a  library,   and   found  that — 

'  While  the  temperature  of  the  floor  was 
65°  Fahr.,  that  of  the  upper  gallery  was  found 
to  be  142°.  Such  a  temperature  dries  up  the 
oil  of  the  leather,  and  burns  out  its  life.  Books 
cannot  live  where  men  cannot  live.'  Similarly, 
Mr.  Blades  wrote  in  his  little  manual : 

'  The  surest  way  to  preserve  your  books 
is  to  treat  them  as  you  would  your  own 
children,  who  are  sure  to  sicken  if  confined  in 
an  atmosphere  which  is  impure,  too  hot,  too 
cold,  too  damp,  or  too  dry.  It  is  just  the 
same  with  the  progeny  of  literature.' 

In  London  particularly  dust,  smoke,  and 
soot  get  at  books  and  do  great  damage.  To 
have  the  top  edges  gilded  is  an  excellent  way 
to  prevent  dust  getting  into  the  leaves.  Books 
which  have  roughly  trimmed  tops  harbour  dust 
much  more  readily,  and  it  is  with  great  difficulty 
removed  from  such.  If  a  book  is  very  dusty, 
a  small  brush  is  perhaps  the  best  means 
to  adopt  to  remove  the  offending  particles. 
Books  should   not   be   either   swung   together 


20  The    Private    Library. 

or  beaten  together.  The  carpet  in  a  library 
should  not  reach  to  the  wall,  or  right  to  the 
cases,  but  should  fall  short  so  as  to  be  removed 
when  required  to  be  cleaned.  A  librarian  at 
Bath  gives  the  following  advice  : — 

'  Our  books  are  taken  down  once  a  year,  in 
the  month  of  August,  to  be  dusted,  and,  for  the 
last  four  or  five  years,  I  have  adopted  a  simple 
plan.  When  the  books  are  well  dusted  I  take 
about  half  an  ounce  of  the  best  horn  glue, 
and,  having  dissolved  it  in  the  usual  way,  I 
add  to  it  about  a  pint  of  warm  water  and  a 
teaspoonful  of  glycerine,  and  stir  it  well.  Then 
dipping  a  soft  sponge  into  the  solution,  I  wash 
over  the  backs  of  the  books.  If  the  leather 
is  much  perished  or  decayed,  it  will  unduly 
absorb  the  size,  and  a  second  touch  over  may 
be  necessary.  The  glycerine  will  have  the 
effect  of  preventing  the  glue  from  drying  too 
hard  or  stiffening  the  leather.  When  dry,  the 
books  may  be  rubbed  over  with  a  chamois 
leather.  The  above  process,  I  find,  helps  to 
nourish  the  leather,  and  to  restore  that  pro- 
perty which  the  heated  air  has  destroyed.  It 
also  freshens  up  and  greatly  improves  the 
appearance  of  the  volumes  upon  the  shelves. 


On    the    Care    of  Books.  21 

The  operation  must  be  repeated  once  a  year 
at  least' 

Bottles  of  preparation  are  sold  ready  made 
up  for  this  purpose.  Mr.  Blades  warmly  echoed 
the  sentiment  that  housemaids  and  helps  are 
seldom  bibliophiles,  and,  if,  peradventure,  one 
Eve  in  a  family  can  be  indoctrinated  with 
book  reverence,  there  may  be  salvation  for  all 
the  books.  Mr.  Blades  himself  had  a  fine 
library,  and  goes  fully  into  the  subject  of  the 
period  of  dusting  and  its  methods.^ 

*  Books  must  now  and  then  be  taken  down 
out  of  their  shelves,  but  they  should  be  tended 
lovingly  and  with  judgment.  If  the  dusting 
can  be  done  just  outside  the  room,  so  much 
the  better.  The  books  removed,  the  shelf 
should  be  lifted  quite  out  of  its  bearings, 
cleansed,  and  wiped,  and  then  each  volume 
should  be  taken  separately  and  gently  rubbed  on 
back  and  edges  with  a  soft  cloth.  In  return- 
ing the  volumes  to  their  places,  notice  should 
be  taken  of  the  binding,  and  especially  when 
the  books  are  in  whole  calf  or  morocco,  care 
should  be  taken  not  to  let  them  rub  together. 
The  best-bound  books  are  soonest  injured,  and 
^  Enemies  of  Books. 


22  The    Private    Library. 

generally  deteriorate  in  bad  company.  Certain 
volumes,  indeed,  have  evil  tempers,  and  will 
scratch  the  faces  of  all  their  neighbours  who 
are  too  familiar  with  them.  Such  are  books 
with  metal  clasps  and  rivets  on  their  edges ; 
and  such,  again,  are  those  abominable  old 
rascals,  chiefly  born  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
who  are  proud  of  being  dressed  in  real  boards 
with  brass  corners,  and  pass   their  lives  with 

fearful  knobs  and  metal  bosses When 

your  books  are  being  dusted,  don't  impute  too 
much  common  sense  to  your  assistants — take 
their  ignorance  for  granted.' 

Mr.  Blades  then  points  out  certain  dangers 
which  beset  the  inexperienced  handler  of  books. 
Never  lift  a  book  by  one  of  its  corners.  Do 
not  pile  books  up  too  high.  Be  careful  not  to 
rub  the  dust  into  instead  of  off  the  edges.  If 
mildew  or  damp  is  discovered,  carefully  wipe  it 
away,  and  let  the  book  stand  open  for  some 
days  in  a  very  dry  spot — but  not  in  front  of  a 
fire.  Be  careful  that  no  grit  is  on  the  duster, 
or  it  will  surely  mark  your  books.  Do  not 
wedge  books  in  too  tightly.  Common-sense 
must  dictate  what  is  right,  but  every  volume 
should  yf/  easily  in  its  place. 


On    the    Care    of  Books.  23 

Children  and  servants  are  not  to  be  classed 
as  friendly  to  books,  but  little  lapses  on  their 
part  are  much  more  easily  tolerated  than  the  ig- 
norance of  the  person  who  ought  to  know  better. 
Such  people  insist  upon  having  their  books 
bound  in  hideous  bindings,  and  mutilated  almost 
beyond  recognition  by  the  bookbinder's  plough. 

I  will  talk  about  bookbinding  later,  but  this 
I  will  say,  that  in  no  way  can  a  book  be  easier 
ruined  than  by  being  placed  unconditionally 
in  the  hands  of  a  bookbinder. 

It  is  frequently  supposed  that  the  insect, 
known  as  the  bookworm,  is  a  great  enemy  to 
books.  'Tis  true  where  the  bookworm  exists 
it  does  irreparable  damage,  but  fortunately  it 
is  not  an  insect  which  may  be  found  every 
day.  In  America,  they  have,  I  believe,  greater 
trouble  from  these  boring  insects.  They  have 
'fish  bugs,'  'silver  fish,'  and  '  bustle  tails,' scien- 
tifically known  as  Lepisma  Saccharina.  Another 
is  known  as  '  Buffalo  Bug,'  or  '  Carpet  Bug,'  or 
the  Antkrenus  varius  of  scientists.  A  third  is 
Blatta  Australasia,  a  species  of  cockroach. 

The  following  maxims  may  be  learned  by 
heart,  or  if  preferred,  they  can  be  bought  by 
experience : 


24  The    Private    Library. 

Do  not  bite  your  paper  knife  until  it  has  the 
edge  of  a  saw. 

Do  not  cut  books  except  with  a  proper  ivory 
paper  knife. 

It  is  ruination  to  a  good  book  not  to  cut  it 
right  through  into  the  corners. 

Do  not  turn  the  leaves  of  books  down. 
Particularly,  do  not  turn  down  the  leaves  of 
books  printed  on  plate  paper. 

If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  lending  books,  do 
not  mark  them.  These  two  habits  together 
constitute  an  act  of  indiscretion. 

It  is  better  to  give  a  book  than  to  lend  it. 

Never  write  upon  a  title-page  or  half-title. 
The  blank  fly-leaf  is  the  right  place. 

Books  are  neither  card-racks,  crumb-baskets, 
or  receptacles  for  dead  leaves. 

Books  were  not  meant  as  cushions,  nor  were 
they  meant  to  be  toasted  before  a  fire. 

Valets  and  maids  appear  to  take  kindly  to 
the  packing  of  everything  except  books.  I 
will  therefore  say  that  only  small  quantities 
(twelve  volumes  to  twenty)  should  be  packed 
in  a  parcel.  Boxes,  either  wine-cases,  or 
boxes  specially  made,  should  be  used.  Books 
being     very     solid     and     heavy     should      be 


The    Art   of   Reading.  25 

packed  in  strong  cases,  and  the  method 
of  packing  them  should  be  to  place  them 
upright  alternately  on  back  and  edge  in 
layers.  By  this  means  they  can  be  fitted 
tightly  to  the  case  they  are  meant  to  travel 
in.  Leather  bound  volumes  should  be  wrapped 
up  singly  before  being  packed,  and  the  box 
should  be  carefully  lined  with  paper  so  that  any 
roughness  on  the  wood  of  the  box  may  not 
damage  the  volumes. 

Book  and  parcel  post  volumes  should  have 
three  or  four  thicknesses  of  paper,  and  if  bound 
volumes  a  strawboard  on  either  side  as  well  as 
paper. 

The  Art  of  Reading, 

First,  how  to  read.  The  reason  why 
so  many  people  who  read  much  know 
so  little,  is  because  they  read  isolated  books 
instead  of  reading  one  book  in  connexion 
with  another.  The  memory  is  trained  by 
association,  and  if  you  read  two  books 
in  succession  on  one  subject  you  know 
more  than  twice  as  much  as  if  you  had 
read   one   book   only.     A  good  memory  is  a 


26  The    Private    Library. 

memory  which  assimilates.  Every  one  has  a 
good  memory  for  something.  A  good  memory 
rejects  and  sifts,  and  does  not  accept  every- 
thing offered  to  it  Hke  a  pillar-box.  Do  not 
join  reading  societies,  because  they  kill  indi- 
viduality. Choose  your  subject,  and  work  all 
round  it.  There  is  an  extensive  literature  on 
the  subject  of  '  The  Art  of  Reading,'  '  The 
Best  Hundred  Books,'  &c.  Most  of  it  is  use- 
less and  bewildering.  The  best  advice  I 
have  ever  seen  in  print  about  reading  was  by 
Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  and  it  appeared  some 
years  ago  at  the  end  of  a  Nineteenth  Century 
article.     It  is  as  follows: 

'  If  any  young  person  of  leisure  were  so 
much  at  a  loss  as  to  ask  advice  as  to 
what  he  should  read,  mine  should  be  exceed- 
ingly simple  —  Read  a7iything  bearing  on  a 
definite  object.  Let  him  take  up  any  imagin- 
able subject  to  which  he  feels  attracted,  be 
it  the  precession  of  the  equinoxes  or  postage 
stamps,  the  Athenian  drama  or  London  street 
cries ;  let  him  follow  it  from  book  to  book, 
and  unconsciously  his  knowledge,  not  of  that 
subject  only,  but  of  many  subjects,  will  be 
increased,  for  the  departments  of  the  realm  of 


The    Art    of   Reading.  27 

knowledge  are  divided  by  no  octroi.  He  may 
abandon  the  first  object  of  his  pursuit  for 
another ;  it  does  not  matter,  one  subject  leads 
to  another ;  he  will  have  acquired  the  habit  of 
acquisition ;  he  will  have  gained  that  con- 
viction of  the  pricelessness  of  time  which 
makes  it  intolerable  for  a  man  to  lie  abed  of 
a  morning.' 

The  art  of  reading  is  a  thing  to  learn, 
and  with  it  comes  the  equally  valuable  art  of 
skipping. 

Mr.  Balfour's  advice  to  readers  is  to  learn 
the  arts  of  skipping  and  skimming,  and  the 
late  Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton  said : — *  The 
art  of  reading  is  to  skip  judiciously.  The  art 
is  to  skip  all  that  does  not  concern  us,  whilst 
missing  nothing  that  we  really  need.  No 
external  guidance  can  teach  this ;  for  nobody 
but  ourselves  can  guess  what  the  needs  of  our 
intellect  may  be.' 

No  one  knows  how  to  skim  and  skip  who 
has  not  first  well  threshed  out  some  subject 
for  himself.  No  one  can  tear  the  heart  out 
of  a  book  who  has  not  first  been  through  the 
student  period.  Advice  is  poured  forth  in 
lengthy    magazine    articles,    and    lectures,    but 


28  The    Private    Library. 

as  far  as  I  know  there  is  nothing  which 
embodies  such  good  sense  on  this  subject, 
excepting  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell's  advice  above, 
as  a  tiny  pamphlet,  about  two  inches  square, 
written  by  Miss  Lucy  Soulsby,  and  sold  for 
twopence.  It  is  rather  absurdly  called  Things 
in  Books  Clotfmtg ! 

Below  are  printed  only  such  passages, 
gathered  from  many  sources,  as  I  think  are 
necessary  to  be  known  about  the  art  of  reading. 

*  It  is  true  that  the  most  absolute  master  of 
his  own  hours  still  needs  thrift  if  he  would  turn 
them  to  account,  and  that  too  many  never  learn 

this   thrift,   whilst    others  learn  it  late 

Few  intellectual  men  have  the  art  of  econo- 
mising the  hours  of  study.  The  very  neces- 
sity which  every  one  acknowledges  of  giving 
vast  portions  of  life  to  attain  proficiency  in 
anything,  makes  us  prodigal  where  we  ought 
to  be  parsimonious,  and  careless  where  we 
have  need  of  unceasing  vigilance.  The  best 
time-savers  are  a  love  of  soundness  in  all  we 
learn  or  do,  and  a  cheerful  acceptance  of 
inevitable  limitations.'^ 

*  In  exchange  for  the  varied  pleasures  of  the 

1  P.  G.  Hamerton. 


The    Art    of   Reading.  29 

fashionable  life,  the  intellectual  life  can  offer 
you  but  one  satisfaction,  for  all  its  promises  are 
reducible  simply  to  this,  that  you  shall  come  at 
last,  after  infinite  labour,  into  contact  with  some 
great  reality ;  that  you  shall  know  and  do  in 
such  sort  that  you  will  feel  yourself  on  firm 
ground,  and  be  recognised — probably  not  much 
applauded,  but  yet  recognised — as  a  fellow- 
labourer  by  other  knowers  and  doers.  Before 
you  come  to  this,  most  of  your  present  ac- 
complishments will  be  abandoned  by  yourself 
as  unsatisfactory  and  insufficient,  but  one  or 
two  of  them  will  be  turned  to  better  account, 
and  will  give  you,  after  many  years,  a  tranquil 
self-respect,  and,  what  is  still  rarer  and  better, 
a  very  deep  and  earnest  reverence  for  the 
greatness  which  is  above  you.  Severed  from 
the  vanities  of  the  illusory,  you  will  live  with 
the  realities  of  knowledge  as  one  who  has 
quitted  the  painted  scenery  of  the  theatre  to 
listen  by  the  eternal  ocean  or  gaze  at  the 
granite  hills.' ^ 

'  Reading,  with  me,  incites  to  reflection  in- 
stantly.    I   cannot  separate   the  origination   of 
ideas  from  the  reception  of  ideas.     The  conse- 
1  P.  G.  Hamerton. 


3©  The    Private    Library. 

quence  is,  as  I  read  I  always  begin  to  think  in 
various  directions,  and  that  makes  my  reading 
slow.'  ^ 

*  When  a  particular  object  has  to  be  attained, 
reading  cannot  be  too  special.  There  is  an 
enormous  waste  of  intelligence  through  a 
neglect  of  this  fact,  but  otherwise  reading 
should  "  come  by  nature."  When  I  look 
through  the  list  of  The  Best  Hundred  Books, 
I  cannot  help  saying  to  myself,  "  Here  are  the 
most  admirable  and  varied  materials  for  the 
formation  of  a  prig."  '  ^ 

*  Let  us  not  be  afraid  of  using  a  dictionary. 
A  dictionary  ?  A  dozen  ;  at  all  events,  until 
Dr.  Murray's  huge  undertaking  is  finished. 
And  even  then,  for  no  one  dictionary  will  help 
us  through  some  authors — say,  Chaucer,  or 
Spenser,  or  Sir  Thomas  Browne.  Let  us  use 
our  full  lexicon,  and  Latin  dictionary,  and 
French  dictionary,  and  Anglo-Saxon  dictionary, 
and  etymological  dictionary,  and  dictionaries  of 
antiquity,  and  biography,  and  geography,  and 
concordances,  anything  and  everything  that 
will  throw  light  on  the  meanings  and  histories  of 

words.  ^ 

1  H.  W.  Beecher.  ^  James  Payn. 

2  Blackwood's  Magazine,  February,  1896. 


The    Art    of   Reading.  31 

*  To  master  a  book,  perhaps  the  best  pos- 
sible way  is  to  write  an  essay  in  refutation  of 
it.  You  may  be  bound  few  things  will  escape 
you  then.  The  next  best  way  may  perhaps  be 
to  edit  and  annotate  it  for  students,  though,  it 
some  recent  hebdomadal  animadversions  upon 
certain  Oxford  styles  of  annotation  are  well 
founded,  this  is  questionable.  The  worst  way, 
I  should  think,  would  be  to  review  it  for  a 
newspaper.'^ 

*  Reading,  and  much  reading,  is  good.  But 
the  power  of  diversifying  the  matter  infinitely 
in  your  own  mind,  and  of  applying  it  to  every 
occasion  that  arises  is  far  better.' ^ 

*  A  person  once  told  me  that  he  never 
took  up  a  book  except  with  the  view  of 
making  himself  master  of  some  subject 
which  he  was  studying,  and  that  while  he 
was  so  engaged  he  made  all  his  reading  con- 
verge to  that  point.  In  this  way  he  might 
read  parts  of  many  books,  but  not  a  single  one 
from  "end  to  end."  This  I  take  to  be  an 
excellent  method  of  study,  but  one  which 
implies  the  command  of  many  books.' ^ 

1  Blackwood's  Magazine,  February,  1896. 

2  Burke.  3  Thirlwall. 


32  The    Private    Library. 

'  Never  read  a  book  without  pencil  in  hand. 
If  you  dislike  disfiguring  the  margins  and  fly- 
leaves of  your  own  books,  borrow  a  friend's ; 
but  by  all  means  use  a  pencil,  if  only  to  jot 
down  the  pages  to  be  re-read.  To  transcribe 
striking,  beautiful,  or  important  passages  is  a 
tremendous  aid  to  the  memory ;  these  will  live 
for  years,  clear  and  vivid  as  day,  when  the 
book  itself  has  become  spectral  and  shadowy 
in  the  night  of  oblivion.  A  manuscript  volume 
of  such  passages,  well  indexed,  will  become  in 
time  one  of  the  most  valuable  books  in  one's 
library.'^ 

*  No  man,  it  appears  to  me,  can  tell  another 
what  he  ought  to  read.  A  man's  reading,  to 
be  of  any  value,  must  depend  upon  his  power 
of  association,  and  that  again  depends  upon  his 
tendencies,  his  capacities,  his  surroundings,  and 
his  opportunities.' 2 

I  am  fully  convinced  that  the  above  pas- 
sages condense  all  that  is  best  worth  knowing 
upon  the  *  Art  of  Reading.' 

Next   in  importance  is  what  to   read.     Be 

^  Blacktvood's  Magazine,  February,  1896. 
2  J.  S.  Blackie. 


The    Art    of   Reading.  33 

very  careful  about  reading  books  which  are 
recommended,  because  they  are  books  of  the 
hour.  Fools  step  in  and  say  read  this  and  that 
without  thinking  to  put  themselves  in  your 
place.  Because  a  book  suits  one  person,  it  is 
only  a  rare  chance  that  it  will  suit  a  friend 
equally. 

Before  recommending  a  book  to  another 
with  assurance,  you  must  know  the  book  well, 
and  the  friend  to  whom  it  is  recommended 
you  must  know  much  better.  Read  the  book 
which  suggests  something  responsive  and 
sympathetic.  No  one  can  tell  you  this  as 
well  as  you  can  find  it  for  yourself.  Practice 
will  teach  you  to  choose  a  book,  as  practice  has 
taught  you  to  choose  a  friend.  You  will  almost 
be  able  to  choose  it  in  the  dark.  There  are 
affinities  for  books  as  for  people,  but  this  does 
not  come  at  once. 

The  proper  appreciation  of  the  great  books 
of  the  world  is  the  reward  of  lifelong  study. 
You  must  work  up  to  them,  and  unconsciously 
you  will  become  trained  to  find  great  qualities 
in  what  the  world  has  decided  is  great.  Novel 
reading  is  not  a  part  of  the  intellectual  life,  it  is 
a  part  of  the  fashionable  life. 

D 


34  The    Private    Library. 

Lamb  says  that  Bridget  Elia  '  was  tumbled 
early,  by  accident  or  design,  into  a  spacious 
library  of  good  old  English  reading,  without 
much  selection  or  prohibition,  and  browsed  at 
will  upon  that  fair  and  wholesome  pasturage.' 
And  he  adds,  '  Had  I  twenty  girls  they  should 
be  brought  up  exactly  in  this  fashion.' 

Ruskin  says,  '  there  need  be  no  choosing  at 
all.  Keep  the  modern  magazine  and  novel  out 
of  your  girl's  way ;  turn  her  loose  into  the 
old  library  every  wet  day,  and  let  her  alone. 
She  will  find  out  what  is  good  for  her.' 

Mr.  Ruskin  notwithstanding,  there  will  ever 
be  a  large  public  who  will  read  nothing  unless 
it  has  a  story  in  it. 

Nearly  all  readers  of  books  may  be  divided 
into  two  classes,  those  who  read  as  students 
towards  some  definite  end,  and  those  who  read 
for  amusement.  The  latter  class  are  greatly 
in  the  majority,  and  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying  that  a  love  of  fiction  will  always  pre- 
dominate over  a  love  of  research,  even  in  its 
light  form.  The  student  class,  among  whom 
are  many  critics,  usually  fail  to  understand  the 
position  of  the  fiction  lovers,  with  the  result 
that  the  fiction  readers  and  fiction  itself  get  a 


The    Art    of  Reading.  35 

great  many  jibes  and  taunts.      To  open  this 
question  would   involve  a  long  argument,  and 
would  bring  about  no  good.      All  experience 
goes  to  prove  that  a  very  large  section  of  the 
public,  not  being  students,   loves    to  read  the 
books  of  the  hour,  and  great  pleasure  may  be 
got  therefrom.     The  smaller  section,  trained  to 
different  habits,  and  regarding  books  in  a  more 
serious  light,  put  their  collection  of  books  to 
different    purposes,    and,    I     know,   get    great 
pleasure  therefrom.     The  two  classes  can  run 
parallel    together,    and    one    class    should    not 
try   to    exterminate   the   other.i      In    country 
houses  the  books  in  billiard-rooms  and  in  the 
bedrooms  should  appropriately  be  fiction.     Not 
many  guests  at  a  house-party  are  in  the  frame 
of  mind    to    take   up   serious  books,    nor   are 
there  the   opportunities   given   for   application 
which  such  would  require.      I  think  where  the 
general  house  library  is   (as  is  very  often  the 
case)  not  a  living  room,  there  is  then  much  more 
reason  for  separating  fiction  and  light  literature, 
and  placing  them  in  a  very  accessible  position. 
It  will  often  be  found  advisable,  as  fiction  accu- 
mulates, to  weed  out  and  decide  what  volumes 
1  H.  D.  Traill. 


36  The    Private    Library. 

shall  be  bound  and  what  rejected  or  placed  in 
the  servants'  library.  Shelves  should  there- 
fore be  reserved  for  books  which  are  thus 
going  through  a  period  of  probation.^ 

A  fiction  library  may  be  made  very  in- 
teresting if  it  is  so  arranged  as  to  represent 
the  history  of  France  or  of  England,  or  any 
country.  From  the  boundless  stores  of  fiction 
writers — in  fact,  from  Scott  alone  almost — a 
sequence  of  volumes  may  be  arranged  which, 
if  read  in  proper  order,  would  make  a  very 
excellent  romance  history.  Almost  every  in- 
teresting episode  of  history  has  had  its  story 
woven  into  romance.  Thus  there  are,  I  believe, 
about  eighteen  historical  romances  relating  to 
the  Monmouth  rebellion  alone. 

'  Much  of  love,'  said  Lord  Bowen,  'has  only 

been    learned   under    the    instruction   of   some 

woman  who  has  herself  only  learned  it  from  a 

book.      Authoresses,  indeed,   have   not   unfre- 

quently  betrayed  the  key  to  some  of  their  sex's 

secrets.    Were  it  not  for  Northanger  Abbey  and 

Miss  Austen,  some  of  the  old  mysteries  of  girlish 

friendship  would  have  remained  untold,  and  we 

1  See  Mr.  Gladstone's  ideas  on  the  subject,  in  Gladstone 
in  the  Evening  of  his  Days,  p.  145. 


The    Art    of   Reading.  37 

should  never  have  known  or  understood  the 
curiosity  which  may  lurk  in  a  refined  bosom  at 
seventeen,  Man  would  scarcely  have  guessed 
but  for  Jane  Eyre  the  impression  which  can  be 
made,  it  seems,  upon  a  heart  by  a  middle-aged 
gentleman  with  the  manners  of  a  bear  and  the 
composure  of  a  prig.  Furthermore,  it  is 
through  women's  novels  that  we  have  had 
brought  home  to  us  most  adequately  what 
women  who  have  tasted  it,  or  seen  it,  can  best 
relate,  the  despicable  egotism  of  a  weak  man. 
Anzoleto  in  Consuelo,  Tito  in  Romola.''^ 

It  is  important  for  every  one  to  fix  upon  a 
time  for  everyday  study,  and  remember  to 
read  when  you  have  a  disposition  so  to 
do.  Do  not  think  that  spare  moments  not 
spent  in  reading  are  lost.  Some  spare  time 
must  be  kept  for  thinking.  If  you  have 
'nerves,'  it  is  no  good  to  read  then  ;  read  when 
the  mind  is  quiet  and  receptive.  This  will 
probably  be  when  dressing  in  the  morning,  or 
at  night  before  going  to  bed.  Keep  a  small 
bookcase  in  your  dressing-room  ;  in  so  doing 
you  will  learn  the  art  of  going  to  bed  well. 
Read  at  any  time  when  curiosity  is  aroused  as 
^  Bowen's  lecture  on  Novel  Heading. 


38  The    Private    Library. 

to  any  person,  place,  or  subject,  and  keep 
reference  books  at  hand  to  answer  questions 
intelligently.  Napoleon  read  all  the  new 
novels  in  a  travelling  carriage,  and  pitched 
them  out  of  the  window  as  each  was  finished. 
Active  minds,  to  read  advantageously,  should 
seek  a  quiet  sanctiun  of  their  own. 

A  very  admirable  suggestion  was  made  a 
short  time  since,  I  think  by  Dr.  Ernest  Hart, 
that  it  should  be  more  a  custom  to  have  book- 
cases in  bedrooms.  Many  persons,  and,  I 
believe,  notably  Mr.  Gladstone,  read  before 
going  to  bed.  I  think  all  bedrooms  should 
have  a  selection  of  favourite  books,  and  I  do 
not  think  that  novels  are  nearly  so  suitable 
as  books  of  short  essays  and  sketches.  Few 
people  would  sit  up  sufficiently  long  to  read  a 
novel  through,  and  many  would  therefore  not 
begin  what  they  knew  they  would  be  unable 
to  finish. 


Common-place  Books, 

Very  numerous  methods  have  been  sug- 
gested whereby  memory  may  be  assisted  and 
the  assimilation  of  our  reading  proceed  without 


Common-place    Books.  39 

indigestion.  A  reader  is  often  pictured  with 
note-book  in  hand,  supposed  to  be  memorising 
what  he  is  reading.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
note-books  are  very  useful,  but  no  note-book  or 
commonplace-book  should  take  the  place  of  the 
natural  memory — and  every  one  has  a  good 
memory  for  something. 

Thomas  Fuller  has  wittily  said,  '  Adventure 
not  all  thy  learning  in  one  bottom,  but  divide  it 

between  thy  memory  and  thy  note-books 

A  commonplace-book  contains  many  notions  in 
garrison,  whence  an  owner  may  draw  out  an 
army  into  the  field  on  competent  warning.' 

Every  one  has  his  and  her  own  way  of 
keeping  a  commonplace-book.  Mr.  Sala,  I 
remember,  once  gave  a  minute  account  of  his 
jottings  in  this  way  :^  'Todd's  Index  Rerum  was, 

^  *  Periodically  I  am  addressed  by  two  constant  and 
somewhat  exigeant  classes  of  correspondents  :  the  young 
gentlemen  who  wish  me  to  give  them  a  list  of  the  works 
requisite  to  form  a  journalist's  library;  and,  next,  the 
esteemed  individuals  of  both  sexes  and  all  ages  who  want 
me  to  tell  them  how  to  keep  a  commonplace-book.  I 
have  replied  to  both  these  questions  over  and  over  again ; 
and  to  give  yet  another  list  of  the  books  which  I  think  would 
be  useful  to  professional  writers  for  the  press  would  be  to 
outrage  the  patience  of  my  non-professional  patrons.  The 
recipe  for  keeping  a  commonplace-book  may,  however,  it 


40  The    Private    Library. 

in  its  day,  very  little  else  than  an  alphabeted 
book — a  forerunner  of  what  stationers  now  sell 
in  various  sizes  called  Where  is  it  f  The 
simplest    form    of    commonplace  -  book    is    a 

is  to  be  hoped,  be  repeated  without  giving  offence  to  any 
one.  Here  it  is ;  and  pray  observe  that  I  have  had  it 
printed  in  small  type,  in  order  that  the  susceptibilities  of 
readers  who  want  to  be  amused  and  do  not  require  to  be 
instructed  may  not  be  wounded : — Procure  a  blank  book, 
strongly  bound,  big  or  little,  according  to  the  largeness  or 
smallness  of  your  handwriting.  Let  the  book  have  an 
index.  It  will  be  better  if  the  paper  of  the  book  were 
ruled.  When  in  the  course  of  your  reading  you  come  on 
a  passage  which  strikes  you  as  worthy  of  being  common- 
placed, copy  it  legibly  in  your  commonplace-book.  Say 
that  the  passage  is  the  following,  from  Bacon's  Natural 
History:  "So  the  beard  is  younger  than  the  hair  of  the 
head,  and  doth,  for  the  most  part,  wax  hoary  later."  At 
the  end  of  this  passage  inscribe  a  circle  or  an  ellipse,  a 
square  or  a  lozenge,  just  as  you  choose  to  do ;  and  in  the 
inscribed  space  write  with  red  ink  (better  still  with  carmine) 
the  figure  i.  Then  index  the  passage  under  letter  B. 
"  Beard  younger  than  hair  of  head,  i."  If  you  wish  to  be 
very  careful  in  your  common-placing,  you  may  double  index 
the  passage  by  turning  to  letter  H,  and  indicating  the 
passage  as  '*  Head,  hair  of,  older  than  beard."  And  so  you 
may  continue  to  transcribe  consecutively  all  the  passages 
which  strike  you  in  the  course  of  your  reading  :  never 
omitting  to  number  the  passage  and  to  index  it  as  soon  as 
numbered.  That  is  the  system  adopted  by  the  Distressed 
Compiler,  and  he  has  made  constant  use  of  it  for  nearly 
forty  years.' — G.  A.  Sala. 


Common-place    Books.  41 

plain  quarto  MS.  book  ruled  in  an  ordinary 
way,  and  in  this  entries  may  be  made  with- 
out being  alphabeted.  Do  not  write  extracts 
or  notes  right  across  the  line,  but  make  your 
entries  thus,  having  the  keyword  clear  and 
easy  to  be  seen  : — 

'PICUS  DE  MIRANDOLA.— His  extra- 
ordinary gifts.  His  being  sought  after 
by  women.  Compare  with  H.  T.  Buckle. 
See  also  Hallam's  Literary  History, 
Part  I.  chap.  iii. 

In  the  matter  of  note-books,  I  am  sure  that 
it  is  best  for  every  one  to  make  notes  in  the 
way  best  suited  to  his  convenience.  Many,  I 
think,  find  that  taking  notes  while  reading  a 
book  is  an  undesirable  interruption.  To  such, 
it  may  be  suggested  to  have  slips  of  paper 
about  half  an  inch  wide,  and  four  or  five  inches 
long,  and  insert  these  at  the  pages  which  con- 
tain anything  notable.  Then,  when  the  book 
is  finished,  go  through  and  transcribe  or 
memorise  such  passages  as  are  thus  marked. 
I  think  it  a  great  mistake  to  attempt  too  rigid 
a  system  in  note-books,  or  too  much  red  tape  of 
any  kind,  because  whenever  this  is  done,  the 


42  The    Private    Library. 

time  and  thought,  which  should  be  given  to  the 
matter  of  the  extract  helping  to  fix  it  upon  the 
memory,  is  given  instead  to  the  secondary 
matter  of  keeping  your  note-books  very  neat. 


Reference  Books. 


I  have  been  very  often  asked   for  a  book 

which  will  '  tell  one  everything.'     There  is  no 

such  book,  and    there    never  could  be  such  a 

book.     Omniscience  may  be  a  foible  of  men, 

but  it   is    not   so  of  books.      Knowledge,    as 

Johnson  said,  is  of  two  kinds,  you  may  know  a 

thing  yourself,  and  you  may  know  where  to  find 

it.^     Now  the  amount  which  you  may  actually 

know  yourself  must,    at    its    best,   be   limited, 

but   what   you   may   know   of  the   sources  of 

information  may,  with  proper  training,  become 

almost  boundless.     And   here   come  the  value 

and  use  of  reference  books — the  working  of  one 

^  Those  who  read  everything  acquire  something,  and 
especially  they  acquire,  as  the  Bishop  of  Oxford  (Dr. 
"Wilberforce),  once  said,  the  invaluable  power  of  knowing 
where,  when  they  wanted  first-hand  information,  they  could 
most  easily  obtain  it.  That  is  the  knowledge  of  the  lawyer ; 
and  the  knowledge  of  the  lawyer,  if  he  is  competent, 
gradually  becomes  of  the  kind  which  qualifies  him  to  be  a 
judge. — Spectator^  January  2nd,  1897. 


Reference    Books.  43 

book  in  connexion  with  another — and  applying 
your  own  intelligence  to  both.  By  this  means  we 
get  as  near  to  that  omniscient  volume  which  tells 
everything  as  ever  we  shall  get,  and  although 
the  single  volume  or  work  which  tells  every- 
thing does  not  exist,  there  is  a  vast  number  of 
reference  books  in  existence,  a  knowledge  and 
proper  use  of  which  is  essential  to  every  intelli- 
gent person.  Necessary  as  I  believe  reference 
books  to  be,  they  can  easily  be  made  to  be 
contributory  to  idleness,  and  too  mechanical  a 
use  should  not  be  made  of  them.  Very 
admirable  reference  books  come  to  us  from 
America,  where  great  industry  is  shown,  and 
funds  for  publishing  them  never  seem  to  be 
short.  The  French,  too,  are  excellent  at 
reference  books,  but  the  inferior  way  in  which 
they  are  printed  makes  them  tiresome  to 
refer  to.  Larousse's  Grand  Dictiontiaire  is 
a  miracle. 

A  good  atlas  is  essential  as  a  reference 
book,  and  maps  of  the  locality  where  we  live. 
A  good  map  of  old  London  is  very  useful  in 
studying  Pepyi  Diary  for  instance.  A  good 
verbal  dictionary  is  essential.  Sometimes 
several    should   be    in   use  :    thus,    Halliwell's 


44  The    Private    Library. 

Archaic  Dictionary  and  N ares'  Glossary  are 
useful  in  studying  Shakespeare.  Richardson's 
Dictionary  embodies  all  the  good  points  of 
Johnson's  Dictionary,  and  is  very  excellent 
for  quotations.  Poetical  Concordances  and 
Dictionaries  of  Quotations,  both  prose  and 
poetry,  are  useful,  though  very  rarely  does 
one  find  the  quotation  required  in  any  pro- 
fessed book  of  quotations.  A  good  Biographical 
Dictionary  is  a  joy ;  such  is  Lippincott's,  an 
American  work.  A  good  Classical  Dictionary 
is  also  necessary,  and  may  be  supplemented  by 
Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Bio- 
graphy. It  would  be  interesting  to  see  how 
far  it  would  be  possible  to  collect  an  ideal 
reference  library,  and  this,  I  think,  has  never 
been  carefully  done.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  reference  books  are  not  all  books  arranged 
alphabetically  (though  the  man  who  first  wrote 
an  alphabeted  book  should  be  Canonised). 
Reference  books  consist  of  such  works  as 
Rawlinson's  Historical  Works,  Wilkinson's 
History  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians,  and  Fergus- 
son's  History  of  Architecture.  All  such  books 
are  reference  books,  and  many  thousands  more. 
I    think   it  will  be  found  a  good  plan  in  the 


Reference    Books.  4^ 

library  to  keep  reference  books  (viz.,  those 
which  are  Hkely  to  be  in  frequent  use)  in  a 
separate  case — perhaps  a  revolving  case — and 
in  no  library  should  this  section  be  neglected. 
Mr.  Walter  Wren,  the  well-known  coach,  once 
lectured  on  '  What  is  Education  ?'  and  in  his 
lecture  he  made  the  following  remarks  : — 

'  I  think  the  first  thing  that  made  me  a 
teacher  was  my  noticing,  when  a  boy,  how 
men  and  women  read  books  and  papers,  and 
knew  no  more  about  them  when  they  had  read 

them   than   they  did  before Lots  of 

people  seem  to  know  nothing,  and  to  want 
to  know  nothing ;  at  any  rate,  they  never 
show  any  wish  to  learn  anything.  I 
was  once  in  a  room  where  not  one  person 
could  say  where  Droitwich  was;  once,  at  a 
dinner  of  fourteen,  where  only  one  besides 
myself  knew  in  what  county  Salisbury  was.  I 
have  asked,  I  believe,  over  a  hundred  times 
where  Stilton  is,  and  have  been  told  twice — 
this  when  Stilton  cheese  was  handed.  I 
mention  this  to  show  the  peculiar  conservative 
mental  apathy  of  Englishmen.' 

'  A  reader  should  be  familiar  with  the  best 
method  by  which  the  original  investigation  of 


46  The    Private    Library. 

any  topic  may  be  carried  on.  When  he  has 
found  it,  he  appreciates,  perhaps  for  the  first 
time,  for  what  purpose  books  are  for,  and  how 

to  use  them No  person  has  any  claim 

to  be  a  scholar  until  he  can  conduct  such  an 
original  investigation  with  ease  and  pleasure.' 
The  foregoing  was  the  advice  of  a  well- 
known  American  librarian. 

Boudoir  Libraries. 

Women  have  their  own  way  of  loving 
books.  They  are  very  rarely  students,  and 
more  rarely  still  do  they  amass  really 
great  libraries,  though  many  of  the  famous 
women  of  history  have  done  so.  Yet  a 
woman  likes  to  have  her  own  books,  and  she 
likes,  too,  to  have  them  separate  from  her 
husband's  or  her  brothers',  or  the  general 
family  collection.  Most  women  like  tiny  edi- 
tions fitted   into  tiny  cases.^     Colour   is   much 

1  Napoleon  was  a  great  lover  of  small  books.  'An 
insatiate  reader  while  on  his  travels.  Napoleon  complained, 
when  at  Warsaw,  in  1807,  and  when  at  Bayonne,  in  1808, 
that  his  librarian  at  Paris  did  not  keep  him  well  supplied 
with  books.  "  The  Emperor,"  wTOte  the  secretary  to 
Barbier,  "  wants  a  portable  library  of  a  thousand  volumes 


Boudoir    Libraries.  47 

more  to  a  woman  than  to  a  man,  and  in  the 
binding  of  her  books  she  will  very  often  be 
very  happily  inspired.  I  think  that  it  is  in 
De  Maistre's  Jotirney  Round  my  Room  that  he 
says,  'It  is  certain  that  colours  exercise  an 
influence  over  us  to  the  extent  of  rendering 
us  gay  or  sad,  according  to  their  shades.' 
Charming  tiny  bookcases  are  now  sold  in 
various  woods  and  in  all  sizes,  and  these  have 
the  advantage  of  being  easily  moved  from 
place  to  place.  A  very  pretty  effect  can  be 
produced  by  a  book-screen,  but  this,  to  be  of 
service  for  taking  books,  must  be  placed  in 
a  room  larger  than  most  boudoirs.  In  choosing 
bindings  for  small  books  do  not  be  surprised 
if,  when  bound,  your  books  are  not  as  flexible 

in  i2mo.,  printed  in  good  type  without  margin,  and  com- 
posed as  nearly  as  possible  of  forty  volumes  on  religion, 
forty  of  epics,  forty  of  plays,  sixty  of  poetry,  a  hundred  of 
novels,  sixty  of  history,  the  remainder,  to  make  up  the 
thousand,  of  historical  memoirs.  The  religious  works  are 
to  be  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  the  Koran,  a  selection 
of  the  works  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church,  works  respecting 
the  Aryans,  Calvinists,  of  Mythology,  &c.  The  epics  are 
to  be  Homer,  Lucan,  Tasso,  Telemachus,  The  Henriade, 
&c."  Machiavelli,  Fielding,  Richardson,  Montesquieu, 
Voltaire,  Corneille,  Racine,  and  Rousseau  were  also  among- 
the  authors  mentioned.' 


48  The    Private    Library. 

as  they  should  be.  The  easy  opening  of  a 
book,  and  this  particularly  applies  to  small 
books,  depends  very  much  upon  the  thickness 
of  the  paper  used,  and  small  books  printed  on 
thick  paper  will  never  open  well.  Much 
blame  is  often  heaped  upon  binders  in  this 
direction  which  is  by  no  means  their  fault. 
Roan,  parchment,  vellum,  morocco,  and  buck- 
ram are  all  suitable  for  boudoir  bindings.  Very 
pretty  effects  are  produced  by  binding  a  series 
of  small  books  in  vellum  with  green  lettering- 
pieces,  and  green  edges  instead  of  gilded  edges. 
White  backs,  with  pink  or  blue  lettering- 
pieces,  are  also  very  dainty ;  and  a  pretty 
effect  of  another  kind  is  produced  by  dark 
brown  polished  calf,  with  round  backs,  raised 
bands,  and  yellow  edges. 

Reference  books,  such  as  verbal  dictionaries, 
dictionaries  of  quotations,  a  classical  dictionary, 
an  atlas,  or  a  biographical  dictionary,  should 
always  be  to  hand ;  and  even  when  these  are 
in  the  large  library,  duplicates  should  be  kept 
in  the  boudoir. 

In  a  very  charming  book,  already  referred 
to,  called  The  Story  of  my  House,  there  is 
certain  practical  advice  which  seems  to  be  the 


Boudoir    Libraries.  49 

result  of  much  experience  and  excellent  taste 
on  the  part  of  the  writer. 

'  With  regard  to  the  bookcases  themselves, 
their  height  should  depend  upon  that  of  the 
ceilings,  and  the  number  of  one's  volumes. 
For  classification  and  reference  it  is  more  con- 
venient to  have  numerous  small  cases  of  similar 
or  nearly  similar  size,  and  the  same  general 
style  of  construction,  than  a  few  large  cases 
in  which  everything  is  engulphed.  With  small 
or  medium-sized  receptacles,  each  one  may  con- 
tain volumes  relating  to  certain  departments  or 
different  languages,  as  the  case  may  be  ;  by 
this  means  a  volume  and  its  kindred  may  be 
readily  found.' 

'  The  style  and  colour  of  the  bindings, 
also,  may  subserve  a  similar  purpose  ;  as,  for 
instance,  the  poets  in  yellow  or  orange,  books 
on  nature  in  olive,  the  philosophers  in  blue, 
the  French  classics  in  red,  &c.  Unless 
methodically  arranged,  even  with  a  very  small 
library,  a  volume  Is  often  difficult  to  turn  to 
when  desired  for  Immediate  consultation,  re- 
quiring tedious  search,  especially  If  the  volumes 
are  arranged  upon  the  shelves  with  respect 
to  size  and  outward  symmetry.     This  may  be 

E 


50  The    Private    Library. 

avoided  by  the  use  of  small  bookcases  and  a 
definite  style  of  binding.' 

I  think  here  that  the  boudoir  library 
should  have  its  own  catalogue,  and  every 
bookshelf  marked  or  numbered.  Every  bou- 
doir library  should  have  a  catalogue. 

*  In  a  room  ten  and  a  half  to  eleven  feet 
high,  five  feet  is  a  desirable  height  for  the 
bookcases.  Besides  the  drawers  at  the  base, 
this  will  afford  space  for  four  rows  of  books, 
to  include  octavos,  duodecimos,  and  smaller 
volumes.     The  shelves    should,  of  course,   be 

shifting By   leaving    the    top    of  the 

bookcase  twelve  to  thirteen  inches  wide,  ample 
space  will  be  allowed  for  additional  small 
books,  porcelain,  and  h^ic-a-brac.  It  must  be 
borne  in  mind  that  tall  bookcases,  in  addition 
to  the  inaccessibility  of  the  volumes  in  the 
upper  shelves,  have  little,  if  any,  space  for 
pictures  on  the  walls  above  them.' 

It  may  be  appropriate  here  to  remind 
readers  of  an  essay  in  Addison's  Spectator 
upon  my  Lady's  Library. 

*  Some  months  ago,  my  Friend,  Sir  Roger, 
being  in  the  Country,  enclosed  a  Letter  to 
me,  directed  to  a  certain  Lady,  whom  I  shall 


Boudoir    Libraries.  51 

here  call  by  the  name  of  Leonora,  and  as  it 
contained  Matters  of  Consequence,  desired  me 
to  deliver  it  to  her  with  my  own  Hand. 
Accordingly,  I  waited  upon  her  Ladyship 
early  in  the  Morning,  and  was  desired  by 
her  Woman  to  walk  into  her  Lady's  Library  till 
such  time  as  she  was  in  Readiness  to  receive 
me.  The  very  Sound  of  a  Ladys  Library  gave 
me  a  great  Curiosity  to  see  it ;  and  as  it  was 
some  time  before  the  Lady  came  to  me,  I  had 
an  Opportunity  of  turning  over  a  great  many 
of  her  Books,  which  were  ranged  together  in 
very  beautiful  Order.  At  the  end  of  the  Folios 
(which  were  finely  bound  and  gilt)  were  great 
Jars  of  China,  placed  one  above  another  in  a 
very  noble  piece  of  Architecture.  The  Quartos 
were  separated  from  the  Octavos  by  a  Pile  of 
smaller  Vessels,  which  rose  in  a  delightful 
Pyramid.  The  Octavos  were  bounded  by  Tea 
Dishes  of  all  Shapes,  Colours,  and  Sizes,  which 
were  so  disposed  on  a  wooden  Frame  that 
they  looked  like  one  continued  Pillar  indented 
with  the  finest  Strokes  of  Sculpture,  and  stained 
with  the  greatest  Variety  of  Dyes.  That  Part 
of  the  Library  which  was  designed  iox  the 
Reception  of  Plays   and  Pamphlets  and  other 


52  The    Private    Library. 

loose  Papers,  was  enclosed  in  a  kind  of  Square, 
consisting  of  one  of  the  prettiest  Grotesque 
Works  that  ever  I  saw,  and  made  up  of  Scara- 
mouches, Lions,  Monkies,  Mandarines,  Trees, 
Shells,  and  a  thousand  other  odd  Figures  in 
China  Ware.  In  the  midst  of  the  Room  was 
a  little  Japan  Table,  with  a  Quire  of  gilt  Paper 
upon  it,  and  on  the  Paper  a  Silver  Snuff-box, 
made  in  the  Shape  of  a  little  Book.  I  found 
there  were  several  other  Counterfeit  Books 
upon  the  upper  Shelves,  which  were  carved  in 
Wood,  and  served  only  to  fill  up  the  Number, 
like  Fagots  in  the  muster  of  a  Regiment.  I 
was  wonderfully  pleased  with  such  a  mixt 
kind  of  Furniture,  as  seemed  very  suitable  both 
to  the  Lady  and  the  Scholar,  and  did  not  know 
at  first  whether  I  should  fancy  myself  in  a 
Grotto,  or  in  a  Library.' 


Bookbinding, 


As  far  as  I  am  aware  there  are  only  four 
bookbinders  in  London  who  may  be  trusted 
not  to  mutilate  a  book,  and  there  are  only 
two  who  have  any  sense  of  design  and  har- 
mony of  colour.       In    sending   a   book  to    be 


Bookbinding.  ^o 

bound,  if  you  value  the  book,  you  cannot  be 
too  careful  or  minute  in  giving  instructions  as 
to  your  wishes. 

I  think  the  best  way  to  assist  by  advice  is 
to  picture  a  number  of  everyday  instances  of 
people  requiring  books  to  be  bound,  and  to 
take  such  familiar  cases  instancing  well-known 
books  and  show  how  each  case  can  best  be 
dealt  with. 

First  of  all,  the  right  leather  to  use  for 
binding  is  morocco.  This  is  best ;  more  durable, 
and  a  better  choice  of  colour  is  given  you. 
Half-morocco  is  good,  but  see  that  you  get 
a  good  wide  strip  of  morocco,  and  that  it  is 
not  all  cloth  sides  with  a  very  narrow  spine 
of  leather.  Valuable  books  should  never  be 
cut  down.  In  many  cases  the  top  edges 
may  be  gilded  which  is  a  preservative  from 
dust,  but  there  are  many  other  cases  where 
instructions  should  be  given  to  'gild  on  the 
rough,'  the  three  other  sides  should  be  left 
alone. 

I  will  first  take  the  case  of  the  'Cambridge' 
Shakespeare,  the  hand  -  made  paper  edition, 
already  spoken  of,  where  each  play  has  been 
issued  in  a  separate  volume,  and  in  all  forty  thin 


54  The    Private    Library. 

volumes.  Now  the  first  question  to  settle  is : 
Shall  I  have  each  of  the  forty  volumes  bound 
separately,  or  shall  I  bind  the  forty  in  twenty 
double  volumes  ?  or  another  question  may  arise 
in  your  mind,  Shall  I  keep  the  book  in  its  neat 
linen  cover  as  published,  and  get  another 
small  paper  copy,  and  bind  that  instead  ?  Such 
questions  must  be  settled — each  one  for  him- 
self All  I  will  say  now  is  that  the  large 
paper  forty  volume  edition  when  bound  in 
twenty  double  volumes  makes  a  very  ideal  copy 
of  a  great  English  classic  ;  so,  presuming  that  it 
is  to  be  bound,  you  must  choose  the  style  of 
binding.  It  should  rest  between  half-morocco 
and  whole  morocco,  the  latter  costing  about 
double  the  former.  I  think  half-morocco  is 
right  for  the  book  in  most  cases,  whole  morocco 
being  unnecessarily  expensive.  Then  comes 
colour,  which  must  largely  be  referred  to  your 
own  taste — olive-green,  brown,  dark  red,  and 
light  apple  green,  would  all  be  appropriate 
colours  to  choose  from.  The  binder  should  have 
a  book  of  colours  and  shades  ready  for  you 
to  select  one  from.  Be  sure  and  see  that 
you  have  a  coarse-grained  levant  morocco, 
which  is  much  handsomer  than  the  less  good 


Bookbinding.  5^ 

hard  fine-grained  morocco ;  of  course  it  should 
be  a  polished  or  crushed  levant  binding, 
though  when  you  see  the  pattern  piece 
of  leather  it  will  be  rough  and  unpolished. 
At  any  rate  select  a  colour  which,  when 
polished,  will  work  'clean.'  Do  not  select 
anything  very  light  in  morocco,  it  will  pro- 
bably not  work  'clean,'  but  come  out  spotted 
even  when  new. 

You  will  now  select  'end  papers.'  These,  I 
am  sorry  to  say,  are  mosdy  very  ugly,  though 
there  have  recendy  been  made  some  beautiful 
cloudy  coloured  papers,  which  now  and  then, 
and  apparently  by  accident,  are  very  beautiful, 
and  they  are  also  rather  expensive.  Some  of 
the  Japanese  papers  have  pretty  and  very  un- 
obtrusive marblings  worked  upon  them,  and 
occasionally,  too,  a  brocade  paper  looks  well ; 
but  for  a  classic,  the  plainer  the  better,  and  very 
often  a  monotint  end  paper,  or  even  a  plain  white, 
looks  exceedingly  well.  In  the  matter  of  end 
and  side  papers,  it  is  as  well  to  know  that  these 
can  very  easily  be  altered  even  after  the  book 
is  finished.  The  revival  of  flat  backs  has  been 
the  cause  of  some  disputing.  I  think  myself 
that  the  pleasure  with  which   the  trained  eye 


5;6  The    Private    Library. 

regards  the  flat  back  is  sufficient  excuse  for  it. 
As  far  as  technique  goes,  the  flat  back  is,  I 
beHeve,  just  as  lasting  and  as  flexible  as  the 
round.  Much  must  however  be  determined  by 
the  size  and  shape  of  the  book  as  to  whether  a 
flat  back  is  adopted  or  not.  The  Shakespeare 
which  is  now  under  consideration,  when  bound 
in  dotible  volumes,  would,  I  think,  look  well  with 
a  flat  back,  and  with  flat  raised  bands  between 
the  panels ;  whereas,  when  bound  in  forty 
single  volumes,  it  would  be  better  to  have  a 
round  back. 

As  to  decoration  and  finish,  the  most  la- 
mentable errors  of  taste  are  often  committed. 
Over-adornment  is  a  curse.  A  person  sees  an 
attractive  pattern  lying  in  a  shop,  and  wants 
all  his  or  her  books  bound  like  it,  without  for  a 
moment  considering  the  anachronisms  and  im^ 
possible  combinations  that  will  thereby  be  perpe- 
trated. It  is  the  same  with  clothes.  A  man 
sees  another  man  with  a  fine  coat,  and  he 
straightway  thinks  he,  too,  will  have  a  coat  of 
that  same  make  and  pattern.  Never  does  it 
occur  to  him  to  gauge  the  stature  or  character 
of  the  man  who  was  first  wearing  the  coat. 
There  is  yet  a  good  deal  of  the  monkey  and 


Bookbinding.  tn 

the  ape  left  in  us.  We  seem  to  do  our  best  to 
stifle  our  individuality,  and  reduce  our  souls  to 
one  sad  dead  level  of  accursed  and  wicked 
imitation.  Some  day  we  shall  have  our  eyes 
opened,  and  then  see  that  a  man  may  break 
the  whole  of  the  Ten  Commandments  at  once, 
and  yet  he  shall  be  saved  if  he  be  not  vulgar, 
and  it  is  both  senseless  and  vulgar  to  copv  old 
bindings  on  to  modern  books.  The  only  deco- 
ration which  the  copy  of  Shakespeare  could 
require  is  a  gilt  line,  or  double  gilt  lines,  round 
the  panels  of  the  back.  The  full  gilt  back  is 
fortunately  becoming  extinct.     It  may  well  die. 

Decoration  of  books  should  only  be  carried 
out  when  we  are  sure  we  have  an  appropriate 
design,  and  when  we  are  sure  that  the  book  is 
worth  it. 

There  are  now  some  other  details  to  be 
looked  after.  I  refuse  to  class  them  as  minor 
details,  because  towards  the  making  of  the 
perfect  book  everything  right  is  essential. 

(i)  The  Shakespeare,  being  a  book  printed 
on  paper  of  good  quality,  should  have  the  top 
edge  gilt,  but  the  other  sides  should  be  left 
untouched  or  very  slightly  trimmed.  (2)  There 
should  be  one  or  two  markers  in  each  volume. 


58  The    Private    Library. 

and  the  colour  of  these  markers  should  har- 
monise with  the  colour  of  the  binding.  (3) 
The  lettering  should  be  chosen  yourself  There 
should  be  a  principal  title  stamped  boldly  and 
deeply,  and  subordinate  lettering  stamped  lower 
down  and  in  smaller  type.  Thus  Shakespeare's 
WORKS  or  SHAKESPEARE  merely  in  the  top  panel, 
with  the  editor's  name  underneath,  and  then 
below  should  be  lettered  the  plays  contained  in 
each  volume,  and  below  that,  at  the  foot,  the 
date  of  publication.  (4)  Three  weeks  to  a 
month  at  least  should  be  allowed  for  the 
binding  of  such  a  work.  (5)  A  folded  copy 
in  quires  of  a  book  is  always  preferable  to  a 
cloth-bound  copy.  (6)  If  a  binder  should  ever 
suggest  either  a  padded  binding,  a  russia 
leather  binding,  or  a  tree  calf  binding,  you 
may  instantly  leave  his  premises,  for  he  cannot 
understand  his  business. 

It  will  be  understood  that  the  rules  which 
apply  to  the  binding  of  this  Shakespeare 
equally  apply  to  most  other  books.  I  propose, 
however,  to  take  such  instances  as  I  think 
present  difficulties  not  already  met,  and  see 
how  they  can  be  overcome. 

A  second  instance  shall  be  the  new  edition 


Bookbinding.  59 

of  Pepys  Diary.  The  fact  that  this,  and  many- 
other  books,  are  pubHshed  volume  by  volume 
makes  it  somewhat  difficult  to  know  whether  to 
bind  them  at  once  or  not  to  do  so.  In  the  case 
of  the  new  edition  of  Pepys  Diary,  as  neither 
the  binding  of  the  large  or  small  paper  is  un- 
sightly, it  should  be  left  until  complete,  one 
good  reason  for  this  being  that,  if  it  be  bound 
volume  by  volume  as  published,  the  binder 
will  require  a  pattern  volume  each  time,  and 
your  pattern  volume  will  be  lying  about  his 
workshop  each  time  a  volume  is  published. 
To  register  a  pattern  is  by  no  means  advisable  in 
the  case  of  a  really  well-bound  series  of  books. 
It  may  do  well  enough  for  scientific  and  other 
journals,  when  great  nicety  of  detail  is  not 
so  much  required.  In  the  case  of  well-bound 
volumes,  a  pattern  should  accompany  the  order. 
A  book  like  Murray's  Dictionary,  volumes  of 
which  are  slow  in  completing  themselves,  the 
parts  of  the  volumes,  current  and  incomplete, 
should  either  be  tied  up  in  paper,  and  kept 
together,  or  they  should  be  placed  between  two 
pieces  of  millboard  on  the  shelf  where  they  will 
finally  be  placed. 

A  third  instance  shall  be  an  old  book  which 


6o  The    Private    Library. 

requires  repairing  or  restoring.     We  will  sup- 
poise  that  it  is  an  old  copy  of  Clarissa  Harlowe^ 
which  you  have  picked  up  on  a  country  book- 
stall.    Now  the  binding  is  probably  very  much 
broken,  and,  being  very  dry,  is  getting  rapidly 
worse.     It  is  time,  therefore,  that  it  went  into 
hospital,  and  at  the  bookbinder's  hospital  very 
clever  operations  are  performed.     To  restore  a 
binding,  paste  is  rubbed  over  the  leather,  and, 
after    it    is  dry,  it  is  washed  over  with  a  thin 
solution  of  glue  size.      Again,  when  dry,  the 
volume   is   varnished    and    afterwards    rubbed 
over  with  a  cloth  upon  which  a  few  drops  of 
sweet   oil   have    been  dropped.      Here  is  one 
operation  just    in    outline.      There   are   very 
many   others,   which    I    can  only  refer  to.     If 
there  are  ink  marks  on  any  of  the  volumes  of 
your  Clarissa,  which   you  wish  removed,   this 
can  probably  be  done  so  that  no  trace  is  left. 
Similarly  many  grease-spots  can  be  effectually 
removed.      If  a    page   is   torn,    it  can  be  re- 
paired, or  if  a  piece  of  it  is  missing,  it  can  be 
facsimiled,  and  the  whole  of  the  inside  of  the 
volume   can   be   washed   throughout.       Never 
destroy  an  old  binding  if  you  can  help  it,  and 
never  obliterate  marks  of  ownership,  for  it  is 


Bookbinding.  6i 

interesting  to  trace  the  owners  of  a  book.  If 
a  bookplate  is  in  your  Clarissa,  and  you  wish 
your  own  to  appear,  transplant  the  former  one 
to  the  end  cover,  and  put  your  own  in  the  front 
if  you  wish.  Never  have  such  a  book  as  we 
are  now  discussing  cut  down.  A  book  has 
recently  been  written  and  published  by  Mr. 
C.  G.  Leland  on  Mending  and  Repairing,  in 
which  the  author  recommends  the  amateur  to 
repair  his  own  books.  I  believe  Mr.  Leland  is 
an  expert  hand  at  many  arts  and  crafts,  but  I 
do  not  think  that  every  amateur  should  attempt 
experiments  in  repairing  his  own  books  unless 
he  means  to  give  a  great  deal  of  time  to  It, 
which  very  few  would,   I  think,  care  to  do. 

The  following  remarks,  taken  from  a  re- 
view, I  think  by  Mr.  A.  Lang,  are  valuable : — 
'The  binder  is  often  very  mischievous.  He 
not  only  "cuts  down"  books,  Impairing  their 
shapeliness  and  ruining  them  for  sale,  nay, 
even  cuttting  off  lines,  but  he  Is  apt  to  lose 
fly-leaves,  with  imprints,  and  rare  autographs. 
What  he  rejects  may  have  a  merely  fanciful 
or  sentimental  Interest,  still  that  interest  can 
be  expressed  in  terms  of  currency.  An  eighth 
of  an   Inch   In   margin   may  represent  a  large 


62  The    Private    Library. 

sum  of  money,  and  it  is  just  as  easy  not  to 
cut  down  the  volume.  Old  bookplates  ought 
to  be  kept,  on  new  bindings  of  old  books. 
They  are  the  pedigree  of  a  volume.  The 
ancient  covers,  if  discarded,  should  be  ex- 
amined. They  are  often  packed  with  frag- 
ments of  old  manuscripts,  deeds,  woodcuts, 
or  eneravinofs.  The  ac^es  have  handed  books 
on  to  us  ;  it  is  our  duty  to  hand  them  on  to 
coming  generations,  clean,  sound,  uninjured.' 

The  fourth  case  shall  be  paper -bound 
novels,  English  and  French  editions,  and 
Tauchnitz  copies.  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying 
that  the  best  material  is  Buckram.  It  has  the 
merit  of  being  good — that  is  to  say,  durable, 
cheap,  artistic,  and  not  harsh  to  handle,  as 
many  linens  are.  There  are  some  half-a-dozen 
good  colours  in  Buckram,  and  these,  when 
relieved  by  lettering-pieces  of  some  contrasting 
colour,  can  be  made  most  decorative  and  eco- 
nomical. I  believe  buckram  is  in  every  way  a 
most  excellent  material  for  binding,  and  for 
students  who  buy  and  use  German  and  French 
text-books  published  in  paper,  this  material  is 
excellent  for  their  libraries  as  well. 

Here  may  be  added  a  few  words  as  to  Pam- 


Bookbinding.  63 

phlets  and   Magazines.       It   has    been  recom- 
mended that  Pamphlets  be  kept  in  boxes,  which 
may  be  placed  upon  the  shelves  as  books,  but 
this  will  not  be  found  either  convenient  or  secure. 
The  best  way  is  to  bind  Pamphlets  in  volumes 
according  to  size,  or  if  very  numerous,  accord- 
ing to  date  or  subject,  and  let  them  each  be 
entered  separately  in  the   catalogue.      In   the 
cataloguing  of  private  libraries  it  is  sometimes 
thought    that    certain    sections,    such    as   pam- 
phlets and  magazines,  are  not  worth  entering, 
but  the   only  safe  rule  is  that,   if  it   is   worth 
keeping,  it  is  worth  cataloguing.     Single  pam- 
phlets   should    be    bound    in    limp    roan,    and 
volumes  of  pamphlets  in  buckram  or  half-calf, 
with  full  lettering  on  the  back. 

Magazines,  when  they  are  kept  complete, 
should,  of  course,  be  bound  up  in  their  volumes, 
either  yearly  or  half-yearly;  but  it  often 
happens  that  a  magazine  is  bought  for  a 
single  article,  and  many  of  these  accumulating, 
it  is  quite  easy  for  such  articles  as  are  of  special 
interest  to  be  taken  from  the  remainder,  and 
treated  as  pamphlets.  In  the  case  of  magazines 
and  scientific  periodicals  of  importance,  it  is  well 
to  keep  the  covers  and  bind  them  at  the  end  of 


64  The    Private    Library. 

each  volume.  Music  should  be  bound  in  limp 
roan  in  preference  to  limp  calf,  because  the 
latter  would  sooner  show  scratches  and  marks, 
particularly  as  a  large  surface  is  exposed. 

If  you  want  your  pamphlets  and  novels  to 
look  nice,  beware  of  your  binder  using  what 
he  calls  his  odd  pieces,  generally  monsters  of 
ugliness. 

Family  papers,  autograph  letters,  and  MS. 
matter  of  all  kinds  should  be  placed  in  the 
hands  of  an  expert,  with  instructions  to  cal- 
lendar  them,  viz.,  catalogue  them,  giving  a 
prdcis  of  the  contents  of  each  one.  They 
should  then  be  mounted  and  bound  up  in 
volumes,  with  abstract  of  contents  in  front  of 
the  volume.  It  will  be  well  to  consider  the 
advisability  of  having  typed  copies  made  of 
the  whole  wherever  unpublished  records  exist. 

Much,  very  much,  more  might  be  written 
about  practical  details  in  bookbinding,  but 
nothing  is  so  valuable  as  experience,  and  a  few 
mistakes  will  be  the  best  teacher.  Remember  that 
morocco  is  the  best  material,  whether  it  be  half  or 
whole  morocco,  pigskin  is  second,  calf  is  third, 
vellum  is  fourth,  roan  is  fifth,  buckram  is  sixth, 
though  it  may  frequently  take  the  place  of  calf. 


Book    Hobbies.  65 

Book  Hobbies. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  only  an  auctioneer 
admires  all  schools  of  literature.  I  think  it  is 
certain  that  the  way  to  get  most  enjoyment 
from  books  is  to  specialise  a  little.  Mr.  Pepys, 
it  will  be  remembered,  collected  Black  Letter 
Ballads,  Penny  Merriments,  Penny  Witticisms, 
Penny  Compliments,  and  Penny  Godlinesses, 
and  what  Pepys  paid  a  penny  for  are  now  worth 
much  gold.  Lord  Crawford  is,  I  believe,  one 
of  the  most  enthusiastic  among  present  day 
collectors,  and  I  am  told  that  he  spends  many 
hours  in  arranging  and  cataloguing  his  extensive 
and  curious  collection.  As  far  as  I  can  gather 
from  the  printed  catalogues  which  have  been 
issued  of  Lord  Crawford's  library,  he  is  rivalling 
Pepys  in  his  collection  of  ballads.  Other  sub- 
jects which  he  has  taken  up  are  proclamations 
and  Papal  bulls.  I  cannot  omit  saying  that 
if  Lord  Crawford's  example  were  followed  by 
a  few  more  rich  men,  they  would  find  therein 
very  amusing  hobbies.  The  catalogues  of  the 
Ballads  and  the  Proclamations  in  the  Library 
at   Haigh   Hall  have  been  compiled  by  Lord 


66  The    Private    Library. 

Crawford's  own  hand,  and  there  are  no  better 
catalogues  of  a  private  collection  in  existence. 
The  late  Lord  Braybrooke  collected  County 
histories,  and  got  together  a  most  valuable  and 
interesting  collection.  But,  judging  from  his 
own  account  of  his  collection,^  it  was  too 
general  to  be  very  interesting.  There  is  hardly 
a  more  useful  or  profitable  book  hobby  than  the 
collecting  of  Topographical  books,  but  each  one 
should  confine  himself  to  one  County,  or  at 
most  two,  and  even  with  discrimination  in 
buying,  a  single  County  collection  soon  becomes 
extensive.  What  should  be  aimed  at  in  such 
a  collection  is  the  putting  together  whatever 
will  illustrate  the  archaeology,  general  history, 
folk  lore,  dialect,  and  natural  history,  of  a 
district  or  County,  and  wherever  there  is  a 
Church  and  a  Manor,  there  is  a  history.  Each 
parish  history  is  the  unit  of  the  history  of 
the  nation,  and  any  one  investigating  the 
parochial  history  of  a  single  parish  will  find 
much  national  history  written  in  between  the 
lines.  With  regard  to  topographical  and 
genealogical  books,  I  may  say  that  the  prices 
of  these  are  rapidly  rising,  and  will  continue  to 
1  Murray's  Magazine,  September,  1889. 


Book    Hobbies.  67 

rise,  owing  largely  to  the  increasing  competition 
in  America  for  these  books. 

Sir  Walter  Gilbey  has,  it  is  well  known,  a 
fine  collection  of  sporting  books.     There  is  no 
sport  but  what  has  its  literature,  and  if  there  is 
one  subject  more  than  another,  upon  which  the 
English  mind  is  unchanging,    it  is  sport,  and 
this  being  so,  sporting  books  will  always  offer  a 
fine  field  for  collectors.     As  the  coaching  age 
recedes  farther  back,  so  it  will  be  found  that  an 
increasing  number  of  men   will  want  to  read 
about  what  they  no  longer  can  hear  viva  voce. 
All     out -door     subjects     are     good     hobbies. 
Flower  culture  and  the  laying  out  of  grounds, 
birds  and   natural   history  generally   are   good 
subjects,  but  it  must  be  understood  that  no  one 
can  find  another  a  subject,  one  can  only  suggest, 
and  that  is  all  I  propose  to  do  here.     Books  offer 
a  very  endless  variety  of  hobbies.     So  I  have 
merely  named  one  or  two  highways,  and  there 
is    an    endless    maze   of  bypaths    which    offer 
delightful   hunting  grounds.       Dr.  Johnson,   it 
may  be  remembered,  expressed  a  very  sound 
commonsense  view  of  this  matter  to  Boswell : 

'  When  I  mentioned  that  I  had  seen  in  the 
King's     Library    fifty -three    editions    of    my 


68  The    Private    Library. 

favourite  Thomas  a  Ke^npis  ....  in  eight 
languages  ....  Johnson  said  he  thought  it 
unnecessary  to  collect  many  editions  of  a  book 
which  were  all  the  same  except  as  to  paper 
and  print.  He  would  have  the  original,  and  all 
the  translations,  and  all  editions  having  vari- 
ations in  the  text.  He  approved  of  the  famous 
collection  of  the  editions  of  Horace  by 
Douglas,  and,  he  added,  "  Every  man  should 
try  to  collect  one  book  in  that  manner " ' 

Old  Country  Libraries, 

The  library  of  Chaucer's  Clerk  of  Oxen- 
ford,  which  represented  about  the  maximum 
that  an  ordinary  student  would  possess,  con- 
sisted of 

*  A  twenty  bokes,  clothed  in  black  and  red, 
Of  Aristotle  and  his  philosophic,' 

and  these  he  kept '  at  his  beddes  hed.' 

Dr.  Jessopp,  in  one  of  his  learned  papers,^ 
has  pointed  out  that  in  the  thirteenth  century 
the  number  of  books  in  the  world  was,  to  say 
the  least,  small.  A  library  of  five  hundred 
volumes  would,  in  those  days,  have  been  con- 
^  Nineteenth  Century,  January,  1884. 


Old    Country   Libraries.  69 

sidered  an  important  collection,  and  after 
making  all  due  allowances  for  ridiculous 
exaggerations,  which  have  been  made  by  ill- 
informed  writers  on  the  subject,  it  may  safely 
be  said  that  nobody  in  the  thirteenth  century — 
at  any  rate  in  England — would  have  erected  a 
large  and  lofty  building  as  a  receptacle  for 
books,  simply  because  nobody  could  have  con- 
templated the  possibility  of  filling  it.  Here 
and  there  amongst  the  larger  and  more  impor- 
tant monasteries  there  were  undoubtedly 
collections  of  books,  the  custody  of  which  was 
entrusted  to  an  accredited  officer,  but  the  time 
had  not  yet  come  for  making  libraries  well 
stored  with  such  priceless  treasures  as  Leland, 
the  antiquary,  saw  at  Glastonbury,  just  before 
that  magnificent  foundation  was  given  as  a 
prey  to  the  spoilers.  A  library,  in  any  such 
sense  as  we  now  understand  the  term,  was  not 
only  no  essential  part  of  a  monastery  in  those 
days,  but  it  may  almost  be  said  to  have  been 
a  rarity. 

In  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries  we 
rarely  meet  with  any  indications  of  a  literary 
taste  among  the  laity ;  the  books  they  pur- 
chased  were   more    for    ornament    than    use. 


yo  The    Private    Library. 

But  in  the  fifteenth  century  we  find  books 
mentioned  in  a  manner  which  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  the  laity  were  enabled  to  use 
them  with  pleasure.  In  1395,  Alice,  Lady 
West,  left  to  Joan,  her  son's  wife,  'all 
her  books  of  Latin,  English,  and  French ; ' 
and  from  the  memoranda  of  Sir  John  Howard, 
we  learn  that  that  worthy  knight  could  read 
at  his  leisure  '  an  Englyshe  boke,  callyd  Dives 
et  Pauper^  for  which,  and  '  a  Frenshe  boke,' 
in  1464,  he  paid  thirteen  shillings  and  four- 
pence.  The  library  of  this  member  of  the 
Howard  family  was  sufficiently  extensive  to 
enable  him  to  select  therefrom,  on  the  occasion 
of  his  going  to  Scotland,  thirteen  volumes  for 
his  solace  and  amusement  on  the  voyage.^  In 
the  Paston  Letters  will  be  found  a  catalogue 
of  the  library  of  one  of  the  members  of  this 
fifteenth  century  family.  In  the  monasteries 
books  were,  of  course,  used  and  treasured 
long  before  they  became  part  of  the  house- 
hold goods  of  rich  laymen.  The  catalogue 
of  the  House  of  the  White  Canons,  at  Titch- 
field,  in  Hampshire,  dated  1400,  shows  that 
the  books  were  kept  in  a  small  room  on 
1  Parker,  Domestic  Architecture. 


Old    Country    Libraries.  71 

shelves,  and  set  against  the  walls.      A  closet 
of    this    kind    was    evidently    not    a    working 
place,  but  simply  a  place  of  storage.      By  the 
beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  larger 
monasteries    had    accumulated    many    hundred 
volumes,    and    it    began    to    be    customary   to 
provide    for   the  collections   separate   quarters, 
rooms    constructed    for    the     purpose.       The 
presses     in    the    cloisters    were    still     utilised 
for    books   in    daily  reference.^      Duke    Hum- 
phrey    was     a     great      book     collector     and 
patron  of  letters,   and  presented  to  the    Uni- 
versity  of    Oxford   many   of    the    illuminated 
treasures  which  he  had  collected.     The  mag- 
nificent  collection    of    Charles    V.   of   France, 
also    a    great   bibliomaniac,    was    brought   by 
the    Duke   of   Bedford    into    England.      This 
library      contained     853     volumes     of    great 
splendour,  and  the  introduction  of  these  books 
into    England    stimulated    a   spirit   of    inquiry 
among  the  more  wealthy  laymen.     Guy  Beau- 
champ,  Earl  of  Warwick,  collected  a  very  fine 
library  of   early  romances,  which   about   1359, 
he  left  to  the  monks  of  Bordesley  Abbey,  in 
Worcestershire.       A    list   of   this    library    will 
^  Putnam,  Books  and  their  Makers^  vol.  i. 


72  The    Private    Library. 

be  found  in  Todd's  Illustrations  of  Gower  and 
Chaucer. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Clark  has,  with  quite  wonderful 
learning,  drawn  a  picture  of  student-life  of 
the  past  with  such  graphic  vigour  that  we 
can  almost  reinstate  Colet,  Casaubon,  and 
Erasmus,  and  picture  them  exactly  as  they 
worked  among  their  books.  In  Macaulay's 
chapter  upon  TJie  State  of  England  hi  1685, 
are  given  numerous  facts  about  the  difficulty 
the  clergy  had  in  getting  books,  and  the  little 
desire  there  was  among  the  squires  to  possess 
libraries.  Few  knights  of  the  shire  had  libraries 
so  good  as  may  now  perpetually  be  found  in 
a  servants'  hall,  or  in  the  back  parlour  of  a 
small  shopkeeper.  An  esquire  passed  among 
his  neighbours  for  a  great  scholar  if  Hudibras 
and  Baker  s  Chro7iicle,  Tarleton^s  Jests,  and 
the  Seven  Champions  of  Ch'istendom,  lay  in 
his  hall  window  among  the  fishing  rods  and 
fowling  pieces.  No  circulating  library,  ,no 
book  society,  then  existed,  even  in  the 
capital ;  but  in  the  capital  those  students 
who  could  not  afford  to  purchase  largely 
had  a  resource.  The  shops  of  the  great 
booksellers,  near  St.   Paul's  Churchyard,  were 


Old    Country   Libraries.  73 

crowded  every  day  and  all  day  long  with 
readers.  In  the  country  there  was  no  such 
accommodation,  and  every  man  was  under  the 
necessity  of  buying  whatever  he  wished  to 
read.  Macaulay  further  points  out  that  Cotton 
seems,  from  his  Angler,  to  have  found  room 
for  his  whole  library  in  his  hall  window  ;  and 
Cotton  was  a  man  of  letters.  In  the  Life  of 
Dr.  John  North  there  is  an  account  of  that 
delightful  person's  dealings  with  Mr.  Robert 
Scott,  of  Little  Britain,  a  very  famous  book- 
seller in   the   seventeenth  century. 

Dr.  John  North  is  really  a  fascinating  per- 
sonality.i  His  soul  was  'never  so  staked 
down  as  in  an  old  bookseller's  shop,  for, 
having  taken  orders,  he  was  restless  till  he 
had  compassed  some  of  that  sort  of  furniture 
as    he   thought    necessary   for    his    profession. 

'  I  have  borne  him  company,'  says  his 
biographer,  *at  shops  for  hours  together, 
and,  minding  him  of  the  time,  he  hath 
made  a  dozen  proffers  before  he  would 
quit.  By  this  care  and  industry  he  made 
himself  master  of  a  very  considerable  library, 
wherein  the  choicest  collection  was  Greek.' 
^  See  ante,  p.  8. 


74  The    Private    Library. 

Pepys  wished  that  his  name  should  go 
down  to  posterity  as  a  man  fond  of  books. 
The  arrangements  for  the  settlement  of  his 
library  after  death  prove  this.  The  numerous 
references  throughout  the  Diary  show  that 
he  had  a  passion  for  collecting,  and  showed 
good  judgment  in  what  he  got  together. 
Pepys,  like  Dr.  John  North,  dealt  of  Robert 
Scott,  who,  when  sending  his  distinguished 
customer  four  scarce  books,  the  total  cost 
of  which  was  only  i/.  145.,  writes,  'Without 
flattery   I    love  to  find  a  rare  book  for  you,'^ 

1  Many  interesting  references  to  Pepys'  Collections  are 
found  in  Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley's  Pepys,  and  the  World  he 
Lived  in.  The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  the  same 
writer's  new  and  final  edition  of  the  Diary : — 

May  15,  1 660. — 'After  that  to  a  bookseller's  and  bought 
for  the  love  of  the  binding  three  books  :  the  French  Psalms 
in  four  parts,  Bacon's  Organon,  and  Farnab.  Phetor.'^ 

Dec.  26,  1662. — 'Hither  come  Mr.  Battersby;  and  we 
falling  into  a  discourse  of  a  new  book  of  drollery  in  verse 
called  Hudebras,^  I  would  needs  go  find  it  out,  and  met 
with  it  at  the  Temple :  cost  me  2s.  6</.' 

*  Index  Rhetoricus,  of  Thomas  Farnaby,  was  a  book  which  went 
through  several  editions.  The  first  was  published  at  London,  by  R. 
Allot,  in  1633. 

'  The  first  edition  of  Butler's  Hudibras  is  dated  1663,  and  it 
probably  had  only  been  published  a  few  days  when  Pepys  bought  it 
and  sold  it  at  a  loss.  He  subsequently  endeavoured  to  appreciate  the 
work,  but  was  not  successful.  The  edition  in  the  Pepysian  Library  is 
dated  1689. 


Old    Country    Libraries.  7^ 

R.  Scott,  the  bookseller,  to  Mr.  Pepys. 

'June  2)Oth,  1688. 
'Sir, —  Having  at  length  procured  Campion, 
Hanmer,    &    Spencer's    Hist,    of   Ireland,    fol. 
(which   I    think,   you   formerly  desired)   I  here 

July  8,  1664. — 'So  to  Paul's  Churchyarde  about  my 
books,  and  to  the  binder's,  and  directed  the  doing  of  my 
Chaucer,^  though  they  were  not  full  neate  enough  for  me, 
but  pretty  well  it  is;  and  thence  to  the  clasp-maker's  to 
have  it  clasped  and  bossed.' 

/an.  18,  1664-65. — 'Up  and  by  and  by  to  my  book- 
seller's, and  there  did  give  thorough  direction  for  the  new 
binding  of  a  great  many  of  my  old  books,  to  make  my 
whole  study  of  the  same  binding,  within  very  few,' 

Aug.  24, 1666. — '  Up,  and  despatched  several  businesses 
at  home  in  the  morning,  and  then  comes  Sympson  to  set 
up  my  other  new  presses 2  for  my  books,  and  so  he  and  I 
fell  into  the  furnishing  of  my  new  closett,  and  taking  out 
the  things  out  of  my  old,  and  I  kept  him  with  me  all  day, 
and  he  dined  with  me,  and  so  all  the  afternoon  till  it  was 
quite  dark  hanging  things,  that  is  my  maps  and  pictures  and 
draughts,  and  setting  up  my  books,  and  as  much  as  we 
could  do,  to  my  most  extraordinary  satisfaction.' 

Dec.  17,  1666. — 'Spent  the  evening  in  fitting  my  books, 
to  have  the  number  set  upon  each,  in  order  to  my  having 

^  This  was  Speght's  edition  of  1602,  which  is  still  in  the  Pepysian 
Library.  The  book  is  bound  in  calf,  with  brass  clasps  and  bosses.  It 
is  not  lettered. 

"^  These  presses  still  exist,  and,  according  to  Pepys'  wish,  they  are 
placed  in  the  second  court  of  Magdalene  College,  in  a  room  which 
they  exactly  fit,  and  the  books  are  arranged  in  the  presses  just  as  they 
were  when  presented  to  the  college. 


76  The    Private    Library. 

send  itt  you,  with  2  very  scarce  bookes  besides, 
viz.  Pricaei  Defensio  Hist.  Britt.  4to,  and  old 
Harding's  Chronicle,  as  alsoe  the  Old  Ship  of 
Fooles,  in  old  verse,  by  Alex.  Berkley,  priest ; 

an  alphabet  of  my  whole,  which  will  be  of  great  ease 
to  me.  This  day  Captain  Batters  come  from  sea  in  his 
fireship  and  come  to  see  me,  poor  man,  as  his  patron, 
and  a  poor  painful  wretch  he  is  as  can  be.  After  supper 
to  bed.' 

Dec.  19,  1666. — 'Home  full  of  trouble  on  these  con- 
siderations, and,  among  other  things,  I  to  my  chamber, 
and  there  to  ticket  a  good  part  of  my  books,  in  order  to 
the  numbering  of  them  for  my  easy  finding  them  to  read 
as  I  have  occasion,' 

Jan.  8,  1666-67. — 'So  home  and  to  supper,  and  then  saw 
the  catalogue  of  my  books,  which  my  brother  had  wrote  out, 
now  perfectly  alphabetical!,  and  so  to  bed.' 

Feb.  4,  1666-67. — 'Mightily  pleased  with  the  play,  we 
home  by  coach,  and  there  a  little  to  the  office,  and  then  to 
my  chamber,  and  there  finished  my  catalogue  of  my  books 
with  my  own  hand,  and  so  to  supper  and  to  bed,  and  had  a 
good  night's  rest,  the  last  night's  being  troublesome,  but 
now  my  heart  light  and  full  of  resolution  of  standing  close 
to  my  business.' 

Feb.  8,  1667-68. — 'Thence  away  to  the  Strand,  to  my 
bookseller's,  and  there  staid  an  hour,  and  bought  the  idle, 
rogueish  book,  L'escholle  des  filles,  which  I  have  bought  in 
plain  binding,  avoiding  the  buying  of  it  better  bound,  because 
I  resolve,  as  soon  as  I  have  read  it,  to  burn  it,  that  it  may 
not  stand  in  the  list  of  books,  nor  among  them,  to  disgrace 
them  if  it  should  be  found.  Thence  home,  and  busy  late  at 
the  office,  and  then  home  to  supper  and  to  bed.' 


Old    Country   Libraries.  77 

which  last,  though  nott  scarce,  yett  soe  very 
fayre  and  perfect,  that  seldome  comes  such 
another ;  the  Priceus  you  will  find  deare,  yett 
I  never  sold  it  under  los.,  and  att  this  tyme 
you  can  have  it  of  a  person  of  quality  ;  butt 
I  love  to  find  a  rare  book  for  you,  and 
hope  shortly  to  procure  for  you  a  perfect 
Hall's   Chronicle. 

'  I  am,  Sir, 

'  Your  Servant  to  command, 

'  Robert  Scott.' 


Campion,  Hanmer,  &  Spencer  fol. 
Hardings  Chronicle,  4to.    ... 
Pricaei  Defens.  Hist.  Britt. 
Shipp  of  Fooles,  fol. 


0  : 

12  : 

:  0 

0  : 

6 

:o 

0  : 

:    8 

:  0 

0  : 

;    8 

:  0 

14 


The  contents  of  Pepys'  famous  collections 
of  Manuscripts,  Books  and  rare  single-sheet 
literature  are  known  more  or  less  to  students, 
and  are  found  by  them  to  be  of  the  utmost 
value.  It  is  amusing  to  notice  how  careful 
Pepys  was  not  to  admit  into  his  library  any 
'risky'   books.      Little  did  he  think  that  the 


yS  The    Private    Library. 

key  to  the  diary  would  be  one  day  discovered. 
When  he  bought  in  the  Strand  '  an  idle, 
rogueish,  French  book,  L Escholle  des  Filles' 
he  resolved,  as  already  stated,  as  soon  as  he 
had  read  it,  to  burn  it,  '  that  it  might  not 
stand  in  the  list  of  books,  nor  among  them, 
to  disgrace  them,  if  it  should  be  found/ 
He  was  equally  solicitous  about  Rochester's 
Poems. 

Pepys'  books  were  numbered  consecutively 
throughout  the  library,  and  therefore,  when 
rearranged,  they  needed  to  be  all  renumbered. 
This  was  done  by  Pepys  himself,  his  wife, 
and  Deb  Willett,  who  were  busy  until  near 
midnight  '  titleing '  the   books. 

With  so  many  references  to  Pepys  and  his 
book-collecting  as  we  find  in  the  Diary,  it  is 
puzzling  to  read,  under  date,  October  5,  1665, 
after  references  to  '  Sister  Poll,'  '  I  abroad  to 
the  office,  and  thence  to  the  Duke  of  Albemarle, 
all  my  way  reading  a  book  of  Mr.  Evelyn's 
translating  and  sending  me  as  a  present,  about 
directions  for  gathering  a  library,  but  the  book  is 
above  my  reach'  Pepys,  one  would  think,  had 
by  this  time  gone  far  enough  in  himself  gather- 
ing a  library  to  understand  the  little  pamphlet  by 


Old    Country    Libraries.  79 

Naudeus,  librarian  to  Cardinal  Mazarin,  which 
Evelyn  translated,  and  which  was  issued  in 
1 66 1,  and  which  is  now  very  rare.  There 
is  a  charming  letter  from  Evelyn  to  Pepys, 
dated  12th  August,  1689,  giving  very  many 
interesting  details  of  the  private  libraries  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  which  goes  a 
very  long  way  to  modify  Macaulay's  rather 
overdrawn  picture  of  the  scarcity  of  books 
and  private  libraries  in  1685.  This  letter  of 
Evelyn's  might  be  compared  with  Addison's 
picture  of  'Tom  Folio'  in  the  Tatler}  Tom 
Folio  stood  for  a  great  book  collector,  Thomas 
Rawlinson. 

The  eighteenth  century  produced  a  host 
of  great  book  collectors.  William  Oldys, 
Humphrey  Wanley,  and  Thomas  Rawlinson 
just  mentioned.  These  men  were  great  ex- 
perts, who  infected  with  enthusiasm  many 
great  patrons  of  letters,  such  as  Charles, 
Earl  of  Sunderland,  the  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
Lord  Somers,  Lord  Oxford,  Topham  Beau- 
clerk,  Colonel  Stanley,  and  George  Earl 
Spencer,  whose  famous  Library  now  at  Man- 
chester has  been  called  the  finest  private 
1  Tatler,  No.  158. 


8o  The    Private    Library. 

library  in  Europe.  In  his  Life  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Lockhart  has  inserted  a  visitor's  im- 
pression of  the  Hbrary  at  Abbotsford.  '  The 
visitor  might  ransack  a  Hbrary,  unique,  I  sup- 
pose, in  some  of  its  collections,  and  in  all 
departments  interesting  and  characteristic  of 
the  founder.  So  many  of  the  volumes  were 
enriched  with  anecdotes  or  comments  in  his 
own  hand,  that  to  look  over  his  books  was,  in 
some  degree,  conversing  with  him.'  The 
catalogue  of  the  Abbotsford  library  was  printed 
by  the  Maitland  Club  in  1838,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  catalogues  of  a  private  collection 
ever  printed. 


Weeding  Out. 


It  is  necessary  that  a  large  country-house 
library  should  occasionally  be  weeded  out  and 
overhauled.  The  libraries  which  were  formed 
in  past  generations  cannot  be  expected  to  suit 
present-day  requirements.  In  a  great  many 
country-house  libraries  there  is  little  else  than 
a  great  mass  of  turgid  theology,  but  very 
often  buried  among  these   are   really  valuable 


The    Catalogue.  8i 

books.  Upon  the  death  of  the  head  of  a 
family,  the  Hbrary  should  be  carefully  gone 
over  in  order  that  the  new  owner  may  get 
an  idea  of  the  books  —  a  collection  which  he 
may  be  excused  from  knowing  much  of  as 
he  did  not  collect  it.  The  books  should 
then  be  re-arranged  to  suit  the  views  of 
those  who  are  most  likely  to  use  them,  and 
certain  rejected  volumes  should  be  disposed 
of  and  others  put  in  their  places. 

How    much   this    is    necessary    might    be 
illustrated  by  many  anecdotes. 


T^he  Catali 


ogue. 


I  have  said,  under  the  heading  '  Classi- 
fication,' that  it  is  not  advisable  or  necessary 
to  attempt  any  rigid  classification  upon  the 
shelves.  One  good  reason  for  this  is  that  by 
so  doing  you  are  trying  to  do  what  can  so 
much  better  be  done  by  a  catalogue.  No  one 
who  uses  books  very  much  but  sooner  or 
later  becomes  grateful  for  the  existence  of 
an  alphabet  and  an  arrangement  by  ABC. 
Carlyle    once    said,    '  A   library    is    not   worth 

G 


82  The    Private    Library. 

anything  without  a  catalogue  ;  it  is  a  Poly- 
phemus without  any  eye  in  his  head,  and  you 
must  confront  the  difficulties,  whatever  they 
may  be,  of  making  proper  catalogues.' 

*  The  classification  of  Pepys'  library  was  to 
be  found  in  the  catalogues,  and  as  Pepys  in- 
creased in  substance  he  employed  experts  to 
do  this  work  for  him.'  ^ 

No  catalogue  is  of  any  use  unless  you  can 
tell  from  it  (i)  All  that  the  library  possesses 
of  the  known  books  of  a  known  author  at  one 
view,  as  well  as  (2)  All  that  it  possesses,  by 
whomsoever  written,  on  a  known  and  definite 
subject. 

The  old  catalogues  were  mostly  very  bad. 
Old  methods  have  now  given  way  to  newer 
and  better  bibliographical  systems,  and,  to  take 
the  case  of  a  large  country  house,  where  books 
are  scattered  about  in  many  rooms,  a  catalogue 
is  most  essential.  The  catalogue  should,  in 
most  cases,  be  in  M  S. ,  and  not  typewritten.  Such 
an  arrangement  admits  of  additions  being  made 
more  easily.  The  printed  catalogue  is  adopted 
where  the  library  is  of  special  value,  or  if  it 
has  any  particular  class  of  books  predominating 

^  Wheatley,  Pepys  and  the  World  he  Lived  in,  p.  84. 


The    Catalogue.  83 

to  make  it  of  use  as  a  bibliography  of  a  special 
subject.  Lord  Crawford's  sectional  catalogues 
of  his  library,  already  referred  to,  are  the 
most  valuable  lists  I  know  of  for  student 
purposes,  but  I  believe  very  few  people  have 
ever  seen  them. 

The  catalogue  of  Lord  Crawford's  Proclam- 
ations, at  Haigh  Hall,  is  a  marvel  of  industry 
and  accuracy.  Mr.  Locker  Lampson's  Rowfant 
Library  was  catalogued,  and  the  catalogue 
printed  and  sold,  because  it  had  special 
value  as  a  collection  of  Elizabethan  poetry. 
Mr.  Edmund  Gosse's  Library  catalogue  was 
printed  because  it  contained  special  collections 
of  seventeenth -century  literature.  Whether 
the  library  be  a  student's  library  or  a  general 
library,  a  catalogue  is  essential.  Gibbon  had 
a  catalogue  of  his  books.  I  have  seen  so 
many  amateur  attempts  at  cataloguing  private 
libraries  that  I  am  bound  to  say  I  do  not 
think  the  plan  of  cataloguing  one's  own 
books  in  any  way  answers.  Any  catalogue 
may  be  better  than  no  catalogue,  but,  if  a 
catalogue  is  to  be  done,  it  is  better  by  far 
to  call  in  the  assistance  of  some  one  whose 
work    it    is.       It    frequently    happens    that    a 


84  The    Private    Library. 

family  inherits  a  large  library,  and  the  in- 
heritors, not  having  formed  the  collection, 
naturally  can  know  but  little,  if  anything,  of 
its  contents.  Now,  in  such  a  case,  and  in 
many  other  cases,  the  best  plan  is  to  have 
your  books  overhauled,  sifted,  certain  volumes 
weeded  out,  if  necessary%  others  rebound,  and 
the  whole  remainder  carefully  catalogued  and 
described,  the  cases  being  numbered  and  the 
shelves  lettered. 

Very  often  the  owner  of  a  library  sets 
out  to  catalogue  his  or  her  own  books,  and 
makes  the  initial  mistake  of  entering  them 
one  by  one  in  a  MS.  volume  already  bound 
up.  Such  a  plan  must  end  in  failure  and 
disorder,  because  it  is  impossible  by  this 
means  to  get  the  titles  strictly  alphabetical. 
Others  I  have  seen  commence  writing  the 
titles  from  the  backs  of  the  books.  Other 
difficulties  which  are  encountered  are  with 
anonymous  books,  and  with  such  authors  as 
used  pseudonyms,  and,  in  some  cases,  many 
pseudonyms.  Such  was  Henri  Beyle,  whose 
books  bear  various  disguises,  such  as  De 
Stendhal,  Cotonet,  Salviati,  Viscontini,  Birk- 
beck,    Strombeck,   C^sar    Alexandre    Bombet. 


The    Catalogue.  85 

The  British  Museum  Library  has  ninety-one 
rules  of  cataloguing,  forming,  perhaps,  the  best 
cataloguing  code  in  the  world  ;  but  for  private 
libraries  such  elaboration  and  detail  is  not 
necessary.  The  following  are  the  main  rules 
to  be  adopted  in  private  libraries  : — ^ 

1.  The  catalogue  should  be  arranged  in  one 
general  alphabet,  this  being  tne  most  useful  and 
the  readiest  form  for  reference.  To  render  it, 
as  nearly  as  possible,  a  correct  representation  of 
the  contents  of  the  library,  each  work  has  but 
one  principal  descriptive  entry.  The  shelf- 
mark  is  confined  to  this  entry — duplicate  shelf- 
mark  references,  when  the  position  of  books  is 
likely  to  be  often  altered,  from  the  accession  of 
additions  to  the  library,  &c.,  leading  to  frequent 
and  unavoidable  errors. 

2.  This  entry  is  under  the  author's  name 
when  given  on  the  title-page,  or  otherwise 
known,  as  being  the  only  arrangement  which 
allows  one  general  rule  to  be  followed  through- 
out the  catalogue. 

3.  Anonymous  works,  whose  authors'  names 

^  I  believe  these  rules  were  originally  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
B.  R.  Wheatley. 


86  The    Private    Library. 

are  unknown,  are  placed  under  the  subjects  to 
which  they  relate. 

4.  Cross  references  are  made  : 

from  the  subjects    of  biographies  to 

the  authors ; 
from    the    principal    anonymous    and 

pseudonymous  works  to  the  writer's 

real  names  where  known  ; 
from  works  included  in,  or  noticed  in 

the  title-pages  of  other  publications, 

to  those  publications. 

5.  To  obviate  the  imperfections  necessarily 
attendant  on  an  alphabetical  arrangement,  and 
for  the  greater  facility  of  reference,  short  classi- 
fications are  introduced  of  the  chief  subjects  on 
which  the  books  in  the  library  treat,  referring 
to  the  names  of  the  authors  in  the  same  general 
alphabet ;  thereby  uniting  the  advantages  of 
the  alphabetical  and  classified  systems,  and 
acting  in  some  measure  as  a  key  to  the  prevail- 
ing character  of  the  library. 

6.  All  authors'  names  are  followed  by  full 
stops :  any  articles  placed  under  a  writer's 
name,  of  which  he  is  not  the  author,  but  which 
are  anonymous  answers  to,  or  criticisms  on,  his 


Classification    of  Books.  87 

works ;  anonymous  memoirs  placed  under  the 
subjects  ;  or  any  entries  whatever,  in  which  the 
heading  name  prefixed  is  not  that  of  the 
author,  are  distinguished  by  a  line  following 
the  name. 

7.  The  headings  of  the  short  classifications 
are  distinguished  by  being  doubly  underlined 
with  red  ink.  The  name  to  be  referred  to  is 
singly  underlined,  but  when  the  reference  is  to 
another  heading,  and  not  to  an  author,  it  is 
doubly  underlined. 

In  preparing  titles  for  the  catalogue 
(whether  it  be  intended  to  transcribe  or  print 
them),  it  should  be  an  imperative  instruction 
that  they  be  written  on  slips  of  paper  (or  on 
cards)  of  uniform  size.  It  is  also  useful  to 
include  in  them  a  word  or  two  which  may  serve 
to  identify  the  origin  of  the  books — whether  by 
purchase,  by  copyright,  or  by  gift — and  to 
indicate  the  date  of  their  respective  acquisition. 

Classification  of  Books. 

The  classification  of  books,  according  to  any 
set  system,  or  according  to  subjects  upon  the 
shelves  of  a  library,  is  not  easy,  and  for  many 


88  The    Private    Library. 

reasons  it  is  not  worth  attempting.  Unless  the 
library  is  a  very  large  one,  say,  ten  to  twenty 
thousand  volumes,  with  ample  and  adaptable 
shelving,  it  is  not  to  be  desired.  The  main  diffi- 
culty in  shelf  classification  lies  in  the  fact  that 
books  on  similar  and  kindred  subjects  are  issued 
in  all  sizes.  There  are  books  on  Furniture,  for 
instance,  in  folio,  in  quarto,  and  in  octavo. 
When  shelf  classification  is  imperative,  the 
folios  are  all  put  together,  the  quartos  together, 
and  the  octavos  together.  This  is  the  nearest 
realisation  of  a  shelf  classification,  and  by  this 
method  the  folios  may  be  far  separated  from 
the  quartos,  and  the  quartos  from  the  octavos. 
Moreover,  if  appearance  count  for  anything,  as 
indeed  it  should  in  the  most  modest  library, 
it  will  be  impossible  to  carry  out  any  plan  of 
shelf  classification  and  preserve  at  the  same  time 
an  appearance  of  method  and  fitness.  In  plan- 
ning out  how  your  books  are  to  be  placed,  a 
great  consideration  is  the  placing  of  them,  so  that 
books  likely  to  be  frequently  referred  to  shall  be 
easy  of  access,  and  books  less  likely  to  be  in 
request  shall  be  housed  higher  up.^     Reference 

1  No  bookshelves  ought  to  be  beyond  the  reach  of  a 
moderately  tall  person. 


Classification  of  Books.  89 

books  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  placed  to- 
gether, and  all  easy  of  access.  The  main  divisions 
into  which  a  private  library  classes  itself  are  His- 
tory and  Biography,  Fiction,  Poetry  and  Drama, 
Theology,  Travel,  Art,  Belles  lettres  ;  but  there 
are  so  many  considerations  besides  those  of  sub- 
ject in  any  general  classification  which  should 
determine  the  position  of  a  volume  that  I  must 
emphasise  what  has  already  been  said  about 
actual  personal  convenience  being  first  studied, 
and  the  library  as  arranged  on  the  shelves 
should  be  the  result  of  personal  convenience 
and  graceful  effect.  This  is  more  particularly 
necessary  when  a  library  is  in  course  of  ex- 
pansion. The  subjects  which  will  expand 
quickest,  and  the  space  they  will  require,  can 
never  be  accurately  gauged,  and  frequent  up- 
heavals and  readjustments  will  be  necessary  if 
any  rigid  plan  is  aimed  at.  I  would  suggest 
that  a  separate  shelf — or,  if  necessary,  a  sepa- 
rate case — be  reserved  for  unbound  periodicals 
and  for  accessions,  which  are,  as  it  were,  sub 
judice.  Often,  too,  a  separate  case  is  neces- 
sary for  rare  and  handsome  books,  and  a 
locked  case  iox  facetics.  It  is  worth  while  to 
observe  that  Pepys  found  that  the  best  way  to 


90  The    Private    Library. 

find  his  numerous  books  was  to  number  them 
consecutively  throughout  the  Hbrary.^ 

Numerous  elaborate  plans  of  book  classifi- 
cation have  been  put  forward,  principally  by 
Americans,  but  in  no  way  are  they  adaptable 
to  the  requirements  of  private  libraries,  and  I 
doubt  very  much  the  possibility  of  compre- 
hending them  in  such  a  way  as  to  apply 
them  in  an  intelligible  manner  even  to  public 
libraries. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Wheatley,  in  an  admirable  paper 

1  •  The  books  were  numbered  consecutively  throughout 
the  library,  and,  therefore,  when  rearranged,  they  needed  all 
to  be  renumbered.  All  hands  were  pressed  into  this  service, 
and  we  read  that  on  the  15th  of  February,  1667-68,  Pepys 
himself,  his  wife,  and  Deb.  Willett  were  busy  until  near 
midnight  "  titleing  "  the  books  for  the  year,  and  setting  them 
in  order.  They  all  tired  their  backs,  but  the  work  was 
satisfactory {See  ante,  p.  78.) 

'  The  books  are  arranged  in  eleven  curious  old  mahogany 
bookcases,  which  are  mentioned  in  the  Diary  under  date 
August  24,  1666.  "Up  and  dispatched  several  businesses 
at  home  in  the  morning,  and  then  comes  Sympson  to  set 
up  my  other  new  presses  for  my  books,  and  so  he  and  I 
fell  into  the  furnishing  of  my  new  closett,  and  taking  out 
the  things  out  of  my  old,  and  I  kept  him  with  me  all  day, 
and  he  dined  with  me,  and  so  all  the  afternoon  till  it  was 
quite  darke  hanging  things,  that  is,  my  maps  and  pictures 
and  draughts,  and  setting  up  my  books,  ....  to  my  most 
extraordinary  satisfaction." ' — Wheatley,  Fepys  and  the  World 
he  lived  in,  pp.  83-4. 


Classification  of  Books.  91 

upon  Library  arrangement,^  gives  the  following 
excellent  practical  advice  : — 

'If  I  had  the  planning  of  rooms  for  a 
private  library,  I  should  select  as  the  best 
possible  arrangement  a  suite  of  three  rooms, 
or  one  long  room  or  gallery  divided  by  columns 
into  three  compartments,  of  which  the  centre 
should  be  the  largest,  with  several  small  con- 
tiguous ante-rooms,  the  entrances  to  which,  if 
so  desired,  might  be  concealed,  for  uniformity 
or  completeness  of  appearance,  by  filling  them 
with  sham  or  dummy  book-backs,  the  titles  of 
which  may  be  made  an  occasion  for  witticism 
or  joking  allusion  to  local  and  family  history. 

'A  good  library  arrangement  is  not  achieved 
at  once,  but  is  a  slow  growth  through  diffi- 
culties met  and  conquered.  Some  of  the  best 
portions  of  it  will  be  those  which  have  flashed 
across  your  mind  when  there  seemed  no  path- 
way out  of  the  thicket  of  difficulty  in  which  you 
were  struggling.  The  arrangement  of  books, 
where  the  shelves  are  not  made  to  order  to  suit 
your  plans,  must  naturally  be  of  a  progressive 
character  in  its  development  in  your  mind. 

'  In  some  old  libraries,  collected  mostly  in 
1  Library  Journal^  August,  1878. 


92  The    Private    Library. 

the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  there 
is  such  a  preponderance  of  those  portly  tomes 
in  foHo  in  which  our  sturdy  ancestors  delighted, 
that  they  materially  affect  and  disconcert  our 
ordinary  plans.  I  have  known  an  instance  in 
which  the  library  shelves  projected  slightly  in 
their  upper  part,  and,  there  thus  being  an 
appropriate  depth,  I  arranged  on  these  shelves 
two  long  parallel  rows,  completely  round  the 
room,  of  these  noble  volumes  of  our  old 
divines.  State  papers,  Statutes,  Treaties,  Trials, 
and  our  County  histories ;  and  the  effect  in 
strength  and  power  (as  Ruskin  might  have 
said)  of  these  long  lines  of  large  stout  books 
of  nearly  equal  height  and  size  was  really  mag- 
nificent. Sometimes  you  meet  with  such  a  valu- 
able and  massive  body  of  topography  as  will  not 
allow  of  its  cavalierly  being  made  a  subsidiary 
section  of  the  class  of  history,  and  the  form 
and  weighty  character  of  the  folios  suggest 
that  some  deep  and  separate  bookcases  should 
be  chosen  in  which  it  may  assume  the  im- 
portant  individuality  that  it  deserves.' 

'  Folios  of  a  modern  date,  being  of  very 
unequal  sizes,  would  have  a  raggedness  of 
outline  which  would  be  less  observed  nearer 


Classification  of  Books.         93 

to  the  ground  than  in  the  elevated  position 
just  referred  to.  As  a  general  rule,  a  row  of 
folios  on  the  lowest  shelf  will  be  succeeded  by 
one  of  quartos,  and  then  above  the  ledge  the 
octavos  and  duodecimos  will  be  placed,  but 
they  should  not  ascend  in  too  rigid  a  law  of 
gradual  decrease.  Rows  of  small  books  at 
the  top  of  a  bookcase  look  as  petty  to 
the  mind  as  to  the  eyes,  and,  indeed,  are 
in  general  more  appropriately  placed  in 
dwarf  bookcases  specially  fitted  for  their 
reception. 

*  For  small  libraries,  not  exceeding  3000  to 
4000  volumes,  the  letters  of  the  alphabet  may 
be  used  for  the  cases,  and  small  figures  for  the 
shelves,  on  the  principle  of  the  greater  in- 
cluding the  less,  the  letters  having  a  more 
important  appearance.  But  in  larger  libraries, 
where  there  is  a  chance  of  the  alphabet  being 
doubled  or  trebled,  one  regular  series  of  large 
numbers  for  the  cases,  with  small  letters  for  the 
shelves,  is  to  be  preferred.' 

Books  should  be  marked  in  pencil,  with  a 
shelf  letter  and  a  case  number. 

Long  sets  of  books  need  be  numbered  in 
the  first  volume  only. 


94  The    Private    Library. 

In  the  case  of  collections  of  pamphlets  each 
item  ought  to  be  separately  catalogued. 

The  catalogue  should  complement  the 
arrangement  on  the  shelves,  and  not  be 
tautological. 

Tables    of    contents    of    collected    editions 
given  in  catalogue. 

A  synoptical  table  of  contents  should  be 
prefixed   to  the  catalogue. 

For  those  who  desire  a  roucrh  outline  of 
headings  into  which  a  library  usually  classifies 
itself,  I  will  name  one.  The  briefest  is  as 
follows: — (i)  Theology,  (2)  Philosophy  and 
Science,  (3)  Art,  (4)  Political  Economy, 
(5)  Law,   (6)   History  and  Literature. 


Bookcases. 

The  chief  faults  of  bookcases  arise  from  their 
being  designed  and  made  by  men  who  have 
never  used  a  book.  A  first  requisite  in 
bookcases  is  simplicity,  bearing  in  mind 
that  the  books  are  the  ornament  and  not  the 
bookcases.  The  cabinet-maker,  among  other 
things,    is    too   fond    of    embellishments,    and 


Bookcases.  95 

sacrifices  space  to  what  seem  odd  angularities 
and  irregularities. 

No  bookcase  should  be  above  eight  and  a 
half  feet  in  height.  No  ladder  should  be 
necessary  to  get  at  books.  If  books  are  'skied ' 
up  to  the  ceiling  they  must  suffer  from  the 
heated  air.  It  is  heat,  not  gas  merely,  which 
damages   books. 

A  room  may  be  made  to  look  very  beautiful 
by  being  surrounded  with  fumed  oak  book- 
cases, eight  feet  high.  The  shelves  should 
be  made  movable  with   Tonks'  patent.^      Mr. 

1  Tonks'  fittings  are  specially  adapted  for  the  shelves  of 
book-cases  or  other  shelves,  the  adjustment  of  which  has, 
from  time  to  time,  to  be  varied  to  suit  the  varying  require- 
ments of  a  library,  &c.  The  method  hitherto  generally 
adopted  for  such  shelves  is  to  support  them  at  each  end  by 
two  studs,  the  heads  of  which  are  mortised  into  the  shelf, 
and  the  pins  driven  or  otherwise  fitted  into  holes  two  or 
more  inches  apart,  bored  in  two  rows  into  the  upright 
frames  ;  these  holes  are  very  seldom  accurately  fitted  to  the 
pins,  and  even  where  so  done  in  the  first  instance,  from  the 
shrinking  or  expansion  of  the  wood,  they  soon  become  too 
large  or  too  small  for  the  pins,  and  the  alteration  of  the 
adjustment  of  a  shelf  is  thereby  rendered  an  extremely 
troublesome  operation.  The  patent  fittings  remedy  this, 
and  save  both  time  and  trouble ;  in  place  of  the  rows  of 
holes  so  far  apart,  metal  strips  perforated  at  intervals  of 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  for  the  reception  of  the  very  simple 
but  strong  metal  plates,  which  take  the  place  of  the  old 


g6  The    Private    Library. 

Gladstone^  speaks  of  the  looseness  and  the 
tightness  of  movable  shelves,  the  weary  arms, 
the  aching  fingers,  and  the  broken  finger-nails. 
This  can  be  avoided  by  the  use  of  the  patent 
here  named.  The  bottom  cases  should  be  deeper 
and  wider,  to  take  quartos  and  folios,  but  there 
should  always  be  an  extra  shelf  for  turning  a 
folio  section  into  an  octavo  section.  Nineteen- 
twentieths  of  the  books  in  circulation  are 
octavos  and  smaller  volumes.  On  each  side 
of  the  fireplace  there  should  be  an  arm  pro- 
jecting about  four  feet  and  a  half.  The  inner 
side  of  this  should  have  a  comfortable  reading- 
seat,  and  on  the  outer  side,  farthest  from  the 
fire,  there  may  be  shelves  for  books.  If  the 
structural  arrangements  of  the  room  admit  of 

studs,  are  mortised  in  and  screwed  to  the  frames.  The 
insertion,  at  the  required  intervals,  of  the  plates  into  the 
perforations  in  these  strips  is  made  instantaneously,  con- 
sequently the  position  of  a  shelf  can  be  easily  altered  with- 
out an  irritating  expense  of  trouble,  and  waste  of  time.  The 
thinness  of  the  plates  renders  any  mortising  in  the  shelf 
unnecessary,  and  the  small  intervals  between  the  perfora- 
tions in  the  strips  enables  the  whole  space  occupied  by  the 
shelves  to  be  used  most  economically.  These  fittings, 
when  used  with  a  shelf  sufficiently  strong  itself  to  bear  the 
weight,  will  support  without  strain  more  than  half  a  ton. 

1  Nineteenth  Century,  March,  1890. 


Bookcases.  07 

these  projecting  arms  being  placed,  without 
sacrifice  of  comfort,  at  a  greater  distance  from 
the  fireplace,  the  books  may  be  placed  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  inner  side  as  well,  the  lower 
part  being  used  as  a  lounge. 

It    must    be    remembered    that   heat   and 
excessive  dryness  are  fatal  to   good  bindings 
and,    indeed,    to    all    parts    of    a    book,    and 
therefore    no  bookcase    should    approach    too 
near    a    fireplace,    nor    should    bookcases   be 
placed  backing   upon  hot-water    pipes.       The 
shelves  should  be  edged  with  leather  and  such 
leather    must   not   be    stiffened   by    cardboard 
or  brown    paper  — simply   leather,    and    there 
should    be    a    roller    shutter   of  silk    to   draw 
down    in  front   of  the   books   during  absence 
from    home.     The    cases ^  should  everywhere 
be   perfectly   flush,    without   any  sort   of  pro- 
truding ornament.       It    will  be  found  a  great 
advantage    to    make    the    framework   of    the 
various   cases   of    equal    dimensions,    so    that 
the    shelves    can    be    made  transferable.       In 
estimating     the     extent    of    shelving     which 
it    may    be    necessary    to    provide,     we    may 
calculate   that   in   an  ordinary  library  a  space 
1  Edwards,  Memoirs  of  Libraries^  ii.,  736. 

H 


98  The    Private    Library. 

two  feet  high  and  two  feet  wide  will,  on 
an  average,  contain  about  thirty-five  volumes, 
and  it  may  be  estimated  roughly  that  every 
thousand  volumes  in  a  library  will  require 
about  a  hundred  square  feet  of  shelving. 

If  fixed  shelves  are  made,  the  usual  height 
will  be — ^ 

For  folios    18  to  21  inches. 

„     quartos     12   ,,    15 

,,     octavos    10       ,, 

,,     smaller  sizes    7       ,, 

1  The  Sizes  of  Books. — The  Associated  Librarians  of 
Great  Britain  decided  upon  a  uniform  and  arbitrary  scale 
for  the  measurement  and  description  of  the  sizes  of  books. 
In  consequence  of  the  many  and  varied  sizes  of  papers  now 
manufactured,  the  terms  folio,  quarto  or  4to.,  octavo  or  8vo., 
twelvemo  or  i2mo.,  and  so  on,  as  indicating  the  number  of 
folds  in  the  printed  sheets,  can  no  longer  be  relied  upon  as 
a  definite  guide  to  the  sizes  of  books,  hence  the  change,  as 
follows  : — 

la.  fol. 

fol. 

sm.  fol.     . 

la.  8vo.     . 

8vo. 

sm.  8vo.  . 

i2mo. 

i8mo. 

mo. 

la.  4to. 

4to. 

sm.  4to.    . 


Large  folio 

Folio      

Small  folio 
Large  octavo     .. 
Octavo  ... 
Small  octavo     .., 
Duodecimo 
Decimo  octavo... 
Minimo... 
Large  quarto     . . , 
Quarto  ... 
Small  quarto     . . . 


over 

18  inches. 

below 

18 

>> 

13 

J) 

1 1 

)> 

9 

j> 

8 

>> 

8 

is 

6 

below 

6 

» 
11 

15 
II 

Bookcases.  99 

These  spaces  will  allow  ample  room  for  the 
average  sizes.  The  'Atlas'  folios  and  'Elephant 
folios  are  best  accommodated  in  single  shelves, 
in  which  they  may  be  flat,  or  on  trays  or 
table  cases. ^  Bear  in  mind  always  to  allow 
sufficient  space  for  expansion.  Nothing  causes 
more  disorder  than  insufficient  shelf  accom- 
modation. All  cases  should  be  numbered 
and  lettered,  that  is,  each  section  should 
have  a  number,  and  each  shelf  a  letter.  For 
the  accommodation  of  expensive  bindings  or 
rare  books  and  MSS.,  a  special  case  may 
sometimes  be  required.  Very  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  such  may  be  seen  sketched  in  the 
books  of  Chippendale,  Sheraton,  and  Heppel- 
white,  but  it  is  in  all  cases  better  to  avoid  glass 
fronts  and  adopt  ornamental  brass  wire  work 
if  any  special  protection  be  needed. 

The  late  Mr.  Blades,  a  great  expert  in  this 
matter,  said,  *  It  is  a  mistake  to  imagine  that 
keeping  the  best-bound  volumes  in  a  glass- 
doored  bookcase  is  a  preservative.  The  damp 
air  will  certainly  penetrate,  and  as  the  absence 
of  ventilation  will  assist  formation  of  mould,  the 
books  will  be  worse  off  than  if  they  had  been 
^  Edwards,  Memoirs  of  Libraries,  ii.,  739. 


lOO  The    Private    Library. 

placed  in  open  shelves.  If  securing  be  desirable, 
by  all  means  abolish  the  glass  and  place  orna- 
mental brass  wire  work  in  its  stead.' ^ 

'It  is  more  important  to  see  that  the 
shelves  intended  for  choice  and  richly  bound 
books  should  be  covered  with  leather,  and 
expressly  such  as  are  intended  for  books  of 
large  sizes.  In  the  case  of  books  of  special 
value,  the  leather  should  be  well  padded,  should 
be  of  the  best  quality,  and  should  have  a 
polished  surface.'^ 

In  the  Nineteenth  Century  for  March, 
1890,  already  quoted  from,  Mr.  Gladstone 
wrote  upon  '  Books,  and  the  Housing  of 
them.'  This  paper  showed  a  sound  grasp  of 
the  subject  and  showed  Mr.  Gladstone  in  a 
new  and  very  interesting  light.  Appended  are 
some  extracts  from  this  paper,  all  of  which  I 
think  experts  would  agree  to,  except  the  fixed 
shelves,  and  here,  I  think,  any  one  who  has 
handled  books  very  much  will  be  at  issue  with 
Mr.  Gladstone.  He  himself  says  : — '  I  have 
recommended  that,  as  a  rule,  the  shelves  be 
fixed,  and  have  given  reasons  for  the  adoption 

^  Blades,  Enemies  of  Books. 
2  Edwards,  ii.,  737. 


Bookcases.  loi 

of  such  a  rule.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  will 
receive  the  sanction  of  authorities,  and  I  make 
two  admissions.  First,  it  requires  that  each 
person  owning  and  arranging  a  library  should 
have  a  pretty  accurate  general  knowledge  of 
the  size  of  his  books.  Secondly,  it  may  be 
expedient  to  introduce  here  and  there,  by  way 
of  exception,  a  single  movable  shelf.' 

Now,  a  man  must  be  able  not  only  to  gauge 
very  accurately  the  limits  of  his  library  and  the 
various  sizes  of  books,  but  he  must  be  able  to 
look  into  the  future  if  he  would  safely  embark 
on  fixed  shelves.  And  this  is  wholly  impossible. 
Fixed  shelves  should  only  be  adopted  where 
cost  has  to  be  reduced  to  a  minimum,  but  in 
the  majority  of  instances  movable  shelves 
will  be  found  preferable.  The  paragraphs 
which  deal  with  bookcases  in  Mr.  Gladstone's 
article  may  here  be  given  : — 

'  The  question  of  economy,  for  those  who 
from  necessity  or  choice  consider  it  at  all,  is 
a  very  serious  one.  It  has  been  a  fashion  to 
make  bookcases  ornamental.  Now,  books  want 
for  and  in  themselves  no  ornament  at  all.  .  .  . 
The  man  who  looks  for  society  in  his  books 
will  readily  perceive  that,  in  proportion  as  the 


102        'The    Private    Library. 

face  of  his  bookcase  is  occupied  by  ornament, 
he  loses  that  society ;  and  conversely,  the  more 
that  face  approximates  to  a  sheet  of  book-backs, 
the  more  of  that  society  he  will  enjoy.  And  so 
it  is  that  three  great  advantages  come  hand  in 
hand,  and,  as  will  be  seen,  reach  their  maximum 
together :  the  sociability  of  books,  minimum 
cost  in  providing  for  them,  and  ease  of  access 
to  them. 

'  In  order  to  attain  these  advantages,  two 
conditions  are  fundamental.  First,  the  shelves 
must,  as  a  rule,  be  fixed  ;  secondly,  the  cases, 
or  a  large  part  of  them,  should  have  their  side 
against  a  wall  and  thus,  projecting  into  the 
room  for  a  con^'^enient  distance,  they  should  be 
of  twice  the  depth  needed  for  a  single  line  of 
books,  and  should  hold  two  lines,  one  facing 
each  way.  Twelve  inches  is  a  fair  and  liberal 
depth  for  two  rows  of  octavos.  The  books  are 
thus  thrown  into  stalls,  but  stalls  after  the 
manner  of  a  stable.  .  .  .  This  method  of  di- 
viding the  longitudinal  space  by  projections  at 
right  angles  to  it,  if  not  very  frequently  used, 
has  long  been  known.  A  great  example  of  it 
is  to  be  found  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
and  is  the  work  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren.     He 


Miscellaneous  Appliances.     103 

has  kept  these  cases  down  to  a  very  moderate 
height ;  for  he  doubtless  took  into  account  that 
great  heights  require  long  ladders,  and  that  the 
fetching  and  use  of  these  greatly  add   to   the 
time  consumed  in  getting  or  replacing  a  book.' 
It  must  here  be  added  that  Mr.  Gladstone's 
plan    is   much    more  fitted  for  a  large  public 
library  than  for  the  library  of  a  private  person, 
for  whom  he  is  prescribing.    Though  the  library 
m   the  form  of  an  annexe^   is   in  many  ways 
an  ideal  form  for  housing  a  large  library,  yet 
these  are  hardly  likely  to  be  in  the  majority, 
and  most  people  find  that  they  have  to  house 
their  books  in  a  circumscribed  space,  with  no 
room    for   such    bays    and    projections    as    he 
suggests  except  perhaps  one  by  the  fireplace. 

Miscellaneous  Appliances. 

Whether  the  library  be  considered  as  a 
workshop  or  a  morning-room,  there  are  certain 
necessary  appliances,  which  will  contribute  a 
great  deal  to  comfort,  and  the  proper  preser- 
vation of  books.  Thus,  proper  tables  will  be 
required.  Mr.  Gladstone,  I  believe,  has,  or 
^  See  p.  106. 


104  The    Private    Library. 

had,  three  tables  in  his  Temple  of  Peace — 
one  for  correspondence,  one  for  politics,  and 
one  for  literary  work.  This,  no  doubt,  is  a 
very  excellent  plan  to  be  followed  by  those 
whose  time  is  precious,  and  who  have  to 
divide  each  day  up  for  fixed  duties.  The 
*  Shannon '  and  other  American  tables  are  very 
excellent  for  correspondence  work,  being  fitted 
with  pigeon-holes  and  drawers,  and  I  have 
no  doubt  but  that  equally  well-made  tables 
are  made  specially  fitted  for  literary  work. 
Such  a  table  should  measure  not  less  than 
six  feet  by  three ;  its  top  should  be  a  clear, 
flat  surface,  and  it  should  stand  firmly  on  its 
legs,  and  these  legs  should  be  four,  and  should 
not  be  placed  to  be  in  the  way  of  the  person 
sitting  at  the  table.  An  ink-well  should  be 
sunk  flush  with  the  top  of  the  case,  and  it 
should  have  a  brass  cover.  A  knee-hole  table 
is  not  the  best  for  literary  work,  but  it  may 
be  the  best  for  letter-writing.  Of  chairs,  one 
good,  firm,  hard-seated  chair  is  necessary. 
Mr.  Ellwanger^  says,  *  I  have  two  chairs  for  my 
reading — a  stiff  one  for  books  I  have  to  read ; 
a  luxurious  one  for  books  I  like  to  read.  My 
1  Jhe  Story  of  my  House. 


Miscellaneous  Appliances.     105 

luxurious  chair  is  of  dark  green  leather,  a  treat 
to  sink  into,  modelled  after  the  easy  armchair 
of  the  Eversley  Rectory,  known  from  its  se- 
ductive properties  as  "  Sleepy  Hollow." '  A 
very  prettily  designed  and  useful  hard-seated 
chair  is  that  known  as  the  Goldsmith  chair, 
being  modelled  upon  the  chair  which  belonged 
to  Oliver  Goldsmith.  A  revolving  bookcase 
is  a  very  appropriate  article  of  furniture  in  a 
library.  It  may  be  made  especially  useful 
for  reference-books,  or  any  such  books  as  are 
being  used  together  at  one  time  for  purposes 
of  study  and  comparison.  These  revolving 
bookcases  are  made  in  all  sizes,  and  can,  of 
course,  be  made  to  suit  any  particular  require- 
ment ;  thus  I  have  seen  them  made  with  a  top 
which  can  be  raised  to  a  slope  with  a  ledge 
like  a  standing  desk,  upon  which  a  large  atlas 
can  be  rested  and  consulted.  Apart  from  this, 
I  strongly  recommend  the  use  of  a  standing 
desk  for  health's  sake  when  a  great  deal  of 
writing  has  to  be  done. 

It  frequently  happens  that  books  being 
taken  from  the  shelf,  the  volumes  left  behind 
fall  down  in  an  untidy  heap.  To  obviate 
this,    there   is    a   very   simple    form    of  metal 


io6         The    Private    Library. 

book  support  sold,  which  keeps  a  half-filled 
shelf  neat  and  tidy.  An  alternative  to  this 
is  the  old  plan  of  inserting  dummies,  whereby 
no  blanks  are  seen.  As  I  have  so  strongly 
advocated  shelves  the  tops  of  which  are  within 
reach  of  the  hand,  I  need  not  say  much  about 
steps,  but  where  steps  are  really  needed,  they 
should  be  very  light,  and  capable  of  being 
easily  lifted  with  one  hand.  They  should  have 
an  upright  rod  support  rising  about  four  feet 
above  the  top  step  ;  this  for  the  purpose  of 
safety  when  using  the  steps.  Cabinets  of 
drawers  for  prints  and  very  large  books  should 
also  be  secured  if  required,  and  cushioned 
desks  for  books  with  metal  bosses  or  metal 
mountings  of  any  description.  Last,  but  by 
no  means  least,  let  there  be  good  ink,  and 
plenty  of  it ;  good  pens,  and  a  variety  of  them  ; 
and  good  blotting-paper,  frequently  renewed ; 
and  paper-knives  of  various  sizes. 

T/6^  Library  Annexe, 

What  in  many  ways  is  an  ideal  library  is  a 
library  housed  in  a  building  specially  con- 
structed as  an  annexe  to  a  residence.     I  feel 


The    Library    Annexe.  107 

sure  that,  within  the  next  ten  years,  there  will 
be  many  moderately  wealthy  men  who  will  be 
anxious  to  form  libraries  and  special  collections 
of  books,  housing  them  in  this  way.  The  idea 
is  only  new  as  applied  to  large  country  man- 
sions. Hitherto  students  of  moderate  means 
have  managed  to  construct  buildings  specially 
adapted  for  study  and  free  from  interruption. 
The  only  instance  of  a  library  annexe  attached 
to  a  country  mansion  with  which  I  am  ac- 
quainted is  the  recent  and  very  notable  instance 
at  Hawarden,  of  which  more  later.  The  late 
Vicar  of  Middleton  Cheney,  in  Oxfordshire, 
and,  I  think,  Dr.  Jessopp,  of  Seaming,  have  both 
found  that  their  work  has  been  assisted  by  library 
annexes.  Horace  Walpole  said  of  Topham 
Beauclerk  that  he  had  built  a  library  in  Great 
Russell  Street,  that  reached  '  half-way  to  High- 
gate.'  Lord  Bacon  spent  ten  thousand  pounds 
in  building  himself  a  retreat  in  his  grounds  at 
Gorhambury. 

Mr.  Gladstone's  scheme  at  Hawarden  is 
likely  to  be  followed  by  many  others. 
Of  course  the  Hawarden  library  has  been 
endowed,  and  made  practically  open  and  free. 
It    is    the    idea    of    a    private    library   as    a 


io8  The    Private    Library. 

temple  of  peace  for  the  owner  and  his  visitors 
which  we  would  like  to  see  extended.  One 
fancies  that  books  micrht  be  on  a  better  footing 
in  country  houses  if  they  had  the  honour  of  a 
separate  building.  Then  they  would,  at  any 
rate,  be  on  as  good  a  footing  as  the  stables 
or  as  the  greenhouse,  which  at  present  they  are 
not.  Books  are  not  so  much  wall  covering, 
or  so  much  furniture.  They  are  much  more ; 
they  should  be  treated  more  like  living  crea- 
tures, and  if  only  their  owners  would  get  upon 
speaking  terms  with  them,  how  readily  would 
they  get  a  response.  Roughly,  then,  one  would 
like  to  see  attached  to  every  large  country 
establishment  a  book  building,  a  centre  of  in- 
telligence and  light,  where  we  might  be  sure 
of  finding  a  good  atlas,  a  good  biographical 
dictionary,  and  good  verbal  dictionary.  I  do  not 
understand  why  so  little  importance  has  hitherto 
been  attached  to  this.  Such  a  building  should 
have  a  large  central  room  and  several  separate 
small  rooms  for  private  study.  The  illus- 
trations in  a  charming  little  book  called 
Mr.  Gladstone  m  the  Evening  of  his  Days 
convey  what  is  meant  very  well.  From  this 
little    volume    I    give     extracts    which    seem 


The    Library    Annexe.  109 

very  clear  to  any  one  interested  in  this 
matter : — 

'  Everywhere  about  in  the  large  room  are 
books  —  books  —  books.  The  Iron  Library 
(the  building  is  of  iron)  is  arranged  in  the  same 
ingenious  way  as  Mr.  Gladstone's  private 
library  at  Hawarden  Castle.  There  are  win- 
dows on  either  side  of  the  long  room,  and 
between  these  windows  high  bookcases,  run- 
ning towards  the  centre  of  the  room,  are  put 
up.  There  are  books  on  either  side  of  these 
cases,  and  the  part  facing  the  centre  of  the 
room  is  again  arranged  to  hold  books.  It  is 
truly  marvellous  how  many  books  can  thus  be 
stored  without  a  single  one  being  out  of 
sight.' 

'  There  is  the  same  simplicity,  the  same 
quiet  comfort,  the  same  air  of  repose,  and 
the  same  absence  of  library  conventionality 
about ' 

'  Through  a  door  ....  you  reach  the  second 
room  in  the  library,  to  which  Mr.  Gladstone 
has  given  the  name  of  the  "Humanity  room." 
It  is  arranged  on  exactly  the  same  plan  as 
the  first,  and  contains  secular  works  chiefly. 
You  note  Madame  de  Sevig-ne  s  Letters  on  one 


no  The    Private    Library. 

shelf,  in  neat  and   dainty  httle   volumes  ;   and 
yellow-backed  Zola  lower  down.'^ 

Any  one  who  proposed  having  a  library  as  a 
separate  building  should  certainly  study  Mr. 
Gladstone's  experiments  at  St.  Deiniol's  Library, 
or  procure  Mr.  Gladstone  in  the  Evening  of  his 
Days,  wherein  are  given  illustrations  of  the  in- 
terior plan  and  general  economy  of  the  structure. 

^  These  notices  of  the  Hawarden  Library  may  be  com- 
pared with  the  accounts  given  in  Dennistoun's  Dukes  of 
Urbino  of  a  great  Florentine  library  : — 

*  Adjoining  (the  main  library)  was  a  study,  fitted  up  with 
inlaid  and  gilded  panelling,  beneath  which  ....  were 
depicted  Minerva  with  her  aegis,  Apollo  with  his  lyre,  and 
the  nine  muses,  with  their  appropriate  symbols.  A  similar 
small  study  was  fitted  up  immediately  over  this  one,  set 
round  with  armchairs  encircling  a  table,  all  mosaicked  with 
tarsia,  .  .  .  while  in  each  compartment  of  the  panelling 
was  the  portrait  of  some  famous  author,  and  an  appropriate 
distich.  ...  To  the  right  and  left  of  the  carriage  entrance 
into  the  great  courtyard  are  two  handsome  saloons,  each 
about  forty-five  feet  by  twenty-two,  and  twenty-three  in 
height.  That  on  the  left  contained  the  famous  library  of 
MS.  collected  by  Count  Federigo;  the  corresponding  one 
received  the  printed  books  which,  gradually  purchased  by 
successive  dukes,  became,  under  the  last  sovereign  a  copious 
collection.  Baldi,  in  his  description  of  the  palace,  printed  in 
Bianchini's  works,  dwells  on  the  judicious  adaptation  of  the 
former,  its  windows  set  high  against  the  northern  sky,  ad- 
mitting a  subdued  and  steady  light  which  invited  to  study ; 
its  air  cool  in  summer,  temperate  in  winter ;  its  walls  con- 
veniently sheltered ' 


The    Library    Annexe.  iii 

Certainly  Mr.  Gladstone's  ideas  as  to  the 
arrangement  of  books  as  put  forth  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century  for  March,  1890,  are 
much  more  applicable  to  an  annexe  library 
than  to  the  housing  of  books  in  an  ordinary 
private  dwelling.  Thus  the  arrangement  of 
the  bays  made  by  the  projections  could  not 
be  carried  out  without  extensive  structural 
alterations  in  one  house  out  of  twenty  in  the 
country,  and  not  one  house  out  of  a  thousand 
in  London.  His  ideas,  however,  are  wholly 
practicable  and  admirably  thorough  when 
applied  to  the  annexe  library.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  see  Mr.  Gladstone's  calculations 
as  to  shelf  accommodation.  They  were  dis- 
puted at  the  time  by  some  cavilling  critics, 
but  have  since  been  shown  to  be  accurate. 
Mr.  Gladstone  is  speaking^  of  the  bookcases 
round  the  walls  and  the  projecting  arms,  and 
he  says  : — '  I  will  now  exhibit  to  my  readers  the 
practical  effect  of  such  arrangement  in  bringing 
great  numbers  of  books  within  easy  reach. 
Let  each  projection  be  three  feet  long,  twelve 
inches  deep  (ample  for  two  faces  of  octavos), 
and  nine  feet  high,  so  that  the  upper  shelf 
^  Nineteenth  Century^  March,  1890. 


112  The    Private    Library. 

can  be  reached  by  the  aid  of  a  wooden  stool 
of  two  steps,  not  more  than  twenty  Inches 
high,  and  portable  without  the  least  effort  of 
a  single  hand.  I  will  suppose  the  wall-space 
available  to  be  eight  feet,  and  the  projections, 
three  in  number,  with  end  pieces,  need  only 
put  out  three  feet  five,  while  narrow  strips  of 
bookcase  will  run  up  the  wall  between  the 
projections.  Under  these  conditions,  the  book- 
cases thus  described  will  carry  about  2000 
volumes. 

•And  a  library  forty  feet  long  and  twenty 
feet  broad,  amply  lighted,  having  some  por- 
tion of  the  centre  fitted  with  very  low  book- 
cases, suited  to  serve  for  some  of  the  uses 
of  tables,  will  receive  on  the  floor  from  18,000 
to  20,000  volumes  of  all  sizes  without  losing 
the  appearance  of  a  room  ....  while  leaving 
portions  of  space  available  near  the  windows 
for  purposes  of  study.  If  a  gallery  be  added, 
there  will  be  accommodation  for  a  further 
number  of  5000,  and  the  room  need  be  no 
more  than  sixteen  feet  high.' 

This  estimate  of  shelf  accommodation 
may  be  compared  with  one  which  was  made 
by  Mr.  Justin  Winsor,  the  well-known  librarian 


The    Library    Annexe.  113 

of  the  Harvard  library.  He  says :—' The 
book  room  of  the  Roxbury  branch  of  the 
pubhc  Hbrary  of  Boston  is  fifty-three  feet 
long  by  twenty-seven  feet  wide,  and  having 
three    storeys    of  eight    feet    each    in    height 

will    hold     100,000    volumes I    doubt 

if  any    other    construction    can    produce    this 
result.'. 

The  building  at  Hawarden  cost,  I  believe, 
1000/.,  but  whether  this  is  with  fittings  or  not 
I   do    not   know.      It   is    certain   that  for  men 
whose  books  are  more   numerous   than  costly 
the  annexe  plan   is   admirable,  and    the    diffi- 
culty of  excluding  damp  where  four  walls  are 
exposed  to  the  elements  could  surely  be  over- 
come.      I    do   not    think    that    Mr.   Gladstone 
makes    any   mention    of    iron    bookcases,    but 
these  are  often  adopted,  and  have  been  made 
m    a    very    convenient    form,   particularly   that 
called  the  Radcliffe  iron  bookcase,  arranged  by 
Sir   Henry  Acland  and   Mr.  W.   Froude.     Of 
this    I    append    a   description    written    by    Sir 
Henry  Acland  himself. 

'  The  advantages  of  the  bookcase  consist 
in  Its  great  stability,  in  its  movability  and 
neatness.     It  carries  500  average  octavo  vol- 


I 


114  The    Private    Library. 

umes,  250  on  either  side;  it  is  seven  teet 
high,  and  stands  on  any  floor  space  on  forty- 
eight  inches  by  eighteen  inches.  The  cases 
may  stand  in  any  number  end  to  end,  or 
down  the  centre  of  a  passage,  or  be  placed 
so  as  to  form  squares  of  any  dimensions 
multiple  of  the  length  of  the  cases,  and  there- 
fore may  enclose  studies  lined  with  books, 
books  being  also  on  the  outside  of  the  square. 
When  the  cases  stand  end  to  end  they  need 
not  be  put  close  to  each  other,  but  may  have 
a  space  in  which  are  shelves  of  any  desired 
length.  Therefore  ten  iron  cases  placed  in  a  line, 
so  as  to  include  a  space  of  forty  inches  between 
each  two  cases,  will  carry  the  contents  of  nine- 
teen cases,  or  5000  plus  4500  volumes,  at  the 
cost  of  ten  cases,  plus  the  wooden  shelves  of 
nine.  The  iron  framework  costs  about  5/.  5^., 
and  the  wooden  shelves  about  25^.  The  iron 
portion  will  carry  only  octavos,  but  the  spaces 
as  described  above  will  carry  folios,  because, 
to  insure  stability  in  the  iron  frames,  diagonal 
ties  run  down  the  centre  and  divide  the  shelves 
into  two  portions,  viz.,  the  two  frontages  de- 
scribed above.  But  the  stability  being  ensured 
in   each    iron    case    independently,    the    inter- 


A    Librarian.  115 

mediate  shelves  in  the  spaces  may  be  of 
the  full  width  of  the  frames,  namely,  twenty 
inches.'  ^ 


A  Librarian, 

Until  we  have  more  properly  trained  librari- 
ans, it  is  useless  to  recommend  owners  of 
private  libraries  to  find  a  librarian,  because  at 
present  there  are  very  few  such  men  in  ex- 
istence who  are  properly  qualified.  A  love  of 
books  is  not  enough  in  a  librarian.  An  orderly 
mind  and  great  receptive  power  are  most 
essential.  Practical  knowledge  of  bookbinding 
and  a  sense  of  colour  are  equally  essential. 
He  must  have  no  fads  of  his  own  to  be  ever 
thrusting  forward.  If  he  is  mad  on  Geology  or 
Astronomy,  he  won't  do.  What,  above  all,  he 
must  know  are  the  sources  of  information. 

A  study  in  the  '  Lives  '  of  some  of  the  great 

librarians  would  best  show  what  is  here  meant. 

Mr.  Elton 2  names  Antonio  Maggliabecchi,  the 

jeweller's    shop-boy,    who    became    renowned 

throughout  the  world  for  his  abnormal  knowledge 

^  Library  Assoc.  Report^  1878,  p.  75. 
^  Great  Book  Collectors,  p.  74. 


ii6  The    Private    Library. 

of  books.  He  never  at  any  time  left  Florence ; 
but  he  read  every  catalogue  that  was  issued,  and 
was  in  correspondence  with  all  the  collectors  and 
librarians  of  Europe.  He  was  blessed  with  a 
prodigious  memory,  and  knew  all  the  contents 
of  a  book  by  '  hunting  it  with  his  finger,'  or 
once  turning  over  the  pages.  He  was  believed, 
moreover,  to  know  the  habitat  of  all  the  rare 
books  in  the  world  ;  and  according  to  the  well- 
known  anecdote  he  replied  to  the  Grand  Duke, 
who  asked  for  a  particular  volume  :  '  The  only 
copy  of  this  work  is  at  Constantinople,  in  the 
Sultan's  library,  the  seventh  volume  in  the 
second  bookcase,  on  the  right  as  you  go  in,' 
A  similar  story  was  told  by  Wendell  Phillips, 
the  American  statesman,  about  a  countryman 
of  his  own,  George  Sumner.  An  Englishman 
came  to  Rome  and  was  anxious  to  know 
whether  there  was  in  the  library  of  the  Pope, 
the  great  library  of  the  Vatican,  a  certain  book. 
....  The  gentleman  went  to  the  Italians  that 
used  the  library.  They  referred  him  to  the 
private  secretary  of  one  of  the  cardinals,  and 
after  a  moment's  thought  the  secretary  answered, 
*  No,  sir,  I  don't  know  ;  but  there  is  a  young 
man  in  the  city  from  Boston,  and  if  the  book  is 


A    Librarian.  117 

there  he  will  know.  They  went  to  George 
Sumner,  and  asked  him  if  there  was  such  a 
volume  in  the  library.  '  Yes,  it  is  in  the  tenth 
alcove,  the  third  shelf,  the  seventh  book  to 
your  right  as  you  enter.' 

Similar  stories,  doubtless,  could   be  told  of 
Bradshaw,  the  Cambridge  University  librarian, 
or  of  Thomas  Ruddiman  and  George  Buchanan. 
Mr.  Lloyd    P.   Smith ^   gives   the   following 
definition,  among  others,  of  the  qualifications  of 
a  librarian  :   '  Librarians,  like  editors  and  proof- 
readers, are  expected  to  know  everything ;  and 
in  one  sense  they  should  know  everything — 
that    is,  they  should    have    that    maxima  pars 
eruditionis,  which  consists    in    knowing   where 
everything  is  to  be  found.     A  librarian  should 
be  able,  of  his  own  knowledge,  to  answer  many 
questions,    and    especially    the    two   questions 
which  meet  him  at  every  turn,  "  Where  can  I 
find  such-and-such  information.-*"  and  "What 
is  the  best  work  on  such-and-such  a  subject  .-* " 
These  are  legitimate  questions,  which  it  should 
be  the  pride  of  every  librarian  to  answer  off- 
hand ....  All  the  book-learning  in  the  world, 
however,   will   be  insufficient  for  the  practical 
^  American  Library  Journal^  vol.  i.,  p.  69. 


Ii8  The    Private    Library. 

duties  of  his  place,  unless  the  librarian  has  also 
the  organ  of  order.  His  motto  should  be, 
"  A  place  for  everything  and  everything  in  its 
place. 

'  The  book  of  regulations  for  the  court  and 
household  of  Guidobaldo  I.  contains  these  rules 
for  the  administration  of  the  library : — "  The 
librarian  should  be  learned,  of  good  presence, 
temper,  and  manners,  correct,  and  ready  of 
speech.  He  must  get  from  the  gardrobe  an 
inventory  of  the  books,  and  keep  them  arranged 
and  easily  accessible,  whether  Latin,  Greek, 
Hebrew,  or  others,  maintaining  also  the  rooms 
in  good  condition.  He  must  preserve  the 
books  from  damp  and  vermin,  as  well  as  from 
the  hands  of  trifling,  ignorant,  dirty,  and  taste- 
less persons.  To  those  of  authority  and  learn- 
ing, he  ought  himself  to  exhibit  them  with  all 
facility,  courteously  explaining  their  beauty  and 
remarkable  characteristics,  the  handwriting  and 
miniatures,  but  observant  that  such  abstract  no 
leaves.  When  ignorant  or  merely  curious 
persons  wish  to  see  them,  a  glance  is  sufficient, 
if  it  be  not  some  one  of  considerable  influence. 
When  any  lock  or  other  requisite  is  needed,  he 
must  take  care  that  it  be  promptly  provided. 


The    Library.  iiq 

He  must  let  no  book  be  taken  away  but  by 
the  Duke's  orders,  and  if  lent,  must  get  a 
written  receipt,  and  see  to  its  being  returned. 
When  a  number  of  visitors  come  in,  he  must 
be  specially  watchful  that  none  be  stolen.  All 
which  is  duly  s&&n  to  by  the  present  courteous 
and  attentive  librarian,  Messer  Agabito." '  ^ 

7^^  Library  Architecturally. 

Vitruvius,  in  his  Architecture,  lays  down 
the  rule  that  libraries  ought  to  face  the  east, 
because  their  use  requires  the  morning  light, 
which  will  preserve  their  contents  from  decay  ; 
whereas,  if  the  room  should  face  the  south 
or  west,  they  are  liable  to  be  damaged  by 
damp.  Mr.  J.  W.  Clark,  the  very  learned 
historian  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  com- 
menting on  this,  says  that  the  first  of  these 
considerations  did  influence  early  builders,  but 
after  the  Reformation,  when  considerations  of 
personal  comfort  began  to  be  generally 
accepted,  the  library  could  be  placed  in  the 
position  which  commanded  the  greatest  amount 
of  warmth.  Ancient  libraries  were  never 
^  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Urbino,  p.  159. 


I20         The    Private    Library. 

placed  on  the  ground,  but  usually  on  the 
first  floor,  or  even  higher,  for  the  sake  of 
preserving  their  contents  from  the  damp  to 
which  ground  floors  are  necessarily  subject.^ 

The  architect  is  very  frequently  a  great 
enemy  to  the  library.  Underestimating  the 
amount  of  wall  space  likely  to  be  required  for 
the  housing  of  the  books,  or  placing  shelves 
and  galleries  in  such  a  position  that  the  books 
are  not  readily  got  at.  Frequently,  too,  a 
country  house  has  no  room  whatever  designed 
either  for  study  or  the  reception  of  books. 
The  entire  collection  of  books  should  be  acces- 
sible without  steps  or  ladders.  Hot-water  pipes 
should  not  approach  nearer  than  three  feet  to 
the  books.  Electric  light  is  the  best  luminant, 
but  gas  may  safely  be  used  provided  there  is 
sufficient  ventilation. 

The  walls,  which  are  towards  the  outer  air, 
and  even  the  others  also,  if  of  brick  or  stone, 
ought  to  be  battened. 

I  have  taken  from  a  very  excellent  book, 
Kerr's  Gentleman  s  House,  such  ideas  and 
notes   as   I    think   are   likely  to   be   useful   in 

1  Willis  and  Clark,  History  of  Cambridge   University^ 
vol.  ill.,  p.  416. 


The    Library.  121 

arranging  a  library  in  a  country  house.  Mr. 
Kerr  suggests  two  plans  for  a  large  country 
house  with  a  library. 

'  The  idea  which  might  first  occur   to  the 
mind   is  that  of  a  single  spacious  apartment; 
but  for  convenience  and  in  order  to  preserve 
the  domestic  character,  it    is  generally  prefer- 
able to  make  use  of  several  smaller  apartments 
as   a    Stiite  of  Libraries.     On    this   plan    the 
arrangement  which  is  perhaps  most  favourable 
to  considerations  of  utility,  and  on  the  whole 
most  characteristic,  is  to  set  out  a  given  width  of 
clear  passage  way  along  the  central  line  of  the 
rooms,  and  then  to  divide  the  space  on  each 
side  into  a  succession  of  compartments  or  bays, 
by  means  of  transverse  bookcases  in  pairs  back 
to  back ;  such  bays  being  only  large  enough  to 
accommodate   a   reading   table    with    sufficient 
space  around  for  reaching  the  books,  opening 
the  doors  of  the  cases  if  any,  and  so  on.     If  the 
rooms  be  lighted  from  the  roof,  the  lights  ought 
to  correspond  with  the  division  into  compart- 
ments, so  that  none  of  the  fronts  of  the  book- 
cases shall  be  placed  in  shadow.     If  there  be 
windows  in  the  walls,  there  ought  to  be  one  in 
each  bay  along  one  side  of  the  room  or  both 


122  The    Private    Library. 

as  may  be  desired.  Bookcases  against  the 
walls  are  obviously  most  serviceable  with  the 
ceiling  light ;  with  side  windows,  even  when 
these  are  on  a  high  level,  there  is  always  a  diffi- 
culty in  reading  the  back  lettering  under  the 
light;  and  when  the  windows  are  on  a  low 
level,  dwarf  bookcases  under  them  are  practi- 
cally of  little  use. 

'As  for  artistic  treatment,  nothing  can  be 
more  appropriate  for  the  character  of  a  library 
than  those  effects  which  are  at  the  command  of 
the  architect  in  a  suite  of  apartments  of  this 
kind,  laid  out  probably  with  some  variety  in  the 
general  forms  as  well  as  in  the  fittings,  and 
involving  perhaps  the  introduction  of  sculptures 
and  paintings  of  a  suitable  kind.  Elaborate 
effects,  however,  of  whatever  sort,  and  the 
accommodation  of  any  other  works  of  art  than 
those  whose  merits  are  kindred  to  the  character 
of  the  more  proper  contents,  ought  not  to  be 
encouraged.' 

A  second  or  alternative  plan  is  a  large 
room  with  a  gallery. 

'  As  regards  curiosities  and  other  artistic  or 
scientific  collections,  these  may  very  properly  be 
accommodated,   whether    in    upright    cases   to 


The    Library.  123 

correspond  with  the  bookcases,  or  in  cabinets 
to  take  the  place  of  the  reading-  tables. 

*  The  arrangements  proper  for  the  alterna- 
tive plan  of  a  large  single  library  are  obviously- 
simple.  A  gallery  is  probably  carried  round 
the  apartment ;  the  bookcases  extend  along 
the  wall  below  and  are  reproduced  above  ;  the 
light  comes  either  from  the  roof  or  the  upper  part 
of  the  walls ;  the  floor  area  is  generally  occupied 
solely  by  reading  tables  and  cabinets.  Objects 
of  art  and  curiosity,  when  of  large  size,  are 
more  prominently  displayed  by  this  arrange- 
ment, and  the  whole  effect  may  be  made  very 
imposing  ;  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  conveni- 
ence and  comfort  can  by  any  means  be  so 
properly  provided  for  as  in  the  other  model. 

'  There  are  questions  of  detail  which  might 
be  further  entered  upon,  but  a  reference  to 
what  has  already  been  advanced  under  the  head 
of  the  ordinary  library  will  probably  suffice.' 

In  other  parts  of  his  excellent  manual, 
Mr.  Kerr  goes  more  into  detail,  and  refers  to 
the  various  general  purposes  to  which  a 
library,  as  distinct  from  a  study,  is  put  in  a 
country  house,  as  follows  : — 

*  There  is  a  certain   standard    room  which 


124         The    Private    Library. 

constitutes  the  library  of  an  average  gentle- 
man's house,  and  the  various  gradations  by 
which  this  may  be  either  diminished  in  import- 
ance or  augmented  are  easily  understood.  It 
is  not  a  library  in  the  sole  sense  of  a  depository 
for  books.  There  is,  of  course,  the  family 
collection,  and  the  bookcases  in  which  this  is 
accommodated  form  the  chief  furniture  of  the 
apartment.  But  it  would  be  an  error,  except 
in  very  special  circumstances,  to  design  the 
library  for  mere  study.  It  is  primarily  a  sort 
of  morning-room  for  gentlemen  rather  than 
anything  else.  Their  correspondence  is  done 
here,  their  reading,  and,  in  some  measure,  their 
lounging  ;  and  the  billiard-room,  for  instance, 
is  not  unfrequently  attached  to  it.  At  the 
same  time  the  ladies  are  not  exactly  excluded. 

^  The  position  of  the  room  internally  ought 
therefore  to  be  in  immediate  connexion  with 
the  principal  dwelling  rooms,  so  as  to  be 
equally  accessible;  whilst,  on  the  other  hand, 
as  regards  external  influences,  it  ought  to  be 
kept  sufficiently  quiet  (although  this  is  very 
seldom  a  practical  problem),  to  prevent  the 
interruption  of  reading  or  writing.  In  accord- 
ance with  these  general  ideas,  and  bearing  out, 


The    Library.  125 

moreover,  the  somewhat  sober  effect  which 
bookcases  always  produce,  the  style  of  design 
and  decoration  ought  to  be,  although  not 
devoid  of  cheerfulness,  certainly  subdued  in 
character.' 

As  regards  aspect,  Mr.  Kerr  is  at  one  with 
the  old  Vitruvius  already  referred  to. 

'  It  is  not  often  easy  to  obtain  a  choice  aspect 
for   the    library,    but   whenever    this    primary 
pleasantness  can  be  had  for  it   so    much    the 
better,  and    it    certainly   ought    never    to    be 
entirely  neglected  in  this  respect.     The  reasons 
for   preferring   the   south-east    in    the    case  of 
day  rooms  generally  have  already  been  argued; 
for  a  library,  perhaps,  a  rather  more  eastward 
aspect  is  better,  so  that  the  sun  may  be  off  the 
windows  at  least  before  noon  ;  even  due  east 
might  be  preferred  by  some  persons,  the  sun- 
shine being  thus  lost  about  half-past  ten.     In 
any  case,  however,  the  morning  sun  is  to  be 
preferred  to   that  of  midday  or  afternoon.     If 
the  room  be  large  enough  end  windows  may  be 
used  to  advantage  here  as  elsewhere.     A  bay 
window  also  is  often  adopted. 

'  A  difficult  question  which  often  arises  is 
how  sufficiently  to  provide  for  persons  engaged 


126  The    Private    Library. 

in  writing  "di  front  light  from  the  left.  It  is  not 
that  a  snug  seat  by  the  fireside,  with  a  table  con- 
veniently at  hand,  and  a  left  front  light,  can  by 
any  possibility  be  provided  for  many  persons 
at  once  ;  but  it  is  very  unfortunate  when  no 
position  whatever  will  combine  these  advan- 
tages. In  a  library  especially  this  problem 
must  be  well  worked  out,  and  not  for  one 
writer  only,  but  for  several.  Ingenuity  and 
perseverance  will  accomplish  wonders,  and 
therefore,  with  the  help  of  end  light,  a  good 
library  may  be  expected  in  this  respect  to  be 
brought  very  near  perfection. 

*  The  fireplace  ought  to  be  placed  so  as  to 
make  a  good  winter  fireside,  because  this  is  in 
a  measure  a  sitting-room. 

*  Intercommunication  is  frequently  made  with 
the  drawing-room,  and  sometimes  intimately, 
and  this  carries  with  it,  no  doubt,  a  certain 
sort  of  convenience,  because  the  two  rooms 
can  be  thrown  together  occasionally  ;  but  it  is  a 
question  whether,  in  a  good  house,  and  looking 
at  such  a  question  broadly,  it  is  not,  on  the  whole, 
a  serious  loss  to  both  rooms  as  regards  their  more 
proper  purposes.  A  door  to  the  dining-room 
is  not  formally  advisable,  nor  even  one  to  the 


The    Library.  127 

gentleman's  room,  although  both  these  arrange- 
ments are  to  be  met  with,  and  are  occasionally- 
convenient.  A  communication  with  the  bil- 
liard-room, sometimes  made,  may  give  the 
library  too  completely  the  character  of  a 
lounge,  so  as  to  render  it  somewhat  unfit  for 
its  better  purposes.  When  the  library  of 
a  small  house  is  used  as  a  study,  by  a 
clergyman,  for  instance,  or  as  the  business 
room,  a  door  to  the  dining-room  may  be  so 
useful  as  to  be  specially  admissible,  the  dining- 
room  being  thus  brought  to  serve  as  a  waiting- 
room  for  the  occasion.  The  interposition,  if 
possible,  of  a  lobby  or  small  ante-room  will, 
however,  be  an  aid  to  propriety  in  almost  all 
these  cases. 

'It  is  to  be  observed  that  we  have  been 
hitherto  dealing  with  the  ordinary  library  of 
an  average  house  and  no  more  ;  but  when  the 
owner  is  a  man  of  learninor  we  must  either  add 
a  study  or  constitute  the  library  itself  one.  In 
the  latter  case,  in  order  to  prevent  disturbance, 
the  door  will  be  more  conveniently  placed,  not 
in  the  main  corridor,  but  indirectly  connected 
therewith.  No  door  of  intercommunication 
ought  to  connect  it  with  any  other  room  (except 


128  The    Private    Library. 

possibly  the  gentleman's  room),  and  the  posi- 
tion externally  ought  to  be  more  than  ordi- 
narily secluded.  Double  doors  also  may  be 
required.  In  short,  the  library,  which  has 
hitherto  been  a  public  room  and  somewhat  of 
a  lounge,  becomes  now  essentially  a  private 
retreat. 

'  When  the  books  form  a  large  collection^ 
and  strangers,  perhaps,  are  occasionally  ad- 
mitted for  reading  or  reference,  the  library 
necessarily  assumes  more  extensive  proportions, 
and  its  arrangements  become  more  complicated. 
For  example,  heating  apparatus  becomes  very 
possibly  indispensable ;  the  question  comes  up 
of  ceiling  lights;  the  apartments  are  probably 
carried  up  to  the  height  of  two  storeys,  and 
galleries  formed  around.  Seclusion  becomes 
again  still  more  a  point  to  be  considered. 

'  The  library  of  the  house  should  also  be  as 
comfortable  as  possible,  with  broad  easy 
chairs,  low  centre  table  for  books  and  perio- 
dicals, a  large  pedestal  desk  with  circular 
revolving  top,  to  shut  up  all  papers  and 
keep  them  free  from  dust.  This  kind  of 
desk  I  consider  invaluable  to  any  man  who 
really  uses  his  library  as  a  work-room,  whether 


The    Library.  129 

it  be  for  real  literary  work  and  study,  or 
for  the  ordinary  examination  and  arrangement 
of  household  accounts ;  for  it  is  quite  im- 
possible, on  an  ordinary  writing  table,  to 
keep  papers  clean  or  tidy,  and  this  circular- 
headed  desk  shuts  down  at  once  papers  as 
they  lie,  which  then  cannot  be  "tidied"  by 
the  housemaid,  who  would  seem  to  take  a 
pleasure  in  putting  away  papers  and  notes 
in  all  kinds  of  out-of-the-way  corners ;  the 
desk  should  have  plenty  of  drawers  and 
pigeon-holes ;  these  latter,  not  as  many  of 
them  are,  an  inch  too  narrow  or  two  inches 
too  wide  for  ordinary  letters,  but  all  made  for 
the  objects  for  which  they  are  intended.  It 
may  seem  absurd  to  say — think  carefully  of 
the  use  to  which  the  drawers  are  to  be  put 
— but  how  often  are  they  practically  useless 
or  wasteful  of  precious  room,  by  being  made 
shallower  or  deeper  than  is  required.  The 
room  should  be  surrounded  with  bookcases, 
the  lower  portion  made  to  take  large  books, 
and  with  some  part  of  it  covered  in  with 
cupboard  fronts,  with  shelving  inside  to  file 
away  periodicals  and  papers ;  the  shelf  which 
this   lower  projection  forms  will  do  admirably 

K 


130  The    Private    Library. 

for  the  arrangement  of  ornaments,  small  busts. 
or  other  personal  things,  with  which  a  man 
crowds  the  room  he  really  lives  in  ;  of  course, 
I  am  speaking  to  those  who  make  a  den 
or  workinor-room  of  their  libran'.  and  not 
to  those  who  fit  a  back  room  up  with 
various  tiers  of  shelvinof.  on  which  are  arranofed 
a  libran,-  of  books  which  are  seldom  looked 
at.  and  where  the  room  is  only  occasionally 
used,  and  that  only  for  the  purpose  of  a  cloak- 
room on  grand  occasions.  Above  this  lower 
nest  of  cupboards  and  shelving  should  be 
shelving  arranged  for  various  sizes  of  books, 
part  carried  up  all  round  the  room,  so  as 
to  be  within  easy  reach ;  the  top  of  these 
will  be  found  useful  for  china  or  busts,  or 
other  objects  of  art,  while  the  centre  p)ortions 
may  be  carried  up  to  the  ceiling  to  give 
greater  accommodation;  all  these  breaks  will 
take  away  from  the  stiffness  of  the  room, 
and.  if  properly  arranged,  will  all  assist  in 
making  the  library  a  room  pleasant  to  work 
or  play  in.  All  this  kind  of  work  can  be 
made  of  plain  deal,  stained  and  polished, 
and  is  infinitely  cheaper  than  the  elaborate 
movable     cases    of    wainscot    or    walnut,    in 


The    Library.  131 

which  the  aim  of  the  designer  seems  often 
to  make  the  frame-work  as  expensive  as 
possible,  whereas,  in  truth,  the  books  within 
are  really  what  should  be  thought  of  and 
cared  for. 

'  The  floor  should  be  painted  or  stained 
and  varnished  all  over,  so  as  to  be  easily- 
cleaned  and  dusted,  and  everything  that  is 
likely  to  permanently  hold  dust  should  be 
avoided.  On  the  floor,  thus  painted,  a  few 
cheap  Indian  or  other  rugs  may  be  laid  about 
in  places  where  most  necessar}*  and  useful. 

'  Too  much  trouble  cannot  be  taken  to 
make  the  libran*  a  pleasant  room  to  Hve  in  ; 
it  should  have  ever\-thing  arranged  and  adapted 
for  use  and  comfort,  and  not  be  stift"  and  dreary 
with  any  set  arrangement.  The  panels  of 
the  cupboard  doors  may  be  filled  in  with 
Japanese  lacquer-work  or  painted  decoration, 
and  here  and  there,  in  the  recesses,  nests 
of  shelves  may  be  fitted  with  projecting 
brackets,  designed  as  part  of  them,  for 
pieces  of  china,  vases  of  flowers,  or  busts, 
and  not  looking  like  bats  stuck  on  to  a 
bam  door. 

'  I  must  not  omit  to  say  that  in  the  lower 


132  The    Private    Library. 

portion  of  the  bookcase  should  be  arranged 
drawers — not  carried  down  to  the  floor,  for 
these  are  inconvenient — for  use  for  prints 
and   valuable   photographs   and   sketches. 

'The  library  should  be  essentially  home- 
like, with  the  wall-space  fitted  up  as  con- 
veniently as  possible ;  on  the  top  of  the 
bookcases  or  nests  of  shelves,  spring  roller- 
blinds  might  be  easily  arranged  in  the  cornices 
to  draw  down  at  night  or  other  times,  and 
fasten  with  clips  to  protect  and  preserve  the 
books,  &c.,  within  them. 

'  I  might  offer  many  other  suggestions  for 
the  decoration  and  furniture  of  the  rooms  I 
have  specially  referred  to.  I  trust  those  I 
have  made  will  be  of  some  practical  use, 
and  that,  above  all,  you  will  believe  that 
my  aim  throughout  has  been  to  avoid  all 
dogmatic  and  set  rules  of  fashion  or  design, 
and  to  insist  only  that  truth  and  beauty  of 
form  and  colour,  combined  with  fitness  and 
common  sense,  are  the  main  elements  of  all 
true  artistic  treatment  in  decoration  and  fur- 
niture of  modern  houses.'^ 

^  Edis,  Decoration  and  Furniture  of  Town  Houses^ 
pp.   188-191. 


Munificent    Book-buying.      133 


Munificent  Book-buying. 

Nordau  has  estimated  that,  in  England 
alone,  there  are  from  eight  hundred  to  a  thou- 
sand millionaires,  and  in  Europe  altogether, 
there  are  at  least  a  hundred  thousand  persons 
with  fortunes  of  a  million  and  even  more.  One 
could  hope  that  it  might  be  considered  a  kind- 
ness now  and  then  to  remind  some  of  these 
millionaires  of  certain  openings  for  their  money 
which  do  not,  so  far,  seem  to  have  occurred  to 
them.  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw  not  long  since 
pointed  out  in  the  Contemporary  Review  an 
opening  whereby  an  Economic  Library  might  be 
established,  and  do  great  lasting  honour  to  a 
possible  founder.  Rich  men  can  always  be 
found  to  vie  with  one  another  in  lavish  expendi- 
ture over  a  ball  or  a  wedding.  Thousands  of 
pounds  go  for  a  racehorse  and  for  stable 
management  generally,  and  the  amount  we 
spend  upon  sports  annually  is  38,000,000/.,  or 
about  a  pound  per  head  of  the  population. 
One  hardly  likes  to  say  that  any  sum  spent 
upon  sport  and  outdoor  life  is   too  much,  but 


134         The    Private    Library. 

yet  this  sum  is  out  of  proportion.  One  is 
jealous  of  horses  and  sport,  not  so  much 
perhaps  for  the  amount  spent  upon  them  as 
much  as  because  one  sees  that  the  man  who 
hunts  and  has  racehorses,  cares  and  knows  about 
these  things  to  the  extermination  of  all  other 
interests.  Life  becomes  ill  balanced,  whereas  it 
is  necessary  to  touch  life  at  many  points.  *  The 
strenuous  scholar  pure  and  simple,'  is  becoming 
more  rare,  though  the  type  of  which  the  late 
Mark  Pattison  was  one  will  never  quite  die 
out.  But  it  is  not  the  strenuous  scholar  that 
one  is  so  anxious  to  perpetuate,  as  it  is  the 
strenuous  and  scholarly  man  of  affairs  and 
men  of  trained  ability  who  have  mental  muscle 
for  parliamentary  work  and  social  problems. 
Such  a  class  ought  to  have  many  recruits 
from  among  the  wealthier  families. 

It  would  assist  very  much  towards  this  end 
if  men  of  aptitude  were  properly  trained  to  act 
as  custodians  of  books  in  private  houses.  The 
art  of  knowing  how  to  use  books  is  one  which 
must  be  learnt,  and  when  properly  learnt  there 
is  very  little  indeed  that  may  not  be  readily 
found  to  hand  in  a  library  of  but  small  dimen- 
sions. 


Munificent    Book-buying.      135 

There  are,  I  believe,  in  England  twenty- 
two  packs  of  staghounds,  and  182  packs  of 
foxhounds.  As  every  one  of  the  masters  of 
these  packs  must  be  a  rich  man,  I  should 
like  to  know  that  he  at  any  rate  had  a  sound 
copy  of  the  History  of  the  county  where  he 
hunts ;  that  he  had  in  his  smoking  room  a 
good  Encyclopaedia,  with  fifty  other  good 
reference  books,  and   a  hundred  good   novels. 

The  rich  men  of  old  combined  patronage 
of  learning  with  the  pomp  and  splendour  of 
their  lives.  Lucullus  distinguished  himself  by 
his  vast  collection  of  books,  and  the  liberal 
access  he  allowed  to  lovers  of  books.  '  It 
was  a  library,'  says  Plutarch,  '  whose  walls, 
galleries  and  cabinets  were  open  to  all  visitors  ; 
and  the  ingenious  youths,  when  at  leisure, 
resorted  to  this  abode  of  the  Muses,  to  hold 
literary  conversations,  in  which  Lucullus  him- 
self loved  to  join.'  The  Emperor  Augustus 
was  himself  an  author  and  a  book  lover,  and 
called  one  of  his  libraries  by  the  name  of 
his  sister,  Octavia,  and  the  other  the  temple 
of  Apollo.  Tiberius  had  a  library,  and  Trajan 
also,  and  these  spent  constantly  upon  their 
books  and  the  housing  of  them. 


136         The    Private    Library. 

I  have  taken  from  Renaissance  history 
pictures  of  several  men  who  might  be  taken 
as  types  which  should  exist  in  every  highly 
civilised  country.  They  have  been  vividly  and 
admirably  pictured  by  biographers,  and  one  can 
only  hope  that  the  rich  men  of  to-day  may  in 
five  hundred  years'  time  have  as  lasting  repu- 
tations as  that  of  Cosimo,  the  princely  patron 
of  learning,  and  Niccolo,  the  man  of  scholar- 
ship and  refinement  of  life. 


PASSAGES    ILLUSTRATIVE    OF    THE 
FOREGOING. 

The  Medici   and  their  Friends, 

'The  chief  benefit  conferred  by  Cosimo  de'  Medici 
on  learning  was  the  accumulation  and  the  housing 
of  large  libraries.  During  his  exile  he  built  the 
library  of  S.  Giorgio  Maggiore  at  Venice,  and 
after  his  return  to  Florence  he  formed  three 
separate  collections  of  MSS.  While  the  hall 
of  the  Library  of  S.  Marco  was  in  process  of 
construction,  Niccolo  de'  Niccoli  died,  in  1437, 
bequeathing  his  800  MSS.,  valued  at  6000  golden 
florins,  to  sixteen  trustees.  Among  these  were 
Cosimo  and  Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  Ambrogio  Traver- 
sari,  Lionardo  Bruni,  Carlo  Marsuppini,  Poggio 
Bracciolini,  Giannozzo  Manetti,  and  Franco  Sachetti. 
At  the  same  time  the  estate  of  Niccolo  was  com- 
promised by  heavy  debts.  These  debts  Cosimo 
cancelled,  obtaining  in  exchange  the  right  to  dispose 
of  the  library.  In  1441  the  hall  of  the  convent  was 
finished.  Four  hundred  of  Niccolo's  MSS.  were 
placed  there,  with  this  inscription  upon  each  :  Ex 
hercditate  doctissimi  viri  Nicola  de  Nicolis  de  Florentid. 
Tommasso  Parentucelli  made  a  catalogue  at  Cosimo's 


138         The    Private    Library. 

request,  in  which  he  not  only  noted  the  titles  of 
Niccoli's  books,  but  also  marked  the  names  of  others 
wanting  to  complete  the  collection.  This  catalogue 
afterwards  served  as  a  guide  to  the  founders  of  the 
libraries  of  Fiesole,  Urbino,  and  Pesaro,  and  was, 
says  Vespasiano,  indispensable  to  book-collectors. 
Of  the  remaining  400  volumes  Cosimo  kept  some 
for  his  own  (the  Medicean)  library,  and  some  he  gave 
to  his  friends.  At  the  same  time  he  spared  no  pains 
to  buy  codices,  while  Vespasiano  and  Fra  Giuliano 
Lapaccini  were  employed  in  copying  rare  MSS. 
As  soon  as  Cosimo  had  finished  building  the 
Abbey  of  Fiesole,  he  set  about  providing  this  also 
with  a  library  suited  to  the  wants  of  learned  eccle- 
siastics. Of  the  method  he  pursued,  Vespasiano, 
who  acted  as  his  agent,  has  transmitted  the  following 
account : — "  One  day  when  I  was  in  his  room,  he  said 
to  me,  'What  plan  can  you  recommend  for  the 
formation  of  this  library .-' '  I  answered  that  to  buy 
the  books  would  be  impossible,  since  they  could  not 
be  purchased.  'What,  then,  do  you  propose.?'  he 
added.  I  told  him  that  they  must  be  copied.  He 
then  asked  if  I  would  undertake  the  business.  I 
replied  that  I  was  willing.  He  bade  me  begin  at 
my  leisure,  saying  that  he  left  all  to  me  ;  and  for  the 
monies  wanted  day  by  day,  he  ordered  that  Don 
Arcangelo,  at  that  time  prior  of  the  monastery, 
should  draw  cheques  upon  his  bank,  which  should 
be  honoured.  After  beginning  the  collection,  since 
it  was  his  will  that  it  should  be  finished  with  all  speed 
possible,  and  money  was  not  lacking,  I  soon  engaged 
forty-five  copyists,  and  in  twenty-two  months  pro- 


Illustrative    Passages.  139 

vided  two  hundred  volumes,  following  the  admirable 
list  furnished  by  Pope  Nicholas  V." '  ^ 

*  Cosimo's  zeal  for  learning  was  not  confined  to  the 
building  of  libraries  or  to  book  collecting.  His 
palace  formed  the  centre  of  a  literary  and  philoso- 
phical Society,  which  united  all  the  wits  of  Florence 
and  the  visitors  who  crowded  to  the  capital  of 
culture.  Vespasiano  states  that  "  he  was  always  the 
father  and  benefactor  of  those  who  showed  any 
excellence."  Distinguished  by  versatility  of  tastes 
and  comprehensive  intellect,  he  formed  his  own 
opinion  of  the  men  of  eminence  with  whom  he  came 
in  contact,  and  conversed  with  each  upon  his  special 
subject.  When  giving  audience  to  the  scholars,  he 
discoursed  concerning  letters  ;  in  the  company  of 
theologians  he  showed  his  acquaintance  with  theology, 
a  branch  of  learning  always  studied  by  him  with 
delight.  So  also  with  regard  to  philosophy. 
Astrologers  found  him  well  versed  in  their  science, 
for  he  somewhat  lent  faith  to  astrology,  and  employed 
it  on  certain  private  occasions.  Musicians  in  like 
manner  perceived  his  mastery  of  music,  wherein  he 
much  delighted.  The  same  was  true  about  sculpture 
and  painting :  both  of  these  arts  he  understood  com- 
pletely, and  showed  great  favour  to  all  worthy 
craftsmen.  In  architecture  he  was  a  consummate 
judge,  for  without  his  opinion  and  advice  no  building 
was  begun  or  carried  to  completion.'  ^ 

^  Symonds,  The  Revival  of  Learnings  pp.  174,  175. 
2  Ibid.^  pp.  172-7. 


140         The    Private    Library. 

'  Never  was  there  a  time  in  the  world's  history 
when  money  was  spent  more  freely  upon  the  collec- 
tion and  preservation  of  MSS.  and  when  a  more 
complete  machinery  was  put  in  motion  for  the 
sake  of  securing  literary  treasures.  Prince  vied  with 
prince,  and  eminent  burgher  with  burgher,  in  buying 
books.  The  commercial  correspondents  of  the 
Medici  and  other  great  Florentine  houses,  whose 
banks  and  discount  offices  extended  over  Europe 
and  the  Levant,  were  instructed  to  purchase  relics 
of  antiquity  without  regard  for  cost,  and  to  forward 
them  to  Florence.  The  most  acceptable  present 
that  could  be  sent  to  a  king  was  a  copy  of  a 
Roman  Historian.'^ 

'  Among  the  friends  of  Cosimo,  to  whose  personal 
influences  at  Florence  the  Revival  of  Learning  owed 
a  vigorous  impulse,  Niccolo  de'   Niccoli  claims  our 

attention His  judgment   in    matters  of  style 

was  so  highly  valued  that  it  was  usual  for  scholars  to 
submit  their  essays  to  his  eyes  before  they  ventured 

upon   publication Notwithstanding    his    fine 

sense  of  language,  Niccolo  never  appeared  before 
the  world  of  letters  as  an  author.  .  .  .  Certainly  his 
reserve  in  an  age  noteworthy  for  display  has  tended 
to  confer  on  him  distinction.  The  position  he 
occupied  at  Florence  was  that  of  a  literary  dictator. 
All  who  needed  his  assistance  and  advice  were 
received  with  urbanity.  He  threw  his  house  open  to 
young  men  of  parts,  engaged  in  disputations  with  the 
curious,  and  provided  the  ill-educated  with  teachers. 

^  Symonds,  Revival  of  Learnings  pp.  139,  140. 


Illustrative    Passages.  141 

Foreigners  from  all  parts  of  Europe  paid  him  visits. 
The  strangers  who  came  to  Florence  at  that  time,  if 
they  missed  the  opportunity  of  seeing  him  at  home, 
thought  they  had  not  been  in  Florence.  The  house 
where  he  lived  was  worthy  of  his  refined  taste  and 
cultivated  judgment,  for  he  had  formed  a  museum  of 
antiquities — inscriptions,  marbles,  coins,  vases,  and 
engraved  gems.  There  he  not  only  received  students 
and  strangers,  but  conversed  with  sculptors  and 
painters,  discussing  their  inventions  as   freely  as  he 

criticised  the  essays  of  the  scholars Vespasiano's 

account  of  his  personal  habits  presents  so  vivid  a 
picture  that  I  cannot  refrain  from  translating  it  at 
length  : — "  First  of  all,  he  was  of  a  most  fair  presence  ; 
lively,  for  a  smile  was  ever  on  his  lips,  and  very 
pleasant  in  his  talk.  He  wore  clothes  of  the  fairest 
crimson  cloth,  down  to  the  ground.  He  never 
married,  in  order  that  he  might  not  be  impeded  in  his 
studies.  A  housekeeper  provided  for  his  daily  needs. 
He  was,  above  all  men,  the  most  cleanly  in  eating,  as 
also  in  all  other  things.  When  he  sat  at  table,  he  ate 
from  fair  antique  vases,  and,  in  like  manner,  all  his 
table  was  covered  with  porcelain  and  other  vessels  of 
great  beauty.  The  cup  from  which  he  drank  was  of 
crystal,  or  of  some  other  precious  stone.  To  see  him 
at  table — a  perfect  model  of  the  men  of  old — was  of  a 
truth  a  charming  sight.  He  always  willed  that  the 
napkins  set  before  him  should  be  of  the  whitest,  as 
well  as  all  the  linen."  ....  What  distinguished 
Niccolo  was  the  combination  of  refinement  and 
humane  breeding  with  open-handed  generosity  and 
devotion  to  the  cause  of  culture.     He  knew  how  to 


142         The    Private    Library. 

bring   forward  men  of  promise  and    place  them  in 
positions  of  eminence.'  ^ 

'  Lorenzo  attracted  to  his  villa  the  greatest 
scholars  and  most  brilliant  men  of  the  time,  a 
circle  which  included  Poliziano,  Landino,  Ficino, 
Pico  della  Mirandola,  Alberti,  Pulci,  and  Michael 
Angelo.  The  interests  of  this  circle,  as  of  all  similar 
Italian  circles  of  the  time,  were  largely  absorbed  in 
the  philosophy  and  literature  of  Greece,  and  special 
attention  was  devoted  to  the  teachings  of  Plato. 
Plato's  writings  were  translated  into  Latin  by  Ficino, 
and  the  translation  was  printed  in  1482,  at  the  cost  of 
Filippo  Valvio.  Ficino  was  too  poor  himself  to 
undertake  the  publication  of  his  works,  and  this  was 
the  case  with  not  a  few  of  the  distinguished  authors 
of  the  age.  The  presentation  of  books  to  the  public 
required  at  this  time  what  might  be  called  the  endow- 
ment of  literature,  and  endowment  which  was  sup- 
plied by  the  liberality  of  wealthy  patrons  possessed  of 
literary  appreciation  or  public-spirited  ambition,  or  of 
both.  As  Symonds  expresses  it,  "  Great  literary 
undertakings  involved  in  that  century  the  substantial 
assistance  of  wealthy  men,  whose  liberality  was 
rewarded  by  a  notice  in  the  colophon  or  in  the 
title-page."  The  formal  dedication  was  an  invention 
of  a  somewhat  later  date.'  ^ 

*  Of  Palla  degli  Strozzi's  services  in  the  cause  of 
Greek  learning  I  have  already  spoken.     Beside  the 

^  Symonds,  Revival  of  Learning,  pp.  180-2. 

*  Putnam,  Books  and  their  Makers^  vol.  i.,  p.  338 


Illustrative    Passages.  143 

invitation  which  he  caused  to  be  sent  to  Manuel 
Chrysoloras,  he  employed  his  wealth  and  influence  in 
providing  books  necessary  for  the  prosecution  of 
Hellenic  studies.  "Messer  Palla,"  says  Vespasiano, 
"  sent  to  Greece  for  countless  volumes,  all  at  his  own 
cost.  The  Cosmography  of  Ptolemy,  together  with  the 
picture  made  to  illustrate  it,  the  Lives  of  Plutarch, 
the  works  of  Plato,  and  very  many  other  writings 
of  philosophers,  he  got  from  Constantinople,  The 
Politics  of  Aristotle  were  not  in  Italy  until  Messer 
Palla  sent  for  them  ;  and  when  Messer  Lionardo  of 
Arezzo  translated  them,  he  had  the  copy  from  his 
hands."  In  the  same  spirit  of  practical  generosity 
Palla  degli  Strozzi  devoted  his  leisure  and  his 
energies  to  the  improvement  of  the  studio  pubblico 
at  Florence,  giving  it  that  character  of  humane  culture 
which  it  retained  throughout  the  age  of  the  Renais- 
sance. To  him,  again,  belongs  the  glory  of  having  first 
collected  books  for  the  express  purpose  of  founding 
a  public  library.  This  project  had  occupied  the  mind 
of  Petrarch,  and  its  utility  had  been  recognised  by 
Coluccio  de'  Salutati,  but  no  one  had  as  yet  arisen 
to  accomplish  it.  "  Being  passionately  fond  of 
literature,  Messer  Palla  always  kept  copyists  in  his 
own  house  and  outside  it,  of  the  best  who  were  in 
Florence,  both  for  Greek  and  Latin  books;  and  all 
the  books  he  could  find  he  purchased,  on  all  subjects, 
being  minded  to  found  a  most  noble  library  in  Santa 
Trinita,  and  to  erect  there  a  most  beautiful  building 
for  the  purpose.  He  wished  that  it  should  be  open 
to  the  public,  and  he  chose  Santa  Trinita  because  it 
was  in  the  centre  of  Florence,  a  site  of  great  con- 


144  The    Private    Library. 

venience  to  everybody.  His  disasters  supervened, 
and  what  he  had  designed  he  could  not  execute." '  ^ 

'  Cosimo  used  to  regret  that  "  he  had  not  begun  to 
spend  money  upon  public  works  ten  years  earlier 
than  he  did."  Every  costly  building  that  bore  his 
name,  each  library  he  opened  to  the  public,  and  all 
the  donations  lavished  upon  scholars,  served  the 
double  purpose  of  cementing  the  despotism  of  his 
house  and  of  gratifying  his  personal  enthusiasm  for 

culture Of  his  generosity  to  men  of  letters,  the 

most  striking  details  are  recorded.  When  Niccolo 
de'  Niccoli  ruined  himself,  Cosimo  opened  for  him  an 
unlimited  credit  with  the  Medicean  bank.'  ^ 

The  Dukes  of  U rhino. 

'Mr.  Roscoe  has  observed  that  "by  no  circum- 
stance in  the  character  of  an  individual  is  the  love  of 
literature  so  strongly  evinced  as  by  the  propensity  for 
collecting  together  the  writings  of  illustrious  scholars, 
and  compressing  the  *  soul  of  ages  past '  within  the 
narrow  limits  of  a  library."  But  it  is  not  easy  now  to 
appreciate  the  obstacles  attending  such  a  pursuit  in 
the  age  of  Federigo.  The  science  of  bibliography  can 
scarcely  be  said  to  have  existed  before  the  invention 
of  printing,  in  consequence  of  the  extreme  difficulty 
of  becoming  acquainted  with  works  of  which  there 
were  but  few  copies,  and  these  widely  scattered, 
perhaps  scarcely  known.     Great  outlay  was  required, 

^  Symonds,  Revival  of  Learning^  p.  167. 
^  Ibid.,  pp.  172-3. 


Illustrative    Passages.  145 

either  to  search  out  or  transcribe  manuscripts,  and 
even  the  laborious  habits  which  then  accompanied 
learning  shrank  from  a  task  so  beset  by  obstructions. 
Yet  there  was  a  bright  exception  in  Thomas  of 
Saranza,  whose  learning  supplied  the  knowledge,  and 
whose  elevation  to  the  triple  tiara  as  Nicholas  V.  pro- 
cured him  the  opportunities  necessary  for  amassing  a 
library.  Not  only  did  he  found  that  of  the  Vatican, 
but  he  prepared  for  Cosimo,  Pater  patrie,  a  list  of 
authors  for  the  infant  collection  of  S.  Marco,  at 
Florence,  which,  being  recognised  as  a  standard 
catalogue,  was  adopted  by  Count  Federigo.  The 
longer  life  allowed  to  the  latter  enabled  him  to 
outstrip  these  bibliomaniacs,  and  all  contemporary 
accumulators,  until  the  fame  of  his  library  stood 
unrivalled.  Accordingly  Ruscelli,  in  his  Imprese 
Illustri,  avers  it  to  be  "notorious  that  the  earliest 
and  most  famous  collection  formed  out  of  the  ruins 
of  antiquity  was  that  of  Urbino,  from  whence  many 
excellent  authors  were  edited,  and  copies  supplied." '^ 

'  In  no  respect  did  he  look  to  expense  ;  and  when- 
ever he  learned  the  existence  of  any  desirable  book  in 
Italy,  or  abroad,  he  sent  for  it  without  heeding  the 
cost.  His  librarian,  Vespasiano,  wrote,  "  It  is  now 
above  fourteen  years  since  he  began  to  make  this 
collection,  and  he  has  ever  since  at  Urbino,  Florence, 
and  elsewhere,  thirty-four  transcribers,  and  has 
resorted  to  every  means  requisite  for  amassing  a 
famous  and  excellent  library." '2 

^  Dennistoun,  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Urbino,  vol.  !.,  p.  155. 
"^  Ibid.,  vol.  i.,  pp.  156-7. 


146  The    Private    Library. 

'To  the  right  and  left  of  the  carriage  entrance 
into  the  great  courtyard,  are  two  handsome  saloons, 
each  about  forty-five  feet  by  twenty-two,  and  twenty- 
three  in  height.  That  on  the  left  contained  the 
famous  library  of  manuscripts  collected  by  Count 
Federigo  ;  the  corresponding  one  received  the  printed 
books,  which,  gradually  purchased  by  successive 
dukes,  became  under  the  last  sovereign,  a  copious 
collection.  Baldi,  in  his  description  of  the  palace, 
printed  in  Bianchini's  work,  dwells  on  the  judicious 
adaptation  of  the  former,  its  windows  set  high  against 
the  northern  sky,  admitting  a  subdued  and  steady 
light  which  invited  to  study ;  its  air  cool  in  summer, 
temperate  in  winter  ;  its  walls  conveniently  shelved  ; 
the  character  and  objects  of  the  place  fittingly  set 
forth  in  a  series  of  rude  hexameters  inscribed  on  the 
cornices.  Adjoining  was  a  closet  fitted  up  with 
inlaid  and  gilded  panelling,  beneath  which  Timoteo 
della  Vite,  a  painter  whose  excellence  we  shall  attest 
in  our  thirtieth  chapter,  depicted  Minerva  with  her 
aegis,  Apollo  with  his  lyre,  and  the  nine  muses  with 
their  appropriate  symbols.  A  similar  small  study 
was  fitted  up  immediately  over  this  one,  set  round 
with  arm-chairs  encircling  a  table,  all  mosaicked  with 
tarsia,  and  carved  by  Maestro  Giacomo  of  Florence, 
while  on  each  compartment  of  the  panelling  was  the 
portrait  of  some  famous  author,  and  an  appropriate 
distich.  One  other  article  of  furniture  deserves 
special  notice — a  magnificent  eagle  of  gilt  bronze, 
serving  as  a  lectern  in  the  centre  of  the  manuscript 
room.  It  was  carried  to  Rome  at  the  devolution  of 
the  duchy  to  the  Holy  See,  but  was  rescued  by  Pope 


Illustrative    Passages.  147 

Clement  XI.  from  the  Vatican  library,  and  restored 
to  his  native  town,  where  it  has  long  been  used  in  the 
choir  of  the  cathedral.'  ^ 

'  Of  Francesco  Maria's  literary  pursuits  we  have 
various  pleasing  memorials.     Not  satisfied  with  the 
valuable  library  of  MSS.  that  had  descended  to  him 
from   the    Feltrian    dukes,   he    formed    another    of 
standard   printed   works.      Indeed,   he    became    an 
assiduous   book  -  collector  ;    and   the    letters   of  his 
librarian,    Benedetto    Benedetti,    in    the   Oliveriana 
Library,  are  full  of  lists  which  his  agents  in  Venice, 
Florence,  and  even  Frankfort  are  urged  to  supply. 
In   his   own    voluminous    correspondence,   we    find 
constant  offers  from  authors  of  dedications  or  copies 
of  their  productions,  the  tone  of  which  is  highly  com- 
plimentary to   his    taste   for  letters.      In   1603,  the 
Archbishop   of  Monreale,   in    Spain,  transmits   him 
the   regulations    he    proposed   to    prescribe   in    be- 
queathing his  library  to  a  seminary  he  had  founded 
in   his  diocese,  expressing  a  hope  that  they  might 
prove  useful  to  the  Duke's  collection,  "  at  this  moment 
without  parallel  in  the  world."     Instead  of  quoting 
the  vague  testimony  of  courtly  compliment,  as  to  the 
use  which  this  philosophic  Prince  made  of  these  ac- 
quisitions, let  us  cite  the  brief  records  of  his  studies, 
preserved  in  his  own  Diary.     In  1585,  "terminated 
an   inspection   of  the   whole  works  of  Aristotle,  on 
which  I  have    laboured  no   less  than   fifteen  years, 
having  had  them  generally  read  to  me  by  Maestro 
Cesare  Benedetti,  of  Pesaro.'"^ 

^  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Urbino,  vol.  i.,  pp.  1 53-5. 
^Ibid.,  vol.  i.,  p.  154. 


148  The    Private    Library. 

*  Francesco  di  Giorgio,  in  his  Treatise  on  Archi- 
tecture, mentions  Duke  Federigo  as  holding  out 
inducements  for  the  learned  men  at  his  court  to 
illustrate  the  works  of  classic  authors  on  architecture 
and  sculpture.  But  no  testimony  to  his  literary  habits 
can  be  more  satisfactory  than  that  of  his  librarian, 
Vespasiano,  to  the  following  purpose.  The  Duke 
was  a  ready  Latin  scholar,  and  extremely  fond  of 
ancient  history.  As  a  logician  he  had  attained  con- 
siderable aptitude,  having  studied  Aristotle's  Ethics 
along  with  Maestro  Lazzaro,  a  famous  theologian, 
who  became  Bishop  of  Urbino,  discussing  with  him 
the  most  intricate  passages.  By  the  like  process  he 
mastered  the  Stagirite's  politics,  physics,  and  other 
treatises  ;  and  having  acquired  more  philosophy  than 
any  contemporary  prince,  his  thirst  for  new  sources  of 
knowledge  induced  him  to  devote  himself  to  theology 
with  equal  zeal.  The  principal  works  of  St.  Thomas 
Aquinas  and  Duns  Scotus  were  habitually  read  to 
him ;  he  preferred  the  former  as  more  clear,  but 
admitted  that  the  latter  displayed  more  subtlety  in 
argument.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  Bible, 
as  well  as  the  commentaries  of  Saints  Ambrose, 
Jerome,  Augustine,  and  Gregory;  also  with  the  writings 
of  the  Greek  fathers,  such  as  Saints  Basil,  Chrysos- 
tom,  Gregory  Naziazen,  Nicetas,  Athanasius,  and 
Cyril.  Among  the  classic  authors  whom  he  was  in 
the  habit  of  reading  or  listening  to  were  Livy, 
Sallust,  Quintus  Curtius,  Justin,  Caesar,  Plutarch, 
^lius  Spartianus,  .^mylius  Protus,  Tacitus, 
Suetonius,  Eusebius.  All  men  of  letters  visiting 
Urbino    were    hospitably    entertained,    and   several 


Illustrative    Passages.  149 

were  always  attached  to  his  court.  His  largesses  to 
such  were  at  all  times  liberal.  He  spent  above  1500 
ducats  in  this  way  when  at  Florence,  and  remitted 
similar  bounties  to  Rome  and  Naples.  He  gave  1000 
ducats  to  the  learned  Campano,  professor  of  belles- 
lettres  at  Perugia  in  1455,  who  aided  him  in  collecting 
ancient  MSS.,  and  became  Bishop  of  Teramo.'^ 

Pieresc, 

'  When  any  library  was  to  be  sold  by  public  out- 
cry, he  took  care  to  buy  the  best  books,  especially 
if  they  were  of  some  neat  edition  that  he  did  not 
already  possess.  He  bound  his  books  in  red  morocco, 
with  his  cypher  or  initials  in  gold.  One  binder 
always  lived  in  the  house,  and  sometimes  several 
were  employed  at  once  "when  the  books  came 
rolling  in  on  every  side." '  '  Your  house  and  library ' 
(says  the  dedication  of  a  book  to  Pieresc)  *  are  a 
firmament  wherein  the  stars  of  learning  shine  ;  the 
desks  are  lit  with  starlight,  and  the  books  are  in 
constellations,  and  you  sit  like  the  sun  in  the  midst,- 
embracing  and  giving  light  to  them  all.'  'The 
library  is  to  be  open  to  all  the  world  without  the 
exception  of  any  living  soul ;  readers  were  to 
be  supplied  with  chairs  and  writing  materials,  and 
the  attendants  will  fetch  all  books  required  in  any 
language  or  department  of  learning,  and  will  change 
them  as  often  as  is  necessary.'^ 

^  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Urbtno,  pp.  21Q,  220. 
*  Elton,  Great  Book  Collectors,  pp.  180-4. 


150         The    Private    Library. 

'  Bouchard  states,  in  his  funeral  oration  on  Pieresc, 
"To  this  his  shop  and  storehouse  of  wisdom  and 
virtue,  Peireskius  did  not  only  courteously  admit  all 
travellers,  studious  of  art  and  learning,  opening  to 
them  all  the  treasures  of  his  library,  but  he  would 
keep  them  there  a  long  time,  with  free  and  liberal 
entertainment  ;  and  at  their  departure,  would  give 
them  books,  coins,  and  other  things,  which  seemed 
most  suitable  to  their  studies ;  also  he  freely  gave 
them  at  his  own  expense,  whatever  things  they 
wanted,  most  liberally,  even  as  to  all  other  learned 
men,  who  were  absent,  and  whose  names  he  had 
only  heard  of;  whatever  he  had  among  his  books 
or  relics  of  antiquity,  which  he  thought  might 
assist  them  in  their  writings,  he  would  send  it  them  of 
his  own  accord,  not  only  without  their  desiring  the 
same,  but  many  times  when  they  were  ignorant  of 
such  things.'^ 

Mr,  Ruskins  Advice, 

'  I  say  first  we  have  despised  literature.  What  do 
we,  as  a  nation,  care  about  books  ?  How  much  do 
you  think  we  spend  altogether  on  our  libraries,  public  or 
private,  as  compared  with  what  we  spend  on  our  horses  ? 
If  a  man  spends  lavishly  on  his  library,  you  call  him 
mad — a  biblio-maniac.  But  you  never  call  any  one  a 
horse  maniac,  thouc;h  men  ruin  themselves  every  day 
by  their  horses,  and  you  do  not  hear  of  people  ruining 
themselves  by  their  books.  Or,  to  go  lower  still, 
how   much   do   you   think   the   bookshelves    of  the 

^  TAs  Library^  July,  1895. 


Illustrative    Passages.  151 

United  Kingdom,  public  and  private,  would  fetch,  as 
compared  with  the  contents  of  its  wine-cellars  ? 
What  position  would  its  expenditure  on  literature 
take  as  compared  with  its  expenditure  on  luxurious 
eating  ?  We  talk  of  food  for  the  mind,  as  of  food  for 
the  body  :  now  a  good  book  contains  such  food  inex- 
haustibly ;  it  is  a  provision  for  life,  and  for  the  best 
part  of  us  ;  yet  how  long  most  people  would  look  at 
the  best  book  before  they  would  give  the  price  of  a 
large  turbot  for  it  !'^ 

'It  will  be  long  yet  before  that  comes  to  pass. 
Nevertheless,  I  hope  it  will  not  be  long  before  royal 
or  national  libraries  will  be  founded  in  every  con- 
siderable city,  with  a  royal  series  of  books  in  them  ; 
the  same  series  in  every  one  of  them,  chosen  books, 
the  best  in  every  kind,  prepared  for  that  national 
series  in  the  most  perfect  way  possible  ;  their  text 
printed  all  on  leaves  of  equal  size,  broad  of  margin,  and 
divided  into  pleasant  volumes,  light  in  the  hand, 
beautiful  and  strong,  and  thorough  as  examples  of 
binder's  work.'^ 

'  I  could  shape  for  you  other  plans,  for  art  galleries 
and  for  natural  history  galleries,  and  for  many  pre- 
cious, many,  it  seems  to  me,  needful  things  ;  but  this 
book  plan  is  the  easiest  and  needfullest,  and  would 
prove  a  considerable  tonic  to  what  we  call  our  British 
constitution,  which  has  fallen  dropsical  of  late,  and 
has  an  evil  thirst,  and  evil  hunger,  and  wants  healthier 
feeding.  You  have  got  its  Corn  Laws  repealed  for 
it ;  try  if  you  cannot  get  Corn  Laws  established  for 
it  dealing  in  a  better  bread— bread  made  of  that  old 
^  Sesame  and  Lilies. 


152  The    Private    Library. 

enchanted  Arabian  grain,  the  Sesame,  which   opens 
doors,  doors,  not  of  robbers',  but  of  kings'  treasuries.'^ 

'  Whatever  the  hold  which  the  aristocracy  of 
England  has  on  the  heart  of  England,  in  that  they 
are  still  always  in  front  of  her  battles,  this  hold  will 
not  be  enough,  unless  they  are  also  in  front  of  her 
thoughts.' 2 

'  But  it  is  not  gold  that  you  want  to  gather ! 
What  is  it  .-•  Greenbacks  ?  No  ;  not  those  neither. 
What  is  it  then — is  it  ciphers  after  a  capital  I  ? 
Cannot  you  practise  writing  ciphers,  and  write  as 
many  as  you  want  ?  Write  ciphers  for  an  hour  every 
morning,  in  a  big  book,  and  say  every  evening,  I  am 
worth  all  those  noughts  more  than  I  was  yesterday. 
Won't  that  do  ?  Well,  what  in  the  name  of  Plutus 
is  it  you  want  ?  Not  gold,  not  greenbacks,  not  ciphers 
after  a  capital  I  .-'  You  will  have  to  answer  after  all, 
"  No ;  we  want,  somehow  or  other,  money's  worth!' 
Well,  what  is  that  ?  Let  your  Goddess  of  Getting-on 
discover  it,  and  let  her  learn  to  stay  therein.'^ 

'And  the  entire  object  of  true  education  is  to 
make  people  not  merely  do  the  right  things,  but  enjoy 
the  right  things — not  merely  industrious,  but  to  love 
industry — not  merely  learned,  but  to  love  knowledge 
— not  merely  pure,  but  to  love  purity — not  merely  just, 
but  to  hunger  and  thirst  after  justice.'* 

^  Sesame  and  Lilies. 

^  Crown  of  Wild  Olive,  p.  87.      ^  Ibid.,  p.  60.      *  Ibid.,  p.  46. 


INDEX 


Abbotsford  Library  Catalogue, 

printed  by  Maitland  Club,  80 

Abbotsford  Library,  impressions  of, 
80 

Accessions,  on  placing,  89 

Acland,    Sir    H,,    the    'Radcliffe' 
bookcase,  113 

Addison,  Essay  on  *  My  Lady's  Li- 
brary,' 50. 

Addison's  picture  of  'Torn  Folio,'  79 

Advertisements,  which  to  distrust,  14 

Aelius,  148 

Aemylius  Protus,  148 

Agabito,  librarian   to  the  Duke  of 
Urbino,  119 

Albemarle,  Duke  of,  78 

Alberti,  142 

Ambrose,  St.,  148 

American  tables,  104 

Angelo,  Michael,  142 

Angling  books,  10 

Anonymous  Literature,  how  to  cata- 
logue, 84,  85 

Anthrenus   varius,  bookboring   in- 
sect, 23 

Apollo  Library,  135 

Appliances  for  the  library,  103 

Aquinas,  St,  Thomas,  148 

Arcangelo,  Don,  138 

A7-chaic  Dictionary,  44 

Architecture,  by  Vitruvius,  119 

Aristotle,  Inspection  of  the  works 
of,  147 

Aristotle's  Politics,  143 

Athanasius,  St.,  148 


Augustine,  St.,  148 

Augustus,    Emperor,   author  and 
booklover,  135 

Austen,  J.,  Northa?tger  Abbey,  36 

Author,  the,  3 

whims  and  fancies  of,  3 

Autograph    letters,    how    to    cata- 
logue, 64 

Bacon,  Lord,  36 

his  retreat  at  Gorhambury,  107 

Bacon's  Natural  History,  40 

Organon,  74 

Baker's  Chronicle,  72 

Baldi's  description  of  a  Florentine 

palace,  no,  146 
Balfour,  Mr.,  advice  on  reading,  27 
Barclay,  A.,  Ship  of  Fools,  76 
Basil,  St.,  148 
Beauchamp,  Guy,  earl  of  Warwick, 

Library  of  early  romances,  71 
Beauclerk,  T.,  79 

Library  of,   in  Great  Russell 

Street,  107 
Bedford,  Duke  of,  and  Charles  V.'s 

Library,  71 
Eeecher,  H.  W.,  on  reading,  30 
Benedetti,  B.,  Book  lists  of,  147 
librarian  to  Francesco  Maria, 

147 

C,  of  Pesaro,  147 

Beyle,  Henri,  Pseudonyms  used  by, 

84 
Bianchini's  works,  no,  146 
Bible,  148 

M 


J  54 


Index. 


Bibliography,   Science  of,  when 

commenced,  144 
Bibliomaniacs,  Great,  71 
Blackie,  J.  S.,  on  reading,  32 
Blackwood's  Magazine,   Extracts 

from,  30,  31,  32 
Blades,   W.,  Enewies  oj  Books,  7, 

21,  100 

on  the  handling  of  books,  22 

on  the  preservation  of  books, 

19,99 
Blatta  Australasia,   a  bookboring 

cockroach,  23 
Bookbinding,  52 

and  the  bookbinder,  23 

colour,  49,  54 

Covers,  what  to  choose,  64 

errors  of  taste,  56 

gilding,  57 

Good,  what  is  fatal  to,  97 

leather,  kind  to  choose,  54 

lettering,  58 

marbling,  55 

provincial,  7 

style  and  colour  of,  49 

style,  49,  54 

the,  remarks  on,  61 

what  is  good  and  bad,  5,  6 

Books,  accidentally  destroyed,  12 

arranging,  difficulty  of,  17 

care  of,  15,  16 

maxims  for,  24 

classification  of,  87 

commonplace,  38 

contents  of,  how  to  master  the, 

31,  32 

counterfeit,  52 

dusting,  20,  21 

enemies  of,  7,  16,  17,  18,  21, 

23 

binding,  fifteenth-century,  70 

handling,  22 


Books,  housing  of,  100 

metal  bosses  on,  desks  for,  106 

packing,  24,  25 

Rare  and  handsome,  89 

Reference,  89 

Rare,  what  constitutes,  1 1 

Why  so  called,  12 

Mow  to  read,  32 

Recommending,  33 

Reference,  42 

List  of  good,  44 

On  placing,  89 

Uses  of,  43 

Repairing,  60,  61 

Restoring,  60,  61 

Ruined,  how  often,  7 

Shelfmarking,  93 

Sizes  of,  as  decided  upon  by 

the  Associated  Librarians  of 

Great  Britain,  98 

Suppressed,  12 

Treatment  of,  108 

Valueless,  14 

Bookcase,  the  'Radcliffe'  iron,  113 

revolving,  105 

Bookcases,  49,  94 

at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 

102 

beautiful  specimens  of,  99 

for  rare  and  beautiful  books, 

&c.,  99 

glass  doors  undesirable,  lOO 

height  of,  50,  95 

— —  in  bedrooms,  38 

lettering  and  numbering,  93, 

99 

shelves  covered  with   padded 

leather,  100 

Tonks'  patent  fittings  advis- 
able, 95 

Book-collecting,  Revival  in,  at 
Florence,  140 


Index. 


^55 


Book  collectors,  early,  71 

collectors    of   the    eighteenth 

century,  79 

hobbies,  65 

readers,  two  classes,  34 

screen,  47 

Bookshelves,  130 

Book  support,  metal,  106 

values,  9 

how  to  determine,  9 

Booksellers,  Old  London,  72 

Bookworm,  The,  23 

Bordesley  Abbey,  and  the  Earl  of 
Warwick's  Library,  71 

Boston  Public  Library,  Roxbury 
Branch,  dimensions  of  book- 
room,  113 

Boswell,  Lzfe  of  Johnson,  3 

Boudoir  bindings,  pretty  effects  of,  48 

libraries,  46 

library  catalogue,  50 

Bowen,  on  Novel  Reading,  37 

Bracciolini,  Poggio,  137 

Bradshaw,  H.,  the  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Librarian,  117 

Braybrooke,  Lord,  his  collection  of 
county  histories,  66 

British  Museum  Library  Catalogue, 

85 
Brontfe,  Q.,  Jane  Eyre,  37 
Bruni,  Lionardi,  137 
Buchanan,  G.,  117 
Buckram  binding,  62 
Buffalo  Bug,  or  Carpet  Bug,  23 
Burke,  on  reading,  31 
Bustle  tails,  bookboring  insects,  23 
Butler's  Httdibras,  72,  74 

Caesar,  148 

Cambridge  University,  History  of, 

by  Willis  and  Clark,  120 
Campano,  Bishop  of  Teramo,  149 


Campion,    Hanmer  and    Spencer's 

History  of  Ireland,  75 
Care  of  books,  On  the,  15 

Maxims  to  be  learned,  24 

Carlyle,  on  a  library  catalogue,  81 
Carpet  Bug,  or  Buffalo  Bug,  23 
Casaubon,  among  his  books,  72 
Catalogue,  a  fifteenth-century,  70 

Alphabetical    system,   advan 

tages  of,  86 

Classification  of  the,  82 

Sectional,  Lord  Crawford's,  83 

The,  81 

The,  alphabetical  arrangement 

of,  81 
The,  classified  system,  advan- 
tages of,  86 

The,  cross-references,  85 

The,  how  not  to  make,  82,  84 

The,  expert  advice  on,  84 

The,  rules  to  be  observed,  85 

The,  subjects,  classification  of, 

86 

The,  preparing  titles,  87 

Chairs,  Library,  104 
Charles  V.  of  France,  library  of,  71 
Chaucer,  Speght's  edition  (1602),  75 
Chippendale,  bookcase  designs  by, 

99 
Chrysoloras,  M.,  143 
Chrysostom,  St.,  148 
Clarissa  Harlowe,  60 
Clark,  J.  W.,  on  the  position  of  the 
library,  119 

Student-life  of  the  past,  72 

Classic  authors,  list  of,  148 
Classics,  no  suitable  edition  in  Eng- 
land as  in  France,  i 
Classification,  81 

of  books,  87 

Clement  XL,  Pope,  and  the  eagle 
lectern,  147 


ij6 


Index. 


Clement,  D. ,  Bibliothique  curieuse, 

II 
Clement,  D.,  on  degrees  of  rarity, 

II,  13 

Colet,  among  his  books,  72 
Collected  editions,  how  to  catalogue, 

94 
Commonplace  books,  38 

books,  simplest  form  of,  40 

Compositor,  the,  3 

Condition,  as  affecting  the  price  of 

books,  13,  II 
Consttelo,  37 
Consumer,  the,  3 
Cosimo's  generosity  to  men  of  letters, 

144 
Medicean  library,  138 

plan   of  the    formation  of   a 

library,  138 

versatility    and    comprehen- 
sive intellect,  139 

zeal  for  learning,  139 

Cotton's  library,  dimensions  of,  73 

Counterfeit  books,  52 

County  collections,  what  should  be 

aimed  at,  66 

Histories,  on  collecting,  66 

Courthope's  edition  of  Pope,  3 
Crawford,  Lord,  Ballad  catalogue, 83 
Collection  of  books,  pamphlets, 

ballads,  &c.,  65 

Sectional  catalogue,  83 

Cross-references,  when  to  make,  85 
Cunningham,   P.,  edition  of  Wal- 

pole's  letters,  3 
Curiosities,     arrangement     of,      in 

library,  122 
Cyril,  St.,  148 

Damp,  an  enemy  to  books,  17 
De   Maistre's  Journey   Round  my 
Room,  47 


Dennistoun's  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes 
of  Urbino,  iio,  145,  147,  149 
Desk,  standing,  105 
Dictionaries,  use  of,  30 
Dives  et  Pauper,  70 
Drawings,  safe  keeping  of,  106 
Duns  Scotus,  148 
Dusting  of  books,  20,  21 

Edis'  Decoration  and  Furniture  of 
Town  Houses,  132 

Editions  de  luxe,  3 

Education,  What  is?  45 

Edwards,  Memoirs  of  Libraries,  13, 
97,  99,  100 

on  bookcases,  97,  99 

Elizabethan  Poetry,  catalogue  of,  83 

Ellwanger's  Story  of  fny  House,  9, 
104 

Elton,  Great  Book  Collectors,  115, 
149 

Elwin's  edition  of  Pope,  3 

Enemies  of  books,  17,  18,  19,  21 

Erasmus,  among  his  books,  72 

Eusebius,  148 

Evelyn's  directions  for  gathering  a 
library,  78 

Letter  to  Pepys  on  the  Seven- 
teenth Century  libraries,  79 

Eversley  Rectory  armchair,  105 

Facetise,  on  placing,  89 
Family  papers,  how  to  catalogue,  64 
Farnaby,  T.,  Index  Rhetoricus,  74 
Federigo,  Count,  famous  library  of 

MSS.,  IIO,  146 

Duke,  Literary  habits  of,  148 

Feltrian  dukes,  MSS.,  147 
Fergusson's  Architecture,  44 
Ficino,  Translator  of  Plato,  142 
Fiction  Library,  how  to  arrange,  36 
Fiesole,  Abbey  of,  on  building  a 

library  at,  138 


Index. 


157 


Fiesole  Abbey,  Library  of,  138 
Fifteenth    Century    Library    Cata- 
logue, 70 
Fine  Copy  ?  What  is  a,  5,  6 
First  Edition  Craze,  fight  against,  14 
Fish  Bugs,  bookboring  insects,  23 
Florence,  Revival  in  learning  at,  140 

Studio  Pubblico,  Improvement 

of  the,  143 
Florentine  Library,  Description  of 

a  great,  no 
Floriculture,   on    collecting    books 

on,  67 
'  Foxed '  Book,  A,  6 
Foxhounds  in  England,  135 
Francesco  Maria's  literary  pursuits, 

147 

Froude,  W.,  The  '  Radcliffe '  book- 
case, 113 

Fuller,  T.,  on  memory  and  note- 
books, 39 

Gas,  an  enemy  to  books,  18 

Genealogical  books,  rise  in  price  of, 
66 

Getting-on,  Goddess  of,  152 

Gibbon,  Edward,  i 

library  catalogue,  83 

Gilbey,  Sir  W.,  sporting  books,  67 

Gilding,  Advice  on,  57 

Giorgio,  F.  di.  Treatise  on  Archi- 
tecture, 148 

Gladstone,  W.  E.,  Books,  and  the 
Hoiising  of  them,  100 

Gladstotie  in  the  Evening  of 

his  Days,  36,  108,  no 

on  library  shelves,  96 

Gladstone's  Temple  of  Peace,  Tables 

in,  104 
Glastonbury,  Treasures  at,  69 
'Globe'  edition  of  English  classics,  2 
Goldsmith  Chair,  The,  105 


Good  Edition,  how  to  make,  3 

What  is  a,  I 

Gosse,  E.,  Library  Catalogue,  83 

Gregory,  St.,  148 

Greek  Fathers,  writings  of,  148 

Greenbacks,  152 

Guidobaldo  L,  Library  Rules,  118 

Haigh  Hall,  Ballad  Catalogue  at,  83 

Library  Catalogue,  who  com- 

piled by,  65 
Hallam's  Literary  History,  41 
Hamerton,   Philip   G.,    Advice  on 

reading,  27,  28,  29 
Harding's  Chronicle,  76 
Hart,   Dr.   E.,   on   books  in   bed- 
rooms, 38 
Hawarden  Library  annexe,  107 

Cost  of,  113 

Heat,  an  enemy  to  books,  18 
Heppelwhite,  Bookcase  designs  by, 

99 
Hill,     B.       Edition    of    Boswell's 

Johnson,  3 
Howard,  Sir  J.,  Library  of,  70 
'  Humanity  Room '  at   Hawarden, 

109 
Humphrey,  Duke,  71 

Ireland,  History  of,  75 
Ink  Maker,  The,  3 

Jerome,  St.,  148 

Jessopp,  Dr.,  Library  annexe  of,  107 

on  old  libraries,  68 

Johnson,    Dr.,    careless    with    his 

books,  16 

Life  of,  3 

on  knowledge,  42 

on  the  editions  of  Thomas  <J 

Ke?)ipis,  67 
Johnson's  Dictionary,  44 
Justin,  148 


158 


Index. 


Kerr's  GentlemetCs  House,  I20 
Knowledge,  On.     Extract  from  the 

Spectator,  42 
•^^  Two  kinds  of,  42 

Lady's  Library,  how  arranged,  51 
Lamb,  choice  of  books,  34 
Lampson,    L.,     Rowfant    Library 

Catalogue,  83 
Landino,  142 
Lang,  A.,  remarks  on  the  'binder,' 

61 

on  the  care  of  books,  16 

Lapaccim,  Fra  G.,  a  MS.  copyist, 

138 
Large-paper  copies,  8,  13 
Larousse's  Grand  Dictionnaire,  43 
Leather  for  binding,  53 
Lectern,  an  historic  eagle,  146 
Leighton,  J.,  Book-plate  Annual,  15 

Careless  handling  of  books,  16 

Leland,   C.   G.,   on  Mending  and 

Repairing,  6 1 

Glastonbury  treasures,  69 

Leonora's  library,  how  arranged,  51 
Lepis?na   Sdccharina,    bookbinding 

insects,  23 
VEscholle  des  Filles,  77 
Librarian,  A,  115 

Qualifications  of  a  good,  115, 

117 
■  The  motto  of  a  good,  1 18 

Libraries,  Classification  of  headings 

of,  94 
in  country  houses,  lamentable 

condition  of,  1 5 

Old  country,  68 

Xllth  century,  69 

— —  Xlllth  century,  69 

XVI  Ith  century,  72 

— —  Suite  of,  121 

Public,  Originator  of,  143 


Library,  The,  Extract  from,  150 
Library,  Appliances  for  the,  103 

The,  architecturally,  119 

arrangement.  On,  91 

Arrangement   of,    two    plans, 

121 

Artistic  treatment  of  the,  122 

Aspect  for  the,  125 

An  economic,  133 

Curiosities  in,  22 

Decorations  of  the,  131 

Enemy  of  the,  120 

fireplace,  126 

intercommunication,  126 

-  On  heating,  120,  128 

On  lighting,  120 

Portable,  Composition  of  a,  46 

Position  of  the,  119,  124 

rules,  118 

Study  attached  to  the,  127 

Windows  in  the,  125 

annexe.  The,  106 

Library  Association  Report,   1878, 

"5 

Journal,  Reference  to,  91 

American,  117 

Lionardo,  M.,  translator  of  Aris- 
totle's Politics,  143 

Lippincott's  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, 44 

Livy,  148 

Lockhart,  Life  of  Sir  W.  Scott,  80 

Lorenzo  and  his  literary  circle,  142 

Lucullus's  vast  collection  of  books, 

ns 

Macaulay,  private  libraries  in  1685, 
79 

State  of  England  in  1685,  72 

Magazines,  How  to  bind,  63 
Maggliabecchi,  Anecdote  of,  116 


Index. 


159 


Ma^Habecchi,  his  abnormal  know- 
ledge of  books,  115 
Manetti,  Giannozzo,  137 
Manuscripts,  How  to  catalogue,  64 

collecting  and   preserving   at 

Florence,  140 

Collection  of  ancient,  149 

Famous  library  of,  1 10 

of  the  Feltrian  dukes,  147 

Urbino's  library  of,  146 

Marbling,  what  to  choose,  55 
Marryat,    original    binding    of    his 

novels,  6 
Marsuppini,  Carlo,  137 
Maxwell,  Sir  H. ,  advice  on  reading, 

26 
Medicean  Library,  138 
Medici,  Cosimo  de',  on  housing  of 

large  libraries,  137 

The,  and  their  friends,  137 

Lorenzo  de',  137 

Memory  and  note-books,  39 
Mending  and  repairing,  61 
Middleton  Cheney,  Library  annexe 

at,  107 
Mirandola,  P.  della,  41,  142 
Monastic  Hbraries,  Old,  69 
Monmouth  rebellion,  romances  on, 

36 
Monreale,  Archbishop  of,  147 
Morocco  leather,  kind  to  choose,  54 
Munificent  book-buying,  133 
Murray's  Dictionary,  59 

Magazine,  on  county  histories, 

66 
Music,  How  to  bind,  64 

Napoleon,  on  the  composition  of  a 
portable  library,  46 

a  lover  of  small  books,  46 

and  novel-reading,  38 

Nares'  Glossary ^  44 


Natural  history,  on  collecting  books 

on,  67 
Naude,  G,  Avis  pour  dresser  une 

Bibliothique,  10,  79 
Nazianzen,  St.  Gregory,  148 
Niccoli,  N.  de'.  Home  life  and  habits 

of,  141 

literary  dictator  at  Florence,  140 

to  whom  he  bequeathed  his 

library,  137 
Nicetas,  148 

Nicholas  V.  Pope,  Book  list  of,  139 
Nineteenth  Centtay,  Extracts  from 

the,  26,  68,  III 
Nordau,  millionaires  in  England,  133 
North,    Dr.   John,  his  book-loving 

habits,  8 

Dr.  J.     Library  of,  73 

Life  of,  73 

North's  Lives  of  the  Norths,  7 
Notes,  Suggestions  on  taking,  41 
Novel-reading,  33 

lecture  on,  36,  37 

Novels,  how  to  bind,  62 

Octavia  Library,  135 

Oldys,  W.,  79 

Oliveriana  Library,  147 

Oxford,  Lord,  79 

University  of.  Duke  Hum- 
phrey's collection  of  illumi- 
nated treasures,  71 

Pamphlets,  how  to  bind,  63 

how  to  catalogue,  63,  94 

Paper,  coloured,  13 

fine,  13 

hand-made,  8 

Japanese  vellum,  8 

vellum,  13 

knives,  i6 

maker,  the,  3 


i6o 


Index. 


Parentucelli,  T.,  Catalogue  of   S. 

Marco  Library,  137 
Parker's  Domestic    Architecture^ 

Reference  to,  70 
Paston  Letters,  70 
Pattison,  Mark,  a  type  of  a  scholar, 

134 
Payn,  J. ,  on  the  best  hundred  books, 

30 
Pembroke,  Earl  of,  79 
Pepys'  books,   how  numbered  and 

titled,  78 

book  presses,  75 

book  presses  at    M^dalene 

College,  75 

Collection  of  Ballads,  &c.,  65 

Diary,  43,  59,  74,  &c. 

library  catalogue,  76 

library  catalogue,  classification 

of,  82,  89 

a  lover  of  books,  74 

manuscripts,  77 

single  sheets,  77 

Periodicals,   Unbound,  on  placing, 

89 
Pesaro,  Library  of,  138 
Petrarch,  project  of  a  public  library, 

143 
Phillips,  W.,  anecdote   of  George 

Sumner,  116 
Pickering,  Publications  issued  by,  4 
Pieresc,  and  his  books,  149 

Funeral  oration  on,  150 

Plato,  Teachings  of,  142 
Plato's  Works,  143 
Plutarch,  148 

on  LucuUus'  Library,  135 

Plutarch's  Lives,  1 43 

Poetical  Concordances,  44 

Poliziano,  142 

Poole,  Mr.,  on  enemies  to  books, 

18 


Pope,  '  Globe '  edition  of,  2 

Pope's  Works,  the  edition  of  Cour- 
thope  and  Elwin,  3 

Preservation  of  book  covers,  A 
recipe  for,  20 

Pressman,  The,  3 

Priceus,  Defensio  Hist.  Brit. ,  76 

Printer,  The,  3 

Prints,  safe  keeping  of,  106 

Private  Library,  divisions  or  classifi- 
cation of  a,  89 

Psalms,  French,  74 

Pseudonyms,  how  to  catalogue,  84 

Publisher,  The,  3 

Pulci,  142 

Putnam's  Books  and  their  Makers^ 
71,  142 

Ptolemy's  Cosmography,  143 

Quintus  Curtius,  148 
Quotations,  Dictionary  of,  44 

RadclifTe  bookcases,  cost  of,  1 14 
Rare  books,  what  constitutes,  12 

why  so  called,  1 1 

Rarity  as  affecting  the  price  of  books, 

II 
Rawlinson,  T.,  79 
Reader,  The,  3 
Reading,  The  art  of,  25 

literature  on,  26 

seat,  96 

Record,  unpublished,  advisability  of 

typing,  64 
Reference  books,  42 

American,  43 

French,  43 

uses  of,  43 

Regulations,  Book  of,  of  Guido- 

baldol,  118 
Renaissance  history,  136 
Richardson's  Dictionary,  tA 


Index. 


i6i 


Rochester's  Poems,  78 

Romances,  Guy  Beauchamp's  library 
of,  71 

Romola,  37 

Roscoe,  Mr.,  on  book-collecting,  144 

Rovrfant  Library  Catalogue,  83 

Ruddiman,  T.,  117 

Ruskin,  J.,  advice  on  book  collect- 
ing, 150,  151 

choice  of  books,  34 

his  scheme  of  a  Royal  series  of 

books,  4 

Ruskin 's  Crown  of  Wild  Olive,  152 

Sesafne  and  Lilies,  151,  152 

Sachetti,  Franco,  137 

Sala,   G.   A.,   On  common-place 

books,  39,  40 
Sallust,  148 
Salutati,  C.  de,   On  utility  of  public 

libraries,  143 
S.    Giorgio  Maggiore,    Library  of, 

MSS.  of,  at  Florence,  137 

S.  Marco,  Catalogue  of  Library  of, 
138 

Santa  Trinita,  Proposed  public  li- 
brary at,  143 

Scott,  R.,  bill  of  books  suppHed  to 
Pepys,  77 

Bookseller  of  the  XVIIth  Cen- 
tury, 73 

Scott,  Sir  W.,  Life  of,  80 

his  care  of  books,  16 

Novels  of,  original  bindings  of, 

6 

Seven  Champions  of  Christendom,  72 

Seventeenth   Century   Literature, 
Catalogue  of,  83 

S^vigne,  Mme.  de.  Letters  of,  109 

Shakespeare,  'Cambridge'  Edition 
of,  2,  53 


*  Shannon '  Tables,  104 

Shaw,  G.  B. ,  on  an  economic  library, 

133 
Shelf  Classification,  Difficulty  of,  88 
Sheraton,  Bookcase  designs  by,  99 
Silver  Fish,  bookboring  insects,  23 
'Sleepy   Hollow,'  an  armchair  at 

Eversley,  105 
Smith,   L.   P.,   Qualifications  of  a 

Librarian,  117 
Smith,  W. ,  Greek  and  Roman  Bio- 
graphy, 44 
Somers,  Lord,  79 
Soulsby,    Miss    Lucy,    Things    in 

Book  Clothing,  28 
Spartianus,  148 

Spectator,  Extract  from,  on  Know- 
ledge, 42 
Spencer,  George,  Earl,  79 

Earl,  Library  at  Manchester, 

79 
Sport,  Reference  to,  133 
Sporting  books,  on  collecting,  67 
Staghounds  in  England,  135 
Stanley,  Col.,  79 
Steps,  Library,  106 
Stevens,    Who   spoils    our  English 

Books?    3,  4 
Stevenson,  R.  L.,  Works.     'Edin- 
burgh' Edition,  4 
Strozzi,    Palla   degli,  Greek   learn- 
ing, 142 

originator  of  public  libraries, 

143 
Subjects,  Short,  classification  of,  85 
Suetonius,  148 
Sumner,  G.,  Anecdote  of,  116 

his  knowledge  of  books,  116 

Sunderland,  Charles,  Earl  of,  79 
Suppressed  books,  12 

Symonds,  On  great  literary  under- 
takings, 142 

N 


i62 


Index. 


Symonds,  Revival  of  Learning,  139, 
140,  142,  144 

Tables,  Library,  104 

Tacitus,  148 

Tarleton'sy^5/j-,  72 

Tatler — Addison's  Picture  of  Tom 
Folio,  79 

Tiberius,  Library  of,  135 

Title-pages,  ruined,  7 

Titles,  how  to  prepare,  87 

Thirlwall,  on  reading,  31 

Thomas  d,  Kempis^  Editions  of,  68 

Thomas  of  Saranza,  founder  of  the 
Vatican  Library,  145 

Todd's  Gowcr  and  Ckatuer,  72 

Index  Rerunt,  39 

Tonk's  Patent  Fittings  for  Book- 
cases, 95 

Topographical  Books,  on  collecting, 
66 

Rise  in  price  of,  66 

Traill,  H.  D.,  on  book  readers,  35 
Trajan,  Library  of,  135 
Traversari,  Ambrogio,  137 

Utbino,  Dukes  of^  no,  144 

Me7noirs  of  the,  119 

book-collecting  by,  145 

hospitality  to  men  of  letters,  148 

Library  of,  1 38 

his  collection  of  ancient  MSS., 

149 

Valvio,   G.,   Publisher  of  Plato 

(1482),  142 
Vespasiano,  a  MSS.  copyist,  138 


Vespasiano,  on  Casimo's  plan  of 
forming  a  library,   138 

on  Federigo's   literary  habits, 

148 

on  the  S.  Marco  Library  Cata* 

logue,  138 

Vitruvius'  Architecture,  1 19,  125 

Walpole,  H.,  on  Beauclerk's  library, 
107 

Walpole's  Letters,  edited  by  Cun- 
ningham, 3 

Wanley,  H.,  79 

Warwick,  Earl  of.  Library  of  early 
romances.  List  of,  71,  72 

Weeding  out,  80 

Wheatley,  B.  R.,  on  library  arrange- 
ment, 90 

Wheatley,  H.  B.,  Fepys  and  the 
World  he  lived  in,  74,  82,  90 

Where  is  it  ?  40 

White  Canons,  Catalogue  of  the 
House  of  the,  70 

WTiittingham,  Books  printed  by,  4 

Whittingham's  garden  at  Chiswick,  4 

Wilberforce,  Dr.,  on  knowledge, 
42 

Wilkinson's  Ancient  Egyptians,  44 

Willett,  Deb.,  78 

Willis  and  Clark,  History  of  Cam- 
bridge  University,  120 

Wordsworth,  careless  with  his  books, 
16 

Wren,  Sir  C,  bookcases  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  I02 

Wren,  W.,  on  Education,  45 

Zola,  no 


London:  Strangeways,  Printers. 


A  SELECT  LIST  OF  CHOICE  BOOKS,  culled 

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Alison  (Sir  Archibald).  History  of  Europe,  from  the  Commencement  of  the 
French  Revolution,  1774,  to  1815,  and  the  Continuation  to  1848.  Best 
Large  Type  Library  Edition.  With  numerous  portraits.  23  vols.  Svo,  new 
cloth,  uncut.     $40.00.  Edinburgh,  1852-60 

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Adams  (W.  H.  Davenport).     Good  Queen  Anne.     2  vols.  Svo,  cloth.     $3.00. 

London, 1886 

Adams'  (W.  H.  Davenport)  Witch,  Warlock  and  Magician  :  Historical  Sketches  of 
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.Esop's  Fables.  With  56  large  illustrations  from  designs  by  Henry  L.  Stephens. 
Beautifully  printed  on  thick  paper.  Royal  4to,  new  half  levant  extra,  gilt  top. 
Scarce.     §20.00.  New  York,  1868 

Ainswortli's  (W.  Harrison)  Novels  and  Romances.  Large  Type  Library  Edition. 
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Arcliaica  and  Heliconia,  containing  Reprints  of  Rare  Old  English  Pieces  of  Prose 
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Arcliitectural  Beauties  of  Continental  Europe,  by  John  Coney.  56  large  plates. 
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Arcliitectural  Studies  in  France,  by  W.  Galsworthy  Davie.  A  series  of  89  large 
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Sections,  Elevations,  Details,  Interiors  and  Exteriors.  Imperial  folio,  half  mo- 
rocco.    $16.00.  London,  1877 

Architecture.  Chateaux  de  France  des  XVe  et  XVIe  Singles,  par  Victor  Petit. 
A  series  of  100  fine  lithographic  plates  of  the  principal  old  Castles  of  France  of  the 
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Architecture.  Epidaure:  Restauration,  et  description  des  principaux  Monuments 
du  Sanctuaire  d'Asclepios.  Releves  et  Restaurations  par  Alphonse  Defrasse  et 
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a  large  number  of  cuts  in  the  text.  A  very  handsome  volume.  Folio,  cloth. 
$22.00.  Paris,  1895 


Architecture.  Gailhabaud  (Jules).  L' Architecture  du  Ve  au  XVIIe  Siecle,  et 
les  Arts  qui  en  dependent,  la  Sculpture,  la  Peinture  Murale,  la  Pelnture  sur  Verre, 
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Architecture.  Half-Timbered  Houses  and  Carved  Oak  Furniture  of  the  i6th 
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and  Furniture.     Atlas  4to,  cloth,  gilt.     $12.00. 

Architecture.  Il  Palazzo  Ducale  di  Venezia,  illustrato  da  Francesco  Zanotto, 
With  100  engravings  of  Views  of  the  Palace,  Exterior  and  Interior,  Sections, 
Plans,  Details,  Ornamentation,  and  Statuary  and  Pictures  contained  in  its 
Galleries.     5  vols.  410,  half  morocco,  uncut.     $37.50.  Venezia,  1853 

Architecture.  King's  Study  Book  of  Medi.t.val  Architecture  and  Art.  About 
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Architecture.  Les  Antiquit^s  Monumentales  de  la  Normandie,  par  John 
CoTMAN.  A  series  of  100  fine  copperplates  of  Exteriors  and  Interiors  of  the 
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plates  mounted  on  guards.     $30.00.  Paris,  18S1 

Architecture.  Le  Dome  de  Milan.  A  series  of  70  large  engraved  plates  (mostly  fold- 
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Architecture.  Le  Chateau  de  Chambord,  photographic  par  Mieusement,  avec  un 
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details.     Imperial  folio,  in  board  portfolio.     $12.00.  Paris,  1875 

Architecture.  La  Toscane  au  Moyen  Age:  Architecture  Civile  et  Militaire,  par 
Rohault  de  Fleury.  With  about  150  well  executed  large  engraved  plates  of 
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Architecture.  Monographie  du  Palais  de  Fontainebleau,  par  Pfnor.  A  series 
of  150  beautifully  executed  engraved  plates  depicting  the  celebrated  Palace,  with 
Exterior  and  Interior  Views,  Sections,  Plans,  Details  of  Ornamentation,  etc. 
Original  and  best  edition.  2  vols,  large  folio,  half  morocco.  (Pub.  500  fcs. 
unbound.)     $90.00.  Paris,  1863 

Architecture.  Monographie  du  Chateau  de  Heidelberg,  par  Pfnor.  Both 
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folio,  in  board  portfolio.     $12.50.  Paris,  1874 

Architecture.  Parall^le  des  Maisons  de  Paris  construites  depuis  1830  jusqu'a 
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plates  of  the  Buildings  of  Paris,  with  details.  2  vols,  royal  folio,  half  morocco. 
$25.00.  Paris,  1850 

Architecture.  Palais,  Maisons  et  autres  Edifices  Modernes  de  Rome,  par 
Percier  et  Fontaine.  A  series  of  100  fine  engraved  plates  of  the  Palaces  and 
other  Edifices  of  Rome,  with  Interior  and  Exterior  Views,  Details,  etc.  P'olio, 
half  morocco.     $15.00.  I'aris,  1798 

Architecture.  Petites  Habitations  Francaises,  par  Boussard.  100  fine  engraved 
plates  of  Houses,  Villas,  Pavilions,  with  details.  Folio,  half  morocco,  gilt  top. 
(Pub.  140  fcs.  unbound.)     S37.50.  Paris,  1881 

Architecture  Romane  du  Midi  de  la  Frauce,  par  Henri  Revoil.  With  221  fine 
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Architecture.  Specimens  of  Mediaeval  Architecture  of  the  12th  and  13th 
Centuries  in  France  and  Italy,  by  W.  E.  Nesfield.  100  fine  plates  of  Interior 
and  Exterior  Views  of  Cathedrals,  Abbeys,  etc.,  with  details.  Folio,  cloth. 
Sic. GO.  London,  1S62 

Architecture.  The  Ecclesiastical  Architecture  of  Italy,  by  Henry  Galbv 
Knight.     80  large  and  beautiful  plates.     2  vols,  folio,  half  morocco.     $40.00. 

London, 1842 

Architecture.  Ruprich-Robert  (V.)  L' Architecture  Normande  aux  Xle  et  aux 
Xlle  siecles  en  Normandie  et  en  Angleterre.  With  175  engraved  plates  and  more 
than  300  cuts.     2  vols,  folio,  half  red  morocco,  gilt  tops.     $80.00.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Architecture.  Storelli  (A.)  Les  Chateaux  du  Blaisois.  With  32  fine  full-page 
etchings  on  Holland  paper,  and  a  map.     Large  4to,  paper  cover.     $10.00. 

Paris,  1884 

Architecture.  The  Ancestral  Homes  of  Britain,  containing  examples  of  its 
noblest  Castles,  Halls  and  Mansions,  by  F.  O.  Morris.  A  series  of  40  colored 
plates.     4to,  cloth.     $8.00.  London,  1868 

Architecture.  Viollet-le-Duc.  Entretiens  sur  l' Architecture.  36  plates  and 
illustrations  in  the  text.     2  vols.  8vo,  and  i  vol.  4to,  half  morocco.     $30.00. 

Paris,  1863 

Arcliitecture.  Les  Monuments  de  Pise  au  Moyen  Age,  par  Rohault  de  Fleury. 
66  fine  engravings.     Folio,  with  8vo  vol.  of  text,  half  bound.    $22.50.    Paris,  1866 

Architecture.  Wickes's  Memorials  of  English  Medi^^val  Churches.  71  fine 
large  plates.     Imperial  folio,  cloth.     $18.00.  London,  1857 

Arnold  (Dr.  Thomas).  Works,  comprising  Interpretations  of  Scripture,  i  vol.; 
Roman  Commonwealth,  2  vols. ;  Life  and  Correspondence,  2  vols.;  Sermons, 
3  vols.;  History  of  Rome,  3  vols.;  Miscellaneous  Works,  i  vol.;  Christian 
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$50.00.  London,  1845 

Art  Journal.  A  complete  set  from  1849  to  1897.  47  vols.  4to,  new  half  red  mo- 
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Arts  du  Metal,  par  J.  B.  Giraud.  50  superb  full-page  plates,  exhibiting  several 
hundred  examples  of  notable  specimens  of  Artistic  Iron  Work,  ancient  and 
modern.      Royal  folio,  half  morocco.     $30.00.  Paris,  1881 

Ashton's  Humour,  TVit,  and  Satire  of  the  Seventeenth  Century.      About  100 

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Same,  on  Large  Paper.     Small  4to,  cloth.      (Pub.  $12.00.)     $6.00. 

Ashton's  Romances  of  Chivalry  told  and  illustrated  in  fac-simile.  45  curious  cuts. 
8vo,  half  morocco,  gilt  top.     $4.00.  London,  1887 

Athens.  Athens  :  Its  Rise  and  Fall,  with  views  of  the  Literature,  Philosophy  and 
Social  Life  of  the  Athenian  People,  by^E.  L.  Bulwer.  2  vols.  8vo,  half  levant, 
gilt  tops.     $7.50.  London,  n.  d. 

Atlas.  Philip's  Handy  General  Atlas  of  America,  comprising  detailed  Maps  of  the 
United  States,  Canada,  etc.  With  Index,  etc.,  by  John  Bartholomew,  F.R.G.S. 
Folio,  cloth.     $2.50.  London,  1879 

Austen  (Jane).  Novels,  comprising  Emma,  Lady  Susan,  The  Watsons,  Mansfield 
Park,  Northanger  Abbey,  Persuasion,  Pride  and  Prejudice,  and  Sense  and 
Sensibility,     ii  vols.  i6mo,  new  half  roan,  gilt  tops.     $11.00.  Boston,  1892 


Babeloii.  Cabinet  des  Antiques.  6o  beautiful  plates  of  Objects  of  Art.  3  parts 
folio,  in  portfolios.     $35.00.  Paris,  18S7 

Bacon's  (Francis)  Complete  Works,  edited  by  Basil  Montague.  Pickering's  Beau- 
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London,  1825-34 

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cloth.     $22.50.  Boston,  1S61 

Balzac's  Complete  Works,  translated  from  the  French.  Edition  de  Luxe,  hand- 
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52  vols.  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top.     $130.00.  Philadelphia,  1897 

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Balzac.  CEuvres  ComplJites.  Plates  after  Meissonier,  Gavarni,  etc.  20  vols.  8vo, 
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Balzac's  Droll  Stories.  The  Unexpurgated  English  Edition.  Illustrated  with 
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gilt,  gilt  top.     $5.00.  London  :  John  Camden  Hotten,  n.  d. 

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Barr6.     Herculanum  et  Pomp£i.     With  about  700  outline  engravings  of  Works  of 

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of  Naples.     8  vols,  imperial  Svo,  boards.     $40.00.  Paris,  1870-72 

Bartolozzi  and  his  Works,  Biographical,  Anecdotal  and  Descriptive,  by  Andrew  W. 
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Basilewsky  Collection.  Catalogue  Raisonne  de  la  Collection  Basilevvsky. 
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Bayley  (John).  The  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Tower  of  London.  With 
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Beck  on  (xloves:  Their  Annals  and  Associations.  Illustrated.  Crown  8vo,  cloth. 
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Behn's  (Mrs.)  Complete  Works.     Portrait.     6  vols,  post  8vo,  boards.     $20.00. 

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Beraldi.     Les  Graveurs  du  XIXe  Single.     12  parts,  Svo,  paper.    $37.50.    Paris,  1885 

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Bible  Folk-Lore,  by  the  author  of  "Rabbi  Jeshua."     i2mo,  cloth.     $3.00. 

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edges.     $65.00.  London,  1800 

Bible  Myths  and  their  Parallels  in  other  Relig-ions.  Numerous  illustrations. 
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Bibliotheqne  de  la  Grazette  des  Beaux-Arts.  6  vols,  imperial  Svo,  boards.  Illus- 
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Blake  (William).  Etchings  from  his  Works,  embracing  many  of  the  rarest  sub- 
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Folio,  half  cloth.     (Pub.  $8.00.)     65.00.  London,  1S78 

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Book  of  St.  Albans,  by  Dame  Juliana  Berners,  containing  the  Treatise  on 
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Book-Song'.  Anthology  of  Poems  of  Books  and  Bookmen,  edited  by  Gleeson  White. 
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Book  of  Gems:  The  Poets  and  Artists  of  Great  Britain.  150  exquisite  en- 
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Boydell's  Shakespeare  Gallery.  A  series  of  100  very  large  and  beautiful  plates  to 
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Bridgewater  Treatises.  A  complete  set  of  these  celebrated  works  on  the  Power, 
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Brlllat-Siivarin.  A  Handbook  of  Gastronomy.  Portrait  and  52  original  etchings 
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British  Essayists — Spectator,  Tattler,  Guardian,  etc.,  with  Prefaces,  etc.,  by 
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Matthews.     §275.00.  Pickering,  1839,  etc. 

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British  Novelists.  Mrs.  Barbauld's  Edition.  50  vols.  iSmo,  half  calf,  gilt. 
§60.00.  London,  1820 

Britton's  Architectural  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain.  With  300  copperplates. 
5  vols.  4to,  half  morocco,  gilt.     $40.00.  London,  1S36 

Britton's  Cathedral  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain.  300  copperplates.  5  vols. 
4to,  half  morocco,  gilt.     §50.00.  London,  1836 

Bronte  (Charlotte).  Novels,  with  Life  by  Mrs.  Gaskell.  A  Set  of  the  Original 
Editions.  13  vols,  crown  Svo,  handsomely  bound  in  new  half  gros-grained 
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by  Zaehnsdorf.     $175.00.  London,  1S47,  etc. 

Same.     Dent's  Edition.     12  vols.  i6mo,  cloth.     $12.00.  London,  1893 

Brougham  (Lord).  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen  and  Men  of  Letters  of 
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new  half  crushed  levant  extra,  gilt  tops.     $50.00.  London,  1839 

6 


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extra.     $115.00.  London,  1889 

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Bryan's  Dictionary  of  Painters  and  Engrarers,  Biographical  and  Critical.  New 
edition,  revised  and  enlarged,  edited  bv  Robt.  Edmund  Graves,  B.A.,  of  the 
British  Museum.  Illustrated  with  736  prints  by  ancient  and  modern  artists,  col- 
lected with  great  judgment  and  with  a  very  great  expense.  The  illustrations 
comprise  portraits  of  the  artists  and  engravings  from  their  most  famous  works, 
viz.,  landscapes,  scriptural  subjects,  domestic  scenes,  etc.,  etc.,  many  of  great 
value,  consisting  of  line  engravings,  mezzotints,  etchings,  fac-similes  of  draw- 
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Bncliiugham  (Duke  of).  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George  III.,  4  vols.;  Memoirs 
OF  THE  Regency,  1811-20,  2  vols.;  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George  IV., 
1820-30,  2  vols.;  Memoirs  of  the  Courts  and  Cabinets  of  William  IV.  and 
Victoria,  2  vols.  Together,  10  vols.  8vo,  illustrated  with  steel  portraits,  and 
uniformly  bound  in  half  calf,  gilt,  marbled  edges.     $45.00.  London,  1853-61 

Bnclfle's  History  of  Civilization.    Best  Edition.     2  vols.  8vo,  calf,  gilt.    $i7.5o- 

London,  1858 

Another  Edition.     3  vols,  crown  8vo,  cloth.     $5.00.  London,  1871 

Bulwer's  Novels  and  Romances.  Best  Library  Edition.  26  vols.  8vo,  half  mo- 
rocco extra.     $100.00.  London,  1878 

Another  Edition.     Portrait  and  plates.      40  vols.   i2mo,  half  morocco  extra. 

$120.00.  Boston,  1895 

Bunsen  (Baron).  God  in  History,  3  vols.;  PIippolytus  and  his  Age,  2  vols.;  Phi- 
losophy OF  Universal  History,  2  vols.  Together,  7  vols.  8vo,  new  half 
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Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress.  Portrait,  plates  and  cuts.  Major's  Beautiful 
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Burke's  Worlfs  on  the  Aristocracy  of  Great  Britain.  7  vols,  crown  8vo,  half 
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Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation.  Handsome  Large  Type  Library  Edition. 
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$25.00.  Oxford,  1816 

Burton's  Arabian  Nights.  A  Plain  and  Literal  Translation  of  the  Arabian 
Nights'  Entertainments  now  entitled  the  Book  of  the  Thousand  Nights  and 
One  Night,  with  Introduction,  Explanatory  Notes  on  the  Manners  and  Customs 
of  Moslem  Men,  and  a  Terminal  Essay  upon  the  History  of  the  Nights,  by 
Sir  Richard  F.  Burton,  10  vols.  Also,  The  Supplemental  Nights,  6  vols. 
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Benares  :  printed  for  Private  Subscribers  only,  1SS5-S8 

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were  suppressed  in  the  subsequent  issue.      16  vols,  royal  Svo.     $250.00. 

A  New  Edition  at  reduced   price.     Reprinted  from  Sir  Richard  Burton's  own 

copy,  containing  his  latest  additions,  improvements,  and  corrections,  and  edited 
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Original  Edition,  and  bound  in  black  cloth.     $45.00.  London,  1896 


Arabian  Nights.  Lady  Burton's  Edition.  The  best  translation  for  family  reading. 
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Lane's  Translation.     Plates  by  Brangwyn.     6  vols.  i8mo,  buckram.     $6.00. 

London, 1896 

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Burton's  (Capt.  Sir  Richard  F.)  Works.  Memorial  Edition,  comprising  Pilgrimage 
TO  Al-Madinah  and  Meccah,  Mission  to  Gelele,  Vikram  and  the  Vampire,  and 
First  Footsteps  in  East  Africa.  Together,  7  vols.  8vo,  cloth.  (Pub.  $16.80.) 
$7.50.  London,  v.  d. 

Burton's  (Sir  Richard)  Life,  by  his  wife.  Portraits,  illustrations  and  maps.  2  vols. 
8vo,  cloth.     (Pub.  $12.00.)     $6.00.  London,  1893 

Butler  (Samuel).  IIudibras,  with  Notes  by  Nash.  Beautiful  Edition,  printed  in 
Large  Type,  and  illustrated  with  folding  engravings  on  copper  by  Hogarth, 
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copies  printed.     $37.50.  London,  1793 

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copper.     3  vols.  8vo,  tree  calf  extra.     $12.00.  London,  i8ig 

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2  vols.     1835.     Also,  Poetical  Remains,  by  Thver.     Portraits  and  cuts.     1827. 
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polished  calf  extra.     $40.00.  London,  1855 

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Byron's  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers:  A  Satire.  Unique.  The  Octavo 
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Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors  and  Chief  Justices  of  England.    Best 

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London,  1849 
Caricatures.     A  series  of  loi   large  copperplate  engravings  of  political  caricatures 

lampooning  the  Anti-Jacobins  and  the  Leaders  of  the  French  Revolution.     Large 

folio,  half  morocco.     $25.00.  London,  about  1781-1807 

Carlyle's  Frederick   the  Great.    Best   Edition.     Portrait,  etc.     6  vols.    Svo,  half 

red  morocco  extra.     $37.50.  London,  1859 

Casanova  (Jacques  de  Seingalt).  Memoires  ecrits  par  lui  meme,  suivis  de  Fragments 
des  Memoires  du  Prince  de  Ligne.  Nouvelle  edition  collationnee  sur  I'edition 
originale  de  Leipsic.     8  vols.  8vo,  paper  covers.     $6.00.  Paris,  n.  d. 

The  Same,  literally  translated  into  English.     12  vols.  Svo,  white  vellum,  uncut. 

London, 1894 
8 


Catherine  II.     Le  Roman  d'une  Imperatrice,  par  Watiszewski.    8vo,  paper.    $1.75. 

Paris,  1894 
Catherine  II.    Autour  d'un  Trone.     Svo,  paper.    $1.75. 

Catharine  II.  Secret  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Petersburg.  2  vols.  8vo,  old 
calf.     $5.00.  London,  1800 

Cathedrals  and  Abbeys  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  A  series  of  upwards  of 
40  fine  large  folding  wood  engravings,  with  copious  descriptive  text  by  Richard 
Wheatley.     Royal  folio,  cloth.     $10.00.  New  York,  1890 

Cathedrals.  Mitrray's  Hand-books  to  the  Cathedrals  of  England.  Profusely 
illustrated  with  engravings  on  wood.  9  vols,  crown  Svo,  beautifully  bound  in 
new  half  blue  polished  morocco,  elegantly  tooled  backs,  rules  on  sides,  gilt  tops, 
by  Tout.     $60.00.  London,  1861-79 

Cathedrals  of  England:  Their  History  and  Architecture.  Numerous  tinted  plates. 
3  vols,  square  Svo,  cloth.     $7.50.  London,  n.  d. 

Caxton.  The  Dictes  and  Sayings  of  the  Philosophers.  A  fac-simile  of  the  first 
book  printed  by  Caxton  in  England.    Small  folio,  cloth.     (Pub.  $10.00.)    $4.50. 

London,  1877 

Cellini  (Benvenuto),  Orfevre,  Medailleur,  Sculpteur,  par  Eugene  Plon.  Illus- 
trated with  100  etchings,  heliogravures  and  engravings.  2  vols,  in  i,  4to,  new 
half  gros-grained  levant,  crushed  and  polished,  gilt  tops,  Jansen  style.     $30.00. 

Paris,  1883 

Cellini's  (Benv.)  Life,  translated  by  Symonds.  Portrait  and  cuts.  Crown  Svo,  cloth. 
$2.50.  London,  i8g6 

Cervantes's  Don  Quixote.  With  beautiful  engravings  after  Smirke.  4  vols.  410, 
full  russia,  gilt  edges.     Large  Paper  ;  India  Proofs.     $75.00.  London,  1818 

Another  Edition,  translated  by  Motteux.     Library  Edition  in  Large  Type. 

Portrait  and  32  etchings.     4  vols.  Svo,  half  morocco  extra.     $20.00.     London,  1892 

Another  Edition,  translated   by  Shelton.     Tudor  Edition.     4  vols,  square 

Svo,  buckram.     §20.00.  London,  1896 

Chaucer's  (Jeffrey)  Works,  with  the  Story  of  the  Siege  of  Thebes,  by  John 
Lidgate,  and  a  Life  of  Chaucer,  and  a  Glossary  by  T.  Speght.  With  fine  full 
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Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales,  with  Notes,  etc,  by  Tyrwhitt.  Pickering's  Beauti- 
ful Edition.  5  vols,  post  Svo,  full  gros-grained  olive  levant  extra.  Scarce. 
$45-00.  London,  1822 

Chatto  and  Jackson.  Treatise  on  Wood  Engraving,  Flistorical  and  Practical, 
with  an  additional  chapter  by  Henry  G.  Bohn,  on  the  Artists  and  Engravers  on 
Wood  of  the  Present  Day,  with  full  descriptive  account  of  the  Elements  and 
Practice  of  the  Art,  with  hints  on  woodcut  printing,  etc.,  with  over  400  illustra- 
tions engraved  on  wood  by  Jackson,  including  the  best  examples  of  modern 
English  engravers'  work.     Thick  imperial  Svo,  half  morocco,  gilt  top.     $7.50. 

N.  Y.  (London),  n.  d. 

Another  Copy.     Polished  calf  extra.     $12.00. 

Chesterfield's  Letter.S,  edited,  with  Notes,  by  Lord  Mahon.  Portraits.  Fine 
Large  Type  Edition.      5  vols.  Svo,  cloth.     $12.50.  Philadelphia,  1S92 

Chevigne.  Les  Contes  Remois.  Numerous  exquisite  vignettes  after  Meissonier. 
Svo,  half  calf,  gilt  top.     $7.50.  Paris,  i86i 

Cibber's  (Colley)  Apology,  edited  by  Robert  W.  Lowe.  With  26  original  mezzo- 
tint portraits  and  i3  etchings  by  Lalauze.     Japanese   Paper   Copy   on   Large 


Paper,  with  proofs  of  the  plates  in  two  states.  Only  20  copies  printed.  2  vols, 
imperial  8vo,  magnificently  bound  in  full  gros-grained  wine-colored  levant, 
crushed  and  polished,  by  Zaehnsdorf.     Preserved  in  a  pull-off  case.     $125.00. 

London,  i8Sg 

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gros-grained  levant,  gilt  tops,  by  Matthews.     $45.00. 

Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  and  Civil  Wars  in  England.  Best  Library 
Edition.     7  vols.  Svo,  tree  calf.     $25.00.  Oxford,  1849 

Claretie  (Jules).  Camille  Desmoulins  and  his  Wife.  Passages  from  the  History 
of  the  Dantonists,  translated  from  the  French  by  Mrs.  Hoey.  Portrait.  Svo. 
480  pages,  new  cloth.     (Reduced  from  $4.50.)     $1.50.  London,  1S76 

Cochin  China.  A  Voyage  to  Cochinchina  in  the  Years  1792  and  1793,  with 
full  account  of  the  Country,  its  Politics,  Manners  and  Customs,  Character  and 
Condition  of  its  Inhabitants,  etc.,  by  John  Barrow.  Illustrated  with  21  beautiful 
colored  aquatint  plates,  engraved  by  Medland.  4to,  old  calf,  gilt.  Fine  copy. 
Rare.     $6.00.  London,  1806 

Coleridge's  Collected  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  edited  by  Hartley  Coleridge. 
16  vols.  i8mo,  calf,  gilt.     $75.00.  London:  Pickering  and  AIoxon,\%'>,^,&X.z. 

Costumes  of  the  French  Revolution,  1790-1793,  together  with  English  Costumes 
during  the  years  1795-1806,  drawn  from  the  collection  of  Victorien  Sardou, 
with  an  Introduction  by  Clarence  Cook.  A  series  of  65  plates  etched  by 
Gillaumot  fils,  and  colored  by  hand.  4to,  new  cloth,  uncut.  (Pub.  S20.00.) 
$10.00.  New  York,  1889 

Costume  Historique.  Illustrated  with  500  plates,  300  of  which  are  in  colors,  gold 
and  silver,  and  200  in  tinted  lithography,  representing  authentic  examples  of  the 
Costumes  and  Ornaments  of  all  Times,  among  all  Nations,  with  numerous  choice 
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Explanatory  Notices  and  Historical  Dissertations  (in  French),  by  A,  Racinet. 
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$10.00.  Paris,  i860 

Columbus.  The  Spanish  Letter  of  Columbus  to  Luis  de  Sant-Angel,  dated  15^ 
February  1493.  Reprinted  in  fac-simile.  Translated  and  edited  from  the  unique 
copy  of  the  original  edition.     4to,  half  morocco.    $10.00.     London:   Qiiaritch,  1891 

Cox's  (Geo.  W.)  Mythology  of  the  Aryan  Nations.  2  vols.  Svo,  half  morocco, 
gilt  tops,  uncut.     Very  scarce.     $15.00.  London,  1870 

Craik's  Romance  of  the  Peerage.  Portraits.  4  vols,  crown  Svo,  half  polished 
morocco  extra.     $22.50.  London,  1848 

Creasy's  Fifteen  Decisive  Battles  of  the  World.    Post  Svo,  tree  calf  extra.    $5.00. 

London,  1874 


Crowe's  History  of  France.  Best  English  Edition,  printed  in  Large  Type.  5  vols 
8vo,  new  half  gros-grained  levant,  crushed  and  polished,  gilt  backs,  gilt  tops,  by 
MoRRELL.     $45.00.  London,  1858 

Crowe  and  Caralcaselle's  Works  on  Art:  History  of  Painting  in  Italy,  5  vols.; 
Early  Flemish  Painters,  i  vol. ;  Life  of  Titian,  2  vols.;  and  Life  of  Raphael, 
2  vols.  Together,  10  vols.  Svo,  profusely  illustrated,  uniformly  bound  in  full 
levant  super  extra,  by  Zaehnsdorf.     §300.00.  London,  1864-82 

Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle's  History  of  Painting  in  Italy.  Illustrated.  5  vols.  8vo, 
cloth.     $130.00.  London,  1864 

Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle's  Life  of  Titian.    Illustrated.     2  vols.  8vo,  cloth.    $9.00. 

London,  1881 

Cruikshank.  Omnibus,  edited  by  Laman  Blanchard.  With  100  engravings  on  steel 
and  wood  by  George  Cruikshank.  Original  edition.  Svo,  full  polished  calf 
extra,  gilt  edges.     $30.00.  London,  1842 

Cruikshank.  Bentley's  Miscellany,  first  22  vols.,  illustrated  with  fine  plates  by 
Cruikshank,  Leech,  etc.     22  vols.  8vo.     $75.00.  London,  v.  d. 

Cruikshank  (George).  The  Comic  Almanack.  With  numerous  illustrations  by 
George  Cruikshank.  From  1835  to  1S53,  inclusive.  The  Original  Issue. 
Together,  19  vols,  half  crushed  levant,  uncut,  gilt  tops.     Perfectly  clean.     $80.00. 

London,  1835  to  1853 

Cruikshank. — Gore  (Mrs.)  The  Snow  Storm,  New  Year's  Day,  and  The  In- 
undation. With  characteristic  engravings  by  George  Cruikshank.  3  vols.  i8mo, 
polished  calf  extra,  gilt  edges.     Original  Editions.     $22.50.  London,  v.  d. 

Cruikshank's  Illustrations  to  Oliver  Twist.  A  series  of  25  water  colors,  most 
carefully  colored  by  hand,  in  exact  fac-simile  of  the  originals  by  George  Cruik- 
shank.    Imperial  8vo,  in  cloth  portfolio.     Only  a  few  copies  issued.     $15.00. 

London,  n.  d. 

Cruikshank. — Roscoe's  Novelist's  Library,  viz.:  Humphrey  Clinker,  Roderick 
Random,  Peregrine  Pickle,  Tom  Jones,  Joseph  Andrews,  Amelia,  Vicar  of 
Wakefield,  Sir  Launcelot  Graves,  Tristram  Shandy,  Sentimental  Journey, 
Don  Quixote,  Gil  Blas  and  Robinson  Crusoe,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Authors,  by 
T.  RoscoE,  1831-33.  Complete  Set.  Together,  19  vols,  foolscap  8vo.  With 
go  humorous  plates  by  George  Cruikshank,  and  10  portraits,  Fine  Original 
Impressions,  Very  Fine  Set  in  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  edges.     $150.00. 

Cruikshank.  The  Cruikshankian  Momus  :  Pictorial  Broadsides  and  Humorous 
Song-Headings,  by  the  Three  Cruikshanks.  52  designs  colored  by  hand.  Im- 
perial Svo,  cloth.     (Reduced  from  $15.00.)     $7.50.  London,  1892 

Curtis's  Descriptive  and  Historical  Catalogue  of  the  Works  of  Velazquez  and 
Murillo.     4  etchings.     Large  Svo,  cloth.     $7.50.  New  York,  1883 
Large  Paper,  with  proofs  of  the  etchings.     Colombier  Svo,  cloth.     $12.00. 

Dalton  (C.)  Life  and  Times  of  Gen.  Sir  Edward  Cecil,  Viscount  Wimbledon, 
1605-1638.     Portrait.     2  vols.  Svo,  cloth,  uncut.     $2.00.  London,  1885 

Daly  (Augustin).  Peg  Woffington.  Handsomely  printed  on  Thick  Paper  and 
illustrated  with  16  full-page  portraits.  Privately  Printed,  and  only  100  copies. 
Imperial  4to,  cloth  gilt,  gilt  top.     (Pub.  $40.00.)     $20.00.  New  York,  1888 

Daniel  (Geo.)  Merrie  England  in  the  Olden  Time.  Original  edition,  with  clever 
illustrations  by  John  Leech.  2  vols,  small  Svo,  inlaid  to  4to  size,  and  extra- 
illustrated  by  a  tastefully  selected  series  of  70  portraits,  90  views,  20  newspaper 


cuttings,  and  an   autograph   letter  of  the  author  on   one   page.     4to,  elegantly 
bound  by  Tout  in  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  edges.    $300.00.    London:  Bentley,i%^2 

Dante's  DiTina  Commedia,  translated  by  James  Ford,  A.M.  Frontispiece.  i2mo, 
cloth.     (Pub.  $3.00.)     $1.00.  London,  1870 

D'Arblay's  (Mme.)  Diary  and  Letters.  Best  Edition.  Portraits,  fac-similes,  etc. 
Extra-illustrated  Copy  with  215  fine  and  rare  portraits  of  Celebrated 
Personages,  Views  of  Places,  Buildings,  etc.  (some  proofs  on  India  paper), 
folding  colored  plates,  mezzotints,  etc.  7  vols,  post  8vo,  elegantly  bound  in  new 
polished  calf,  elaborately  tooled  backs,  green  and  plum  colored  labels,  rules  on 
sides,  inside  borders,  gilt  edges,  by  Tout.     A  bargain.     $150.00.       London,  1842 

Another  Edition.     Portrait.     4  vols.  8vo,  half  morocco  extra.     $17.50. 

London, 1S93 

Decoration.  Alexandre  (Arsene).  Histoire  de  l'Art  Decoratif  du  XVIe  Siecle  k 
nos  jours.  Handsomely  printed  and  illustrated  by  48  fine  large  colored  plates, 
12  etchings  and  526  engravings  scattered  through  the  text.  Large  4to.  paper 
cover.     $16.00.  Paris,  1891 

Decoration.  Dessins  de  Decoration  des  principaux  maitres  rcunis  et  reproduits 
sous  la  direction  de  Guichard.  40  large  plates,  each  comprising  several 
examples,  engraved  on  copper  (some  in  colors).  Folio,  in  a  cloth  portfolio. 
(Pub.  $30.00).     $17.50.  Paris,  1881 

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Decoration.  Les  Arts  du  Metal,  par  J.  B.  Giraud.  50  superb  plates  of  Objects 
of  Art  executed  in  metal — Gold,  Silver,  Bronze,  Iron,  etc.  Folio,  in  cloth  port- 
folio.    (Pub.  $37.50.)     $25.00.  Paris,  1881 

De  Foe's  Robinson  Crusoe.  Best  Library  Edition.  With  fine  engravings  on 
copper  by  Heath  after  the  designs  of  Thos.  Stothard.  Large  Paper  Copy. 
2  vols,  royal  8vo,  superbly  bound  in  dark  green  gros-grained  levant,  crushed  and 
polished,  elaborately  gilt  tooled  backs  and  sides,  bj*  Zaehnsdorf.  Preserved  in 
a  pull-off  case.     $125.00.  London,  1820 

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Another   Edition.      Plates  and  vignettes  after  Cruikshank  on   India  Paper. 

Demy  4to,  cloth.     Large  Paper.    (Pub.  $12.00.)    $6.00.  N.  V.  (London),  1884 

Delany  (Mrs.)  Autobiography  and  Correspondence.  Both  series  complete.  6  vols. 
8vo,  polished  calf  extra,  by  Tout.     $65.00.  London,  1861 

Another  Copy.     6  vols,  half  polished  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops.     $50.00. 

Dennistonn's  Memoirs  of  tlie  Dukes  of  Urbino,  illustrating  the  Arms,  Arts,  and 
Literature  of  Italy  from  1440  to  1630.  Illustrated  with  35  plates  on  steel  and 
wood.     3  vols.  8vo,  new  half  polished  morocco  gilt,  gilt  tops.     Scarce.     $25.00. 

London,  1851 

Another  Copy,  cloth,  uncut.     $12.50. 

Dibdin's  (Thos.  F.)  Bibliographical  Works,  comprising  Bibliographical  De- 
cameron, 3  vols.;  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana,  yEuES  Althorpian.^;,  and  Cassano 
Catalogue,  7  vols.;  Bibliographical,  Antiquarian,  and  Picturesque  Tour  in 
France  and  Germany,  3  vols.;  Tour  in  Northern  Counties  and  in  Scotland, 
2  vols.;  Typographical  Antiquities,  4  vols.;  Library  Companion,  Large  Paper, 
2  vols.;  Introduction  to  the  Classics,  Large  Paper,  2  vols.;  Reminiscences  of 
a  Literary  Life,  2  vols.;  Bibliomania;  Bibliophobia  ;  Thos.  a  Kempis;  Poems  ; 
Lewis's  Etchings  Illustrating  the  Tour  in  France  and  Germany  ;  Lettre 
d'un  Relieur  Fran^ais  a  UN  Bibliographe  Anglais.  Together,  31  vols.  4to  and 
large  8vo,  uniformly  bound  in  half  dark  blue  morocco,  gilt  tops.     $750.00. 

London,  1810-42 

12 


Dibdiu  (Thos.  F.)  The  Bikliographical  Decameron;  or,  Ten  Days'  Pleasant  Dis- 
course upon  Illuminated  Manuscripts  and  Subjects  connected  with  Early  En- 
gravings, Typography,  and  Bibliography.  Numerous  portraits  and  illustrative 
plates,  many  of  them  upon  India  paper.  3  vols,  royal  8vo.  Fine  copy  in  the 
original  boards.     $100.00.  London,  181 7 

Dibdin's  (Thos.  F.)  Bibliographical,  Antiquarian  and  Picturesque  Tour  in 
France  and  Germany.  Illustrated  with  numerous  exquisitely  engraved  plates 
and  vignettes  on  copper,  by  Lewis  and  others,  the  vignettes  printed  on  India 
paper.  3  thick  vols,  royal  Svo,  full  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  borders  on  sides  and 
inside,  gilt  edges.     $90.00.  London,  1821 

Another  Copy,  calf,  marbled  edges,     $60.00. 

Dibdin's  (Thos.  F.)  Introduction  to  the  Know^ledge  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
Classics.  Fourth  Edition,  enlarged  and  corrected.  2  vols,  imperial  Svo,  half 
morocco,  gilt  tops.     Large  Paper.     $15.00.  London,  1827 

Dibdin's  (Thos.  F.)  Bibliomania;  or,  Book  Madness:  A  Bibliographical  Romance. 
Portrait  and  cuts.  Large  and  Thick  Paper.  2  vols  in  i,  thick  royal  8vo,  half 
Roxburghe  morocco.     $40.00.  London,  1841 

Dickens  (Chas.)  Works.  A  fine  set,  mostly  of  the  original  editions,  comprising 
Sketches  by  Boz,  3  vols.,  1836-37  ;  Pickwick  Papers,  1837  ;  Oliver  Twist,  3 
vols.,  1839  ;  Memoirs  of  Joseph  Grimaldi,  2  vols.,  1838;  Nicholas  Nickleby, 
1839  ;  Master  Humphrey's  Clock,  3  vols.,  1840-41;  Pic-Nic  Papers,  3  vols.,  1831; 
American  Notes,  2  vols.,  1842;  Christmas  Books,  5  vols.,  1843-48;  Martin 
Chuzzlewit,  1844  ;  Pictures  from  Italy,  1846;  Dombey  &  Son,  1848  ;  David 
Copperfield,  1850  ;  Child's  History  of  England,  3  vols.,  1852-54  ;  Bleak  House, 
1853;  Hard  Times,  1854;  Little  Dorrit,  1857;  Tale  of  Two  Cities,  1859; 
Great  Expectations,  3  vols.,  1861  ;  Uncommercial  Traveller,  1861  ;  Our 
Mutual  Friend,  2  vols.,  1865  ;  Edwin Drood,  1870,  and  Life,  by  Forster,  3  vols., 
1872-74.  Together,  48  vols.  Svo,  post  Svo  and  foolscap  Svo,  full  bound  in  olive 
calf  extra,  gilt  edges.     $600.00.  London,  v.  d. 

Dickens  (Chas.)  Complete  Works,  with  numerous  fine  plates  after  "  Phiz."  30  vols. 
Svo,  half  calf  extra,  gilt  tops.     $75.00.  London  :  Chapman  &=  Hall,  n.  d. 

Dickens'  Aquarelles.  12  original  illustrations  of  the  Pickwick  Papers,  by  "Stylus," 
carefully  drawn  and  colored  by  hand.     Imperial  Svo,  in  neat  portfolio.     $3.00. 

New  York,  188S 

Same.     12  illustrations  to  the  Old  Curiosity  Shop.     $3.00. 

Dickens.  Collection  of  Books  by  and  about  Charles  Dickens,  comprising  The 
Pic-Nic  Papers,  with  illustrations  by  Geo.  Cruikshank  and  "  Phiz,"  crown  Svo, 
n.  d.;  Dickens's  Speeches,  vignette  portraits,  crown  Svo,  n.  d.;  Hard  Times,  first 
edition,  crown  Svo,  1S54  ;  Immortelles  from  Charles  Dickens,  by  "  Ich,"  crown 
Svo,  1S56;  Life  of  Charles  Dickens,  by  Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie,  with  por- 
trait and  autograph,  thick  crown  Svo,  Philadelphia,  1870  ;  Pen  Photographs  of 
Charles  Dickens's  Readings,  by  Kate  Field,  portrait  and  12  illustrations, 
crown  Svo,  1S71  ;  Charles  Dickens  as  a  Reader,  by  Charles  Kent,  crown  Svo, 
1S72 ;  Dickens's  London,  by  T.  Edgar  Pemberton,  crown  Svo,  1876;  The 
Childhood  and  Youth  of  Charles  Dickens,  by  Robert  Langton,  illustrations, 
crown  Svo,  1883  ;  Charles  Dickens  as  I  Knew  Him,  by  George  Dolby,  1885  ; 
Dickensiana,  a  bibliography,  compiled  by  Fred.  G.  Kitton,  with  portrait,  crown 
Svo,  18S6  ;  Charles  Dickens  and  the  Stage,  by  Pemberton,  with  portraits,  crown 
Svo,  1S88  ;  The  Lazy  Tour  of  Two  Idle  Apprentices,  etc.,  by  Charles  Dickens 
and  WiLKiE  Collins,  with  illustrations,  Svo,  iSgo.  Together,  13  vols.  Svo  and 
crown  Svo,  uniformly  bound  in  new  half  brown  morocco  gilt,  gilt  tops.     §67.50. 

London,  v.  d. 

13 


Dickens.  The  Life  of  Charles  Dickens,  by  John  Forster,  with  portraits,  3 
vols.;  The  Letters  of  Charles  Dickens,  edited  by  his  sister-in-law  and  his 
eldest  daughter,  3  vols.  Together,  6  vols.  8vo,  full  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  tops, 
by  Riviere.     $30.00.  London,  1872-S0 

Dobson  (Austin).  Thomas  Bewick  and  his  Pupils.  Illustrated.  i2mo,  cloth,  gilt 
top.     $2.50.  London,  1884 

Poran  (Dr.)  "Their  Majesties'  Servants."  Annals  of  the  English  Stage  from 
Thomas  Betterton  to  Edmund  Kean,  edited  and  revised.  Illustrated  with 
upward  of  400  very  rare  portraits,  views,  old  Theatres,  etc.,  many  of  them  India 
proofs,  portraits  of  Actors  and  Authors,  and  other  persons  mentioned  in  the  text. 
4  vols,  imperial  8vo,  full  red  crushed  levant  extra,  gilt  tops,  uncut,  by  Matthews. 
$275.00.  New  York,  1865 

Dramatists  of  the  Restoration,  comprising  Sir  Wm.  Davenant.  5  vols.;  John 
Crowne,  4  vols.;  Sir  Aston  Cokain  ;  John  Lacy;  John  Wilson;  Shakerley 
Marmion,  and  Tatham.  Edited  by  James  MAiDMENTand  W.  II.  Logan.  14  vols. 
8vo,  Large  Paper,  cloth,  uncut.    (Reduced  from  $98.00.)   $35.00.    Edinburgh,  1872 

Same,  Small  Paper,  14  vols,  crown  8vo.     (Pub.  $56.00.)     §14.00. 

Drjden  (John).  Works,  with  Notes  and  Life  by  Sir  Walter  Scott.  With  portrait. 
iS  vols.  8vo,  old  calf.     §40.00.  1-ondon,  180S 

Diifonr.  IIistoire  de  la  Prostitution  chcz  tous  les  Peuples  du  Monde,  depuis 
I'Antiquite  la  plus  recuk'e  jusqu'a  nos  Jours,  par  Pierre  Dufour.  Illustrated 
with  engravings  on  steel.     6  vols.  8vo,  cloth.     $15.00.  Paris,  1S51 

Dumas  fils  (Alexandre).  Un  Cas  de  Rupture.  Illustrations  page  a  page,  par 
Eugene  Courhouin.  One  of  40  copies  on  Japan  paper,  with  double  suite  of  en- 
gravings.    4to,  half  levant  extra,  gilt  top.     $60.00.  Paris,  1892 

Dh  Sommerard,  Les  Arts  an  Moyen  Agrc,  both  divisions,  as  follows  :  Album,  portrait 
and  402  plates;  Atlas,  108  plates  and  illuminated  title.  In  all,  510  most  beautiful 
plates,  executed  in  imitation  of  the  originals,  in  gold,  silver,  and  colors,  com- 
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Jewels,  Silversmiths'  Work,  and  Costume.  6  vols,  imperial  folio,  of  plates.  5  vols, 
royal  8vo,  of  descriptive  text.  Together,  11  vols,  new  half  morocco,  gilt  tops. 
$375-Oo.  Paris.  183S-48 

Dutnit.  Manuel  de  l'Amateur  d'Estampes,  par  M.  Eugene  Dutuit.  Illustrated 
with  a  large  number  of  fac-similes  of  rare  prints  reproduced  by  the  heliogravure 
process.  To  be  completed  in  8  vols,  large  8vo,  of  from  500  to  700  pages  each, 
bound  in  white  calf,  Italian  style.  Vol.  I.,  Part  I..  Vol.  I.,  Part  II.,  Vol.  IV., 
Vol.  V.  and  Vol.  VI.  are  now  ready.  (Reduced  from  §15.00.)  Price  per  volume, 
$7- 50.  Paris,  v.  d. 

Eastlake's  Hints  on  Houseliold  Taste,  in  Furniture,  Upholstery,  and  other  details. 
Profusely  illustrated.     Svo,  cloth.    (Pub.  $4.00.)    $2.00.     London:  Longjnans,  1878 

Edgrcworth's  (Miss)  Complete  Novels.  Dent's  pretty  little  edition.  Frontispieces 
and  vignettes.     12  vols.  i8mo,  new  half  crimson  levant,  gilt  tops.     $36.00. 

London, 1893 

Eliot's  (George)  Complete  Works.  Best  edition.  24  vols,  crown  Svo,  half  morocco 
extra,  by  Stikeman.     §90.00.  Edinburgh,  n.  d. 

Eliot's  (George)  Romola.  Hand-made  paper  edition  (250  copies),  illustrated  with 
portraits  and  about  60  photogravures.  3  vols.  Svo,  half  polished  morocco  extra. 
$27.50.  Philadelphia,  1890 

Elliot  (Frances  M.)  Old  Court  Life  in  Spain.  Handsomely  printed.  2  vols.  Svo, 
cloth,  uncut.     (Pub.  $7.20.)     $4.00.  London:  Chapman  b'  Hall,  1893 

14 


Emerson's  (R.  W.)  Complete  Works.  Riverside  edition.  12  vols,  crown  8vo,  half 
calf  extra.     $39.00.  Boston,  1894 

Evolution  of  Morality :  Being  a  History  of  the  Development  of  Moral  Culture,  by 
C.  Staniland  Wake,  author  of  Serpent  Worship,  etc.  2  vols,  post  8vo,  cloth, 
about  500  pages  each.     (Pub.  $8,00.)     $4.00.  London,  1878 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica.  Latest  Edition.  Profusely  illustrated.  25  vols.  4to, 
new  half  morocco.     (Pub.  $175.00.)     $100.00.  New  York  :   Scribners 

Fielding^'s  Works.     Plates  by  "Phiz."     5  vols.  8vo,  half  calf  extra.     $17.50. 

London,  n.  d. 

Another  Edition.     Edition  de  Luxe.     Numerous  plates.     12  vols,  royal  8vo, 

cloth.     (Pub.  §48.00.)     $30.00.  London,  18S4 

Florence  Gallery.  Galerie  de  Florence  et  du  Palais  Pitti.  Frontispiece  and 
200  large  copperplate  engravings,  containing  400  beautiful  engravings  on  copper 
after  the  most  celebrated  Pictures,  Statues,  Cameos,  Gems  and  Bas-Reliefs  of 
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Another    Edition,    with   same   plates.      4  vols,    folio,   old   red   morocco,   gilt. 

$100.00.  Paris,  i8ig 

Forlong  (Major-Gen.  J.  G.  R.)  Rivers  of  Life;  or,  The  Faiths  of  Man  in  all  Lands. 
With  maps,  plates  and  numerous  illustrations.  2  vols.  4to,  pp.  1270,  cloth,  and 
large  separate  chart,  in  cloth  case.     $30.00.  London,  1883 

Forlongr  (Major-Gen.  J.  G.  R.)  Short  Studies  of  Comparative  Religions,  em- 
bracing more  especially  those  of  Asia.  Maps  and  illustrations.  Imperial  8vo, 
cloth.     $11.00.  London,  1897 

Forster's  Life  of  Sir  John  Eliot.  Best  edition.  Portrait.  2  vols.  8vo,  polished 
calf  extra.     $10.50.  London,  1864 

Forster's  Life  of  Olirer  Goldsmith.  Portrait  and  cuts.  2  vols.  8vo,  half  morocco 
extra.     $9.00.  London,  1871 

Same.     Original  Edition.     Portrait  and  vignettes.     Thick  post  8vo,  cloth,  gilt. 

Scarce.     $5.00.  London,  1848 

Freeman's  (Prof.)  Historical  Works,  comprising  Norman  Conquest  of  England, 
6  vols.;  Reign  of  William  Rufus,  2  vols.;  Historical  Geography  of  Europe, 
2  vols.;  Chief  Periods  of  European  History;  Historical  Essays,  4  vols.; 
English  Towns  and  Districts  ;  Four  Oxford  Lectures  ;  and  Methods  of 
Historical  Study.  Best  Editions.  18  vols.  8vo,  elegantly  bound  in  polished 
calf  extra,  gilt  tops.     $165.00.  London,  1869,  etc. 

Freer's  (Miss)  Historical  Works  Complete,  comprising  Henry  IIL,  his  Court 
and  Times,  3  vols. ;  Life  of  Margaret  d'Angouleme,  Queen  of  Navarre,  2  vols. ; 
Life  of  Jeanne  d'Albret,  Queen  of  Navarre,  2  vols. ;  LIenry  IV.  and  the 
League,  2  vols.;  Henry  IV.  and  Marie  de  Medici,  2  vols.;  Henry  IV.,  Last 
Decade  of  a  Glorious  Reign,  2  vols.;  Elizabeth  de  Valois,  Queen  of  Spain, 
and  the  Court  of  Philip  II.,  2  vols.;  Married  Life  of  Anne  of  Austria, 
2  vols.;  and  Regency  of  Anne  of  Austria,  2  vols.  Together,  19  vols.  8vo  and 
post  8vo,  illustrated  with  portraits  on  steel.  Plalf  morocco,  gilt  tops.  Fine  set. 
$175.00.  London,  1854-66 

Fronde's  (J.  A.)  Works,  comprising  History  of  England,  12  vols.;  The  English 
IN  Ireland  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,  3  vols.;  Short  Studies  of  Great 
Subjects,  4  vols. ;  C^sar,  a  Sketch  ;  The  Divorce  of  Catherine  of  Aragon, 
and  The  Spanish  Story  of  the  Armada;  English  Seamen,  i  vol.;  Erasmus, 
I  vol.;  Council  of  Trent,  i  vol.;  Oceana,  i  vol.;  English  in  West  Indies,  and 

15 


Thomas  the  Pilgrim,  i  vol.     Best  Large  Type  Library  Editions.     Together, 
28  vols.  8vo,  handsomely  bound  in  new  half  gros-grained  levant  extra.     $200.00. 

London,  1856-92 

Froude  (J.  A.)  The  Spanish  Story  of  the  Armada.  First  edition.  8vo,  cloth. 
$6.00.  London,  1892 

Furinan  (Gabriel).  Antiquities  of  Long  Island,  with  a  Bibliography  by  Henry 
Onderdonk,  Jr. ,to  which  is  added  Notes,  Geographical  and  Historical,  relating 
to  the  town  of  Brooklyn,  in  Kings  County,  on  Long  Island.  Large  i2mo,  cloth. 
$3.00.  New  York,  1874 

Furniture  and  Decoration.  Dictionnaire  de  l'Ameuble.ment  et  de  la  Decora- 
tion, DEPUis  LE  XVIIe  SifecLE  jusQu'A  Nos  JouRS,  par  Henry  Havard.  4 
magnificent  vols,  imperial  8vo,  printed  in  double  columns  from  large  bold  type, 
1,400  pages  each.  illustrated  with  upwards  of  1,800  engravings  in  the  text, 
together  with  64  large  plates,  size  of  the  page,  many  in  chromo-lithography, 
heightened  with  gold,  etc.     (Pub.  $55.00.)     $40.00.  Paris,  1S88-90 

Furniture  and  Decoration.  Chippendale's  The  Gentleman  and  Cabinet-Maker's 
Director,  being  a  large  collection  of  the  most  elegant  and  useful  designs  of 
Household  Furniture  in  the  most  fashionable  taste.  A  series  of  200  large  en- 
graved plates  reproduced  in  fac-simile  from  the  scarce  third  edition  of  1762. 
Royal  folio,  new  half  mottled  calf,  yellow  edges.     $35.00.  London 

Furniture  and  Decoration  in  England  during  the  Eighteenth  Century.  Fac- 
simile reproductions  of  the  choicest  examples  from  the  works  of  Chippendale, 
Adam,  Richardson,  IIeppelwhite,  Sheraton,  Pergolesi,  and  others.  Selected 
by  John  Aldam  Heaton.    4  vols,  large  folio,  cloth  portfolios.    $45.00.    London,  1894 

Galerie  de  Versailles,  public'  par  Gavard.  Several  thousand  beautiful  engravings 
on  copper,  representing  Historical  vScenes,  Battles,  and  Famous  Personages  of 
French  History,  from  the  time  of  the  Gauls  to  the  time  of  Louis  Philippe.  23  vols. 
(19  vols,  imperial  folio,  of  plates,  and  4  vols,  royal  4to,  of  text),  half  red  morocco. 
$360.00.  Paris,  1838 

Gardening^.  A  History  of  Gardening  in  England,  by  the  Hon.  Alicia  Amherst. 
With  67  engravings,  full-page  and  vignette.     Royal  Svo,  cloth,  gilt.     $6.50. 

London,  i8g6 

Garnier.  L'Histoire  de  l'Habitation  Humaine.  A  series  of  25  fine  etchings  and 
15  vignettes.     Folio,  in  portfolio.     (Pub.  50  fcs.)     $10.00.  Paris,  1890 

Garnier's  Soft  Porcelain  of  Sevres.  With  50  colored  plates.  Folio,  half  mo- 
rocco extra.     $50.00.  London,  1892 

G6rome  (J.  L.),  CEuvres  de.  Edition  de  Grand  Luxe,  consisting  of  portrait  of 
the  Artist,  and  84  superb  reproductions  from  the  Original  Paintings  by  the  beau- 
tiful photogravure  process  of  Goupil  &  Co.  Brilliant  early  impressions,  printed 
on  India  paper,  with  Descriptive  Notes.  2  vols,  royal  folio,  new  half  morocco, 
gilt.     $100.00.  Paris:  Goupil  ^  Co. 

Gibbon's  Decline  .and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  with  Notes  by  Milman.     Maps. 

12  vols.  Svo,  new  half  calf,  gilt.     Best  Edition,     $40.00.  London,  183S 
Another  Edition,  edited  by  Milman,  Guizot  and  Smith.     Maps.     8  vols.  Svo, 

polished  calf  extra.     $45.00.  London,  1854 

Gnostics  (The)  AND  their  Remains,  by  C.  W.  King.     Plates.     Svo,  cloth.     $6.00. 

London,  1864 

Gnostics.     PiSTis  Sophia  :     A  Gnostic  Gospel.     Svo,  cloth.     $2.50.  London,  1896 

16 


Godwin's  History  of  the  Commonwealth.    4  vols.  8vo,  half  calf,  g^^t.  Jjo^oo.^^^^ 

t;onse.     L'ART  GOTHiQUE.     With  as  full-page  plates  and  about  300  ^ignette^s^^,  FoHo, 

boards.     $25.00.  ' 

.,,      11,     /T  u   \   noTviTTHATorTrAL  AND  OTHER  Works,  comprising   Birds  of  Great 

?e"9^e^ditionnea^^c^^^^^^^ 

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fully  colored  plates,  with  descnpUons,i  vol.,  1854  ,^ART^^^^^^^^ 
fine  colored  plates,  with  descriptions,  i  vol.,  1850  ,  mammals  ^^  f^  '    ^ 

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morocco  extra,  gilt  edges.     $250.00. 

erammont's  Memoir,  by  A«™.v  HAM.,.™   wu^^^^^^^^^ 

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2  vols.  Svo,  cloth.     $7- 50. 

OroSTenor  Gallery.    I--.s-atkd  Catalogue  of  Dkawinosbv  t^^^^^ 
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hibition  1877-78).  with  a  critical  Introduction  by  L  Co  n^  Carr  With  u  ^^^_ 
full-page  plates  on  Holland  paper.  A  handsome  volume.  4  ,  V^^^^^^^  ^g^g 
(Pub.  $3-00.)    $1.50. 

-ti:^-dsS?^^.Sne-So-%^ 

—^roTHE^ E:iti!!:-°:2  vols.  crown  8VO,  tree  calf,  gilt.  S30.00.  London,  186, 
Guhernatis's  Zoological  Mythology.    2  vols.  8vo,  cloth.    $7.50.  London,  1872 

Hakluyt's  (Richard)  Voyages.  Black  Letter.  3  vols,  in  2,  folio,  ^"11^-1^-/-, 
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Hakluyt  Society  Publications.     33  vols.  8vo,  cloth,  uncut.     $75.oo.^^^^^^  ^^^^_^^ 


17 


Halkett  and  Laing'.  Anonymous  and  Pseudonymous  Literature  of  Great 
Britain,  A  Dictionary  of,  including  the  Works  of  P'oreigners  written  in  or 
translated  into  the  English  Language.  4  vols,  imperial  Svo,  cloth.  (Pub.  £S  8s.) 
$20.00.  Edinburgh,  1882 

Hals  (Frans).  A  series  of  20  beautifully  executed  etchings,  after  this  famous  artist, 
by  William  Unger.  With  an  Essay  on  the  Life  and  Works  of  the  Artist,  by 
C.  VosMAER.  Selected  proofs  on  India  paper.  2  parts,  folio,  paper.  (Pub.  $40.00.) 
$20.00.  N.  Y.  (Leyden),  1876 

Same.     Artist's  proofs  on  Dutch  paper.     (Pub.  $60.00.)     $30.00. 

Hallam's  Historical  Works.  Best  Library  Edition.  9  vols.  Svo,  half  polished 
morocco  extra.     $27.50.  London,  1843 

Hamerton^S  Man  in  Art.  Numerous  etchings  and  photogravures.  Large  Paper 
Copy.     (175  copies.)     Folio,  vellum.     (Pub.  $60.00.)    $37.50.  London,  1892 

Hamilton,  Emma,  Lady,  Memoirs  of,  with  Anecdotes  of  her  Friends  and  Contem- 
poraries, edited  by  W.  H.  Long.     Portraits.     Crown  Svo,  cloth.     $2.00. 

N.  Y.  (London),  1896 

Hamilton  Palace  Collection.  Illustrated  Catalogue  (priced)  of  this  celebrated  col- 
lection comprising  Pictures  by  the  Old  Masters,  Miniatures,  P'urniture,  Sevres, 
Italian,  Oriental,  Japanese  and  Chinese  Porcelain,  Etruscan  Pottery,  Rock  Crystal, 
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Work,  Venetian  and  Persian  Glass,  Ivory  Carvings,  Tapestry,  Greek,  Roman  and 
English  Coins,  etc.     Numerous  engravings.     410,  cloth.     (Pub.  ;i^i  is.)     $2.50. 

London, 1882 

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Biographical  Sketches;  Florence;  Days  near  Rome,  2  vols.;  Cities  of 
Northern  Italy,  2  vols.;  Life  and  Letters  of  Baroness  Bunsen,  2  vols.; 
Venice;  Cities  of  Central  Italy;  Memorials  of  a  Quiet  Life,  3  vols.;  Story 
of  Two  Noble  Lives,  3  vols.;  The  Gurneys  of  Earlham,  and  Walks  in  Lon- 
don, 2  vols.  Together,  33  vols.  Svo  and  crown  Svo,  handsomely  bound  in  new 
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Harleian  Miscellany.  A  collection  of  scarce,  curious,  and  entertaining  pamphlets 
and  tracts,  edited  by  Oldys  and  Park.  Best  edition.  10  vols,  royal  410,  old 
calf,  gilt.     $30.00.  London,  1808 

Hawkins  (Gen.  Rush  C.)  Better  than  Men.  Frontispiece.  Square  i2mo,  cloth, 
gilt  top.     $2.00.  New  York,  1896 

Hawthorne's  Works.  Riverside  Edition.  Portrait.  13  vols.  Svo,  half  polished 
calf,  gilt.     $35.00.  Boston 

Hayes  (Capt.)  POINTS  OF  THE  HORSE.  A  Familiar  Treatise  on  Equine  Con- 
formation, with  Chapters  on  the  Breeds  of  English  and  Foreign  Horses.  With 
about  550  beautiful  illustrations  mostly  reproduced  from  photographs,  the  larger 
number  of  which  were  taken  by  the  author  and  have  never  before  been  published. 
Second  Edition,  Revised,  with  Additional  Illustrations.  Large  Paper 
Copy,  limited  to  100  copies.     410,  cloth  gilt,  gilt  top.     (Pub.  £3  3s.)     $15.00. 

London,  1897 

***  This  edition  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  second  edition,  the  small  paper  copies  of  which  sell  for 
$13.60,  as  it  contains  much  additional  matter  and  a  large  number  of  additional  illustrations. 

18 


Hayward's  (A.)  Biographical  and  Critical  Essays.  The  Three  Series  Complete. 
5  vols.  8vo,  new  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  tops.     $57.50.  London,  1858-74 

Hazlitt.  Four  Generations  of  a  Literary  Family  by  W.  Carew  Hazlitt.  With 
photogravure  portraits,  fac-similes,  etc.  The  work  was  suppressed  in  England, 
the  author  having  been  threatened  with  libel  suits  by  the  relations  of  persons 
mentioned  in  the  text.     2  vols.  8vo,  cloth.     (Pub.  $9.60.)     $5.00.         London,  1894 

Hazlitt  (Wm.)  Liber  Amoris,  with  Introduction  by  Le  Gallienne.  Vignette. 
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Hazlitt's  (Wm.)  Miscellaneous  Works,  3  vols.,  and  Life  of  Napoleon,  3  vols. 
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Hemans's  (Mrs.)  Poetical  Works.  Portrait,  etc.  7  vols.  i8mo,  half  calf  extra. 
1:>I3.50.  Edinburgh,  1839 

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Higgins's  Celtic  Druids.     Numerous  plates.     410,  cloth.     $22.50.  London,  1829 

Holmes's  (O.  W.)  Complete  Works.  Subscription  edition,  illustrated  with  portraits 
and  engravings.    13  vols.  8vo,  half  polished  morocco  extra.    $52.00.    Boston,  1894 

Another  Copy.     Edition  de  Luxe.     (Only  275  copies  printed.)     13  vols,  royal 

8vo,  boards,  uncut.     $50.00.  Boston,  1894, 

Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey,  translated  by  Bryant.    4  vols,  royal  8vo,  cloth.  $12.00. 

Boston,  1871 
Homer's  Iliad,  translated  by  the  Earl  of  Derby.     2  vols.  8vo,  cloth.     $5.00. 

London, 1865 

Homer.      A  Burlesque  Translation  of  Homer  [by  Brydges].      Frontispiece  and 

numerous  humorous  copperplates.      2  vols.  8vo,  half  green  morocco,  gilt  tops. 

Scarce.     $7.50.  London,  1797 

Horatii  Opera,  with  Life,  by  Dean  Milman.  With  beautiful  illustrations  from 
the  remains  of  ancient  art,  each  page  surrounded  by  variegated  borders  and  the 
title-page  to  each  division  exquisitely  illustrated.  8vo,  original  boards.  Scarce. 
$25.00.  London,  1849 

Horse  and  Horsemanship  of  the  U.  S.,  by  Frank  Forester.  Numerous  plates. 
Proofs  on  India  Paper.  2  vols,  imperial  8vo,  half  polished  morocco  extra. 
$20.00.  New  York,  1857 

Another  Copy,  2  vols,  cloth.     §8.50. 

Horsemanship.  Newcastle's  (Duke  of)  Celebrated  Work  on  Horsemanship  and 
THE  Horse.  A  General  System  of  Horsemanship  in  all  its  Branches.  With  43 
large  and  fine  old  engravings  on  copper  by  Vorstermans,  and  others  after 
Diepenbeke  (including  portraits  of  the  author  and  his  family),  and  20  plates  of 
Anatomy,  Farriery,  etc.     2  vols,  royal  folio,  half  morocco,  yellow  edges.    $65.00. 

London,  1743 

Howitt  (Wm.)  Works.  An  unusually  complete  collection  of  these  interesting  works. 
Illustrated  with  engravings  on  steel  and  wood.  29  vols.  8vo  and  small  8vo,  new 
half  smooth  wine-colored  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops.     $100.00.         London,  1833-71 

Hugo  (Victor).  Les  Miserables.  Numerous  beautiful  full-page  etchings  and 
vignettes  after  Jeanniot.     5  vols.  410,  new  half  levant,  by  Canape.     $50.00. 

Paris,  1890 

Humphrey's  Masterpieces  of  the  Early  Printers  and  Engravers.  70  large 
plates  of  fac-similes  of  Rare  and  Curious  Books,  Decorative  Initials,  etc.  Folio, 
half  morocco,  gilt.     $17.50.  London,  1870 

19 


ILLUMINATED  MISSALS  AND  MANUSCRIPTS,  BOOKS  OF  HOURS, 
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AND    MODERN,  Etc.,  Etc.     A   LARGE   ASSORTMENT. 

Illuminated  "Works.  Livre  d'Heures  de  i,a  Reine  Anne  de  Bretagne.  A  perfect 
fac-simile  of  this  celebrated  MS.,  superbly  printed  on  heavy  paper,  matching  the 
original  vellum.  With  64  large,  full-page  miniatures,  including  the  celebrated 
series  of  illustrations  of  the  months  of  the  year,  each  page  ornamented  with  a 
border  in  gold  and  colors,  composed  of  flowers,  plants,  birds,  insects  (with  the  con- 
temporary scientific  names  affixed),  etc.  With  Appendix,  containing  a  French 
translation  of  the  "  Heures."  Index,  etc.  2  vols,  small  folio,  bound  in  heavy 
panelled  morocco  extra,  the  sides  ornamented  with  emblematical  bosses  of  brass, 
gilt  clasps,  gilt  leaves,  each  leaf  mounted  on  silk  guards.  The  two  vols,  inclosed 
in  a  morocco  case.     $2CO.oo.  Paris:   Curmer,  1S61,  etc. 

Illuminated  Works.  Evangiles  (Les  Saints)  des  Dimanches  et  Fetes  de  l'Annee, 
avec  Appendix  contenant  une  histoire  de  I'Ornementation  des  Manuscrits  de 
M.  Ferdinand  Denis.  Illustrated  with  a  beautiful  series  of  100  full-page  chromo- 
lithographic  fac-similes  of  miniatures,  besides  several  hundred  vignettes  and 
initial  letters  of  exquisite  design,  each  page  of  the  text  ornamented  with  borders 
illuminated  in  colors  and  gold.  2  vols,  imperial  8vo,  half  crimson  morocco,  gilt. 
$150.00.  Paris:   Curmer,  1864 

Illuminated  Works.  Fouquet.  L'CEuvre  de  Jehan  Fouquet.  A  selection  of  the 
best  authenticated  Miniatures  and  Illuminations  of  this  celebrated  Miniaturist, 
upward  of  200  pages  elegantly  printed,  each  page  ornamented  with  elegant 
borders  in  colors  and  gold.  59  large  full-page  miniatures  and  numerous  smaller 
vignettes  and  initial  letters.  2  vols.  4to,  bound  in  half  polished  levant,  gilt. 
$100.00.  Paris,  1869 

Illuminated  Works.  A'Kempis.  L'Imitation  de  Jesus-Christ.  Printed  within 
beautiful  borders  in  colors  and  gold,  fac-similes  from  Ancient  Illuminated 
Missals  and  Books  of  Hours ;  also  large  miniatures  in  gold  and  colors,  with 
Appendix,  containing  letterpress  and  Dance  of  Death.  Together,  2  vols,  im- 
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antique  linings  inside  of  cover.     $125.00.  Paris  :   Curmer,  1856 

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linings  inside  of  cover.     2  vols,  imperial  8vo,  in  strong  morocco  case.     $75.00. 

Paris,  1856 

Inman's  Ancient  Faiths.     Numerous  plates.     2  thick  vols.  8vo,  cloth.     $20.00. 

London, 1872 

Inman.  Ancient  Pagan  and  Modern  Christian  Symbolism.  Third  edition.  With 
two  hundred  illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     $3.00.  New  York,  18S4 

Ireland's  Book  Lover's  Enchiridion.  Large  Paper.  Small  4to,  half  polished 
morocco.     $10.00.  London,  18S5 

Irving  (Sir  Henry),  by  Wm.  Winter.  Portraits  of  Irving  and  Ellen  Terry.  i6mo, 
parchment  cover.     $1.00.  New  York,  1885 

Irving  (Washington).  Original  Manuscript  of  Irving's  Commonplace  Book, 
written  throughout  in  his  own  handwriting,  in  which  he  jotted  down  from  time 
to  time  extracts  from  books  read  by  him.  The  book  consists  of  90  closely 
written  pages  in  a  small  handwriting.  Size,  7x4^  inches,  bound  in  sheep,  pre- 
served in  red  morocco  pull-off  case.  On  the  inside  of  cover  is  written  in  Irving's 
own  hand:  "Extracts  from  different  books  of  Travels  in  the  U.  S.,  Dec,  1817." 
$250.00. 

20 


Irving:  (Washington).  Original  Manuscript  of  Irving.  One  of  the  Note  Books 
kept  by  him  during  his  visit  to  Spain,  written  throughout  in  his  own  handwriting 
in  ink  and  in  lead  pencil,  containing  Notes  made  use  of  in  his  "Alhambra,"  and 
consisting  of  122  closely  written  pages.  Size,  6x4  inches,  preserved  in  a  morocco 
case.     $250.00. 

Jackson  (Lady).  Works,  comprising  Old  Paris,  its  Court  and  Literary  Salons, 
2  vols.;  The  Old  Regime,  Courts,  Salons  and  Theatres,  2  vols.;  The  French 
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The  Last  of  the  Valois,  and  Accession  of  Henry  of  Navarre,  2  vols. ;  and 
The  First  of  the  Bourbons.  Together,  14  vols,  crown  8vo,  with  portraits, 
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Jameson's  (Mrs.)  Sacked  and  Legendary  Art,  2  vols.;  Legends  of  the  Monastic 
Orders;  Legends  of  the  Madonna,  and  History  of  Our  Lord,  2  vols. 
Together,  6  vols,  profusely  illustrated,  and  uniformly  bound  in  new  half  levant 
super  extra,  by  Canap6.     Early  editions.     $85.00.  London,  1863 

Jameson  (Mrs.)  The  Beauties  of  the  Court  of  King  Charles  the  Second.  A 
series  of  portraits  illustrating  the  Diaries  of  Pepys,  Evelyn,  Clarendon,  etc.,  with 
Memoirs.  21  beautiful  engravings  on  steel.  4to,  half  blue  morocco  gilt,  gilt 
edges.     $35.00.  London,  1833 

Japanese  Art.  Artistic  Japan  :  A  monthly  illustrated  Journal  of  Arts  and 
Industries.  Profusely  illustrated  with  plates,  many  in  colors.  6  vols.  4to. 
$25.00.  N.  Y.  and  London,  n.  d. 

Japanese  Art.  The  Pictorial  Arts  of  Japan,  with  a  brief  Historical  Sketch  of 
the  Associated  Arts  and  some  Remarks  upon  the  Pictorial  Arts  of  the  Chinese 
and  Koreans,  by  W.  Anderson.  With  80  beautiful  full-page  plates  (many  in 
gold  and  colors),  146  engravings  on  wood  by  Native  Artists,  and  many  vignettes. 
Thick  folio,  half  morocco  gilt,  gilt  top.     (Pub.  $67.50.)     $30.00.  London,  1886 

Japanese  Art.  Audsley  (G.  A.)  and  J.  L.  Bowes.  La  C^ramique  Japonaise.  Illus- 
trated by  63  superb  plates  (35  of  which  are  printed  in  gold  and  colors)  and 
numerous  wood  engravings  after  original  Japanese  work  illustrating  the  whole 
range  of  Japanese  Keramic  Art,  ancient  and  modern,  and  accompanied  by  nearly 
200  pages  of  descriptive  letterpress.  2  vols,  in  i,  folio,  new  half  brown  levant 
extra,  gilt  tops.     (Pub.  $75.00.)     $50.00.  Paris,  1875 

Same.  English  Edition,  with  same  illustrations.  Folio,  in  pasteboard  port- 
folio.    (Reduced  from  $75.00.)     $37.50.  Liverpool,  1875 

Same.     Small  Edition,  with  a  selection  of  the  plates  (many  in  colors).     Imperial 

8vo,  cloth,  gilt.     (Pub.  $15.00.)    $7.50.  London,  n.  d. 

Japanese  Art.  Audsley's  Ornamental  Arts  of  Japan.  A  series  of  100  superb 
plates  (most  of  which  are  in  colors)  depicting  the  Paintings,  Textile  Fabrics, 
Lacquer  and  Incrusted  Work,  Cloisonne,  Enamels,  etc.  4  vols,  folio,  in  cloth 
portfolios.     (Pub.  $200.00.)     $100.00.  N.  Y.  (Liverpool),  1883. 

Jeflferies's  (Richard)  Works,  comprising  World's  End,  3  vols.;  The  Gamekeeper  at 
Home;  The  Amateur  Poacher;  Wild  Life  in  a  Southern  Country;  Hodge 
and  His  Masters,  2  vols.;  Round  About  a  Great  Estate;  Greene  Ferne 
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The  Open  Air  ;  Amaryllis  at  the  Fair  ;  Field  and  Hedgerow;  After  London, 
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extra,  rules  on  sides,  gilt  tops,  by  Zaehnsdorf.     $225.00.  London,  1S77-92 

Joan  of  Arc,  by  Lord  Ronald  Gower.  Illustrated  with  10  fine  plates.  Proofs  on 
India  Paper.  Large  Paper  Edition.  (Only  20S  copies  printed.)  Royal  8vo, 
cloth.     $6.00.  London,  1893 

Joe  Miller's  Jests;  or,  The  Wits  Vade-Mecum,  being  a  collection  of  the  Brilliant 
Jests,  the  Politest  Repartees,  the  most  Elegant  Bon  Mots,  and  most  Pleasant  Short 
Stories  in  the  English  Language.  A  perfect  fac-simile  of  the  rare  first  edition. 
Very  scarce.     8vo,  half  ro.xburghe.     $3.00.  London,  1739 

Jones's  (Owen)  Alhambra.  Plans,  Elevations,  and  Sections  of  the  Alhambra,  with 
the  details  of  this  beautiful  specimen  of  Moorish  Architecture,  displayed  in  102 
beautifully  engraved  plates,  67  of  which  are  highly  finished  in  gold  and  colors. 
Large  Pai'er.  2  vols,  colombier  folio,  the  chromo-lithographed  plates  in  colors 
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$125.00.  London,  1842-45 

Jones  (Owen).  Grammar  of  Ornament.  With  112  splendid  plates  in  colors  and 
gold,  comprising  several  thousand  examples  of  the  various  styles  of  ornament 
of  all  nations.      Folio,  new  half  morocco.     (Pub.  $40.00.)     $20.00. 

N.  Y.  (London),  1880 

Jonson  (Ben).  Works,  with  Notes  by  Gifford,  and  Introduction  by  Cunningham. 
Portrait.     9  vols.  8vo,  half  morocco,  gilt  tops,  Janseniste.     $55.00.     London,  1875 

Keats's  Poetical  Works,  etc.,  edited  by  Buxton  Forman.  Portraits,  etc.  Library 
Edition.     4  vols.  Svo,  polished  calf  extra,  by  Tout.     $30.00.  London,  18S9 

Kelmscott  Press.  Cavendish  (George).  Life  of  Thomas  Wolsey,  Cardinal,  Arch- 
bishop OF  York.  Reprinted  from  the  Author's  MS.  8vo,  vellum  binding. 
$18.00.  Kelmscott  Press,  1S93 

***  Only  250  copies  printed  ;  out  of  print, 

Kelmscott  Press.  The  Golden  Legend,  translated  by  William  Caxton.  With  2 
woodcuts  designed  by  E.  Burne  Jones.  3  vols,  large  4to,  canvas  boards.  (Re- 
duced from  $84.00.)     $40.00.  London,  1892 

Kelmscott  Press.  The  Recuyell  of  the  Histories  of  Troye,  translated  by 
William  Caxton.  A  reprint  of  the  first  book  printed  in  English,  in  black  and 
red.     2  vols.  4to,  vellum  binding.     (Reduced  from  $80.00.)   $40.00.    London,  1892 

Kennedy  (P.)    Legendary  Fictions  of  the  Irish  Celts.     i2mo,  cloth.     $1.50. 

Knight's  (Rich.  Payne)  Symbolical  Language  of  Ancient  Art  and  Mythology. 
348  illustrations.     Royal  Svo,  half  vellum,  gilt.     $5.00.  New  York,  1892 

Kugler's  Handbooks  of  Painting.  Numerous  plates.  4  vols,  post  Svo,  new  half 
morocco  extra.     §20.00.  London,  1874 

La  Fontaine  (Jean  de).  Contes  et  Nouvelles  en  Vers,  Amsterdam  (Paris,  Barbou), 
1762.  The  Fermiers-Generaux  Edition.  2  vols.  Svo,  with  14  of  the  Exces- 
sively Rare  Cancelled  Plates  and  Genuine  First  Impressions  of  the  fine 
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Jeune  with  his  ticket.     $450.00.  Paris,  1762 

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La  Fontaine  (Jean  de).  T.\les  and  Novels.  Illustrated  with  the  original  plates  by 
Eisen.     Best  English  Translation,  with  a  complete  set  of  the  illustrations  by 


Duplessis-Berteaux  added,  printed  on  India  paper.  2  vols.  8vo,  half  blue  polished 
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La  Fontaine,  Fables  de.    Illustrated  with  73  superb  full-page  etchings  by  Delierre. 

2  vols.  4to,  half  morocco  extra.     $25.00.  Paris,  1880 

La  Fontaine,  (Euvres  de.  Best  Library  Edition.  Illustrated  with  Several  Hun- 
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8vo,  half  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops.     $100.00.  Paris,  1822 

Lamb's  (Charles)  Works,  edited  by  Alfred  Ainger.  Portraits.  6  vols.  i8mo,  new 
half  polished  calf  extra,  by  Tout.     $27.50.  London,  1891 

Another  Edition,  edited  by  Percy  Fitzgerald.     Portraits.     Large  Paper.     6 

vols.  i2mo,  new  half  polished  morocco  extra.     $25.00.  London,  1895 

Lander  (Walter  Savage).  Complete  Works.  Best  Edition.  Portrait.  8  vols.  8vo, 
polished  calf  extra.     $67.50.  London,  1876 

Lamborn's  Mexican  Painting  and  Painters.  Illustrated.  Small  4to,  cloth, 
$5.00.  New  York,  1891 

Lavater.  Essays  on  Physiognomy,  translated  by  Hunter.  Several  hundred  beau- 
tiful engravings  by  Bartolozzi,  and  others.     5  vols,  royal  410,  calf.     $60.00. 

London,  1789 

Lawrence-Archer.  Monumental  Inscriptions  of  the  British  West  Indies,  from 
the  earliest  date,  with  Genealogical  and  Historical  Annotations  from  original, 
local,  and  other  sources.  With  engravings  of  the  Arms  of  the  Principal  Families. 
4to,  cloth,  uncut.     $4.50.  London,  1875 

Le  Brun  (J.  P.  B.)  Galerie  des  Peintres  Flamands,  Hollandais,  et  Allemands, 
avec  un  texte  explicatif,  des  notes  instructives,  et  une  table  alphabetique  des 
noms  des  maitres.     201  beautiful  engravings  on  copper,  and  8  extra  plates  inserted. 

3  vols,  folio,  new  half  red  levant  extra,  gilt  tops.     $115.00.  Paris,  1792-96 

Lecky's  Works,  comprising  History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Spirit  of 

Rationalism  in  Europe,  2  vols.;  History  of  European  Morals  from  Augustus 
TO  Charlemagne,  2  vols.;  and  History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century,  8  vols.  Best  English  Library  Editions.  Together,  12  vols.  8vo, 
elegantly  bound  in  new  polished  morocco,  gilt  backs,  gilt  tops.  Choice  set. 
$100.00.  London,  1S66-90 

Lecky's  History  of  European  Morals,  2  vols.,  1869;  also,  History  of  the  Rise  and 

Influence  of  the  Spirit  of  Rationalism  in  Europe,  2  vols.,  1865.  Best  English 
Editions.  4  vols.  8vo,  elegantly  bound  in  new  half  dark  blue  levant,  crushed 
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London, 1S65-69 

Lee  Priory  Press.  Publications  of  the  Lee  Priory  Press,  edited,  with  Biographical 
and  Critical  Prefaces,  by  Sir  E.  Brydges.  44  vols,  in  4to  and  8vo.  A  Very  Fine 
Set.     Uniformly  bound  in  maroon  morocco  extra,  gilt  edges.     $250.00. 

Lee  Priory,  1S13-22 

Le  Sage.  Adventures  of  Gil  Blas  of  Santillana,  translated  by  Henri  Van  Laun. 
Illustrated  with  etchings.  Fine  Large  Type  edition.  3  vols,  royal  8vo,  cloth, 
uncut.     (Pub.  $10.00.)     $6.00.  Edinburgh,  1886 

Another  Copy,  on  Large  Paper  (150  printed).  3  vols,  imperial  8vo,  cloth,  un- 
cut.    (Pub.  $15.00.)     $10.00. 

Leonard  (Jean)  Souvenirs  of.  Coiffeur  to  Queen  Marie  Antoinette.  Written  by 
himself.  Now  first  translated  into  English  by  Alexander  T,  De  Mattos. 
Privately  printed,  and  only  250  copies.     $15.00.  London,  1897 

23 


Leroy.  Les  Pensionnaires  du  Louvre.  With  36  humorous  illustrations,  by 
Renouard.     4to,  paper.     $1.50.  Paris,  1880 

Le  Sage's  Gil  Bias,  translated  by  Malkin.  Beautiful  Large  Type  Edition. 
Illustrated  with  numerous  fine  copperplates  after  Smirke.  4  vols,  royal  Svo,  new 
polished  calf  super  extra,  gilt  tops.     Very  scarce.     §57.50.  London,  1809 

Another  Edition.     With  26  fine  etchings  by  Lalauze.     3  vols,  royal  Svo,  cloth, 

$10.00;  or,  Large  Paper,  3  vols,  imperial  Svo,  with  Proofs  of  the  Etchings. 
$15.00.  Edinburgh,  1886 

Lettres  (Les)  et  les  Arts.  A  set  of  this  superb  publication,  handsomely  printed  on 
Hand-made  Paper  and  illustrated  with  several  hundred  beautiful  photogravures 
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brown  levant,  gilt  backs,  gilt  tops.  Paris,  iS88-gi 

Leyer's  (Charles)  Novels.  Unusually  Complete  Set  of  the  Rare  Original 
Editions,  with  over  200  fine  engravings  on  steel  after  Cruikshank  and  "  Phiz." 
The  set  comprises  Confessions  of  Harry  Lorrequer,  1839;  Charles  O'Malley, 

2  vols.,  1841;;  Jack  Hinton,  1843;  Tom  Burke,  2  vols.,  1844;  Arthur  O'Leary, 
1845;  St.  Patrick's  Eve,  1845;  Nuts  and  Crackers,  1845;  The  O'Donoghue, 
1845;  The  Knight  of  Gwynne,  1847;  Diary  of  Horace  Templeton,  2  vols., 
1848;  Roland  Cashel,  1850;  Confessions  of  Con  Cregan,  2  vols.,  1850;  The 
Daltons,  2  vols.,  1852;  DoDD  Family  Aiiroad,  1854;  Maurice  Tiernav,  1855; 
Sir  Jasper  Carew,  1855;  Martins  of  Cro'  Martin,  1856;  Fortunes  of  Glen- 
core,  3  vols.,  1S57  ;  Davenport  Dunn,  1859;  One  of  Them,  1861 ;  Barrington, 
1863;  A  Day's  Ride,  2  vols.,  1863;  Cornelius  O'Dowd,  3  vols.,  1864-65; 
LuTTRELL  OF  Arran,  1865  ;  ToNY  BuTLER,  3  vols. ,  1865  ;  SiR  Brook  Fossbrooke, 

3  vols.,  1866;  Bramleigh  of  Bishop's  Folly,  3  vols.,  1868;  Paul  Goslett's 
Confessions,  1868;  That  Boy  of  Norcott's,  1869;  Lord  Kii.gobbin,  3  vols., 
1872  ;  Life,  2  vols.,  1879.  Together,  50  vols.  Svo,  crown  Svo  and  foolscap  Svo, 
handsomely  bound  in  new  half  green  polished  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops,  by 
Larkins.     $650.00.  London,  1839-79 

Another  Set,  comprising  Charles   O'Malley,  2   vols.,  1841 ;   Jack    Hinton, 

I  vol.,  1843;  Harry  Lorrequer,  i  vol.,  1844;  Tom  Burke  of  "Ours,"  2  vols., 
1844;  Arthur  O'Leary,  i  vol.,  1845;  Knight  of  Gwynne,  i  vol.,  1847;  The 
Daltons,  2  vols.,  1852;  The  O'Donoghue,  i  vol.,  1S53;  Dodd  Family  Abroad, 
I  vol.,  1854;  Roland  Cashel,  i  vol.,  1855;  Martins  of  Cro'  Martin,  i  vol., 
1856;  Davenport  Dunn,  i  vol.,  1859;  One  of  Them,  i  vol.,  1861  ;  Barrington, 
I  vol.,  1863;  and  Luttrell  of  Arran,  i  vol.,  1865.  Together,  18  vols.  Svo, 
illustrated  with  full-page  plates  by  "Phiz"  and  Cruikshank,  uniformly  bound 
in  full  polished  calf,  handsomely  tooled  backs,  rules  on  sides,  inside  borders,  gilt 
edges.     $200.00.  London,  v.  d. 

Lewis's  Ballads  of  the  Cid.     Post  Svo,  vellum.     50  cents.  London,  1S83 

Ligne.  Memoirs  of  the  Princess  de  Eigne,  edited  by  Lucien  Percy,  translated 
by  Laura  Ensor.  With  portrait.  2  vols.  Svo,  half  morocco,  uncut,  gilt  top. 
$6.00.  London,  1S87 

• Another  Copy.     2  vols,  cloth,  uncut.     (Pub.  $9.00.)    $2.00. 

Linton  (W.  J.)  The  Masters  of  Wood  Engraving.  229  pages  of  text,  with  nearly 
200  cuts  in  the  text,  and  48  page-cuts  unbacked,  printed  on  special  paper.  Folio, 
cloth.     $50.00.  London,  1890 

Lippmann.  Fac-similes  of  Rare  Early  Engravings  and  Woodcuts  by  the  Great 
Masters  of  Italy,  Germany,  France,  etc.,  selected  by  Dr.  Lippmann  from  the 
best  examples,  and  printed  by  the  Imperial  Institute  of  Mechanical  Arts  in 
Berlin.  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  Series,  containing  252 
magnificent  plates  reproduced  in  perfect  fac-simile   by  the   Imperial    Press   at 

24 


Berlin.      Imperial   folio,   cloth   portfolio.     (Only   loo  copies   printed.)     Price  per 
part,  $37.50.  London,  1889-94 

Liiiidy's  Monumental  Christianity;  or,  The  Art  and  Symbolism  of  the  Primitive 
Church,  as  Witnesses  and  Teachers  of  the  one  Catholic  Faith  and  Practice.  Demy 
4to.  Beautifully  printed  on  superior  paper,  with  over  200  illustrations  throughout 
the  text,  and  numerous  large  folding  plates.     Tree  calf  extra.     $15.00. 

New  York,  1876 

Lnxembonr^  Gallery.  Illustrated  Catalogue.  With  about  250  reproductions. 
Svo,  paper.     60  cents.  Paris,  1884 

Library  of  Professional  Anecdote :  Lawyers,  Physicians,  Poets,  Artists,  Clergy, 
Drama,  etc.     18  vols.  i8mo,  half  morocco  extra,  by  Tout.     $60.00. 

London,  1825,  etc. 

Lincoln  (Abraham):  A  History  by  Nicolay  and  Hay.  Portrait.  10  vols.  Svo,  new 
half  polished  morocco  extra.     $50.00.  New  York 

Lindsay's  (Lord)  Sketches  of  the  History  of  Christian  Art.  Best  Edition. 
3  vols.  Svo,  new  half  polished  morocco  extra.     $27.50.  London,  1S47 

Litchfield's  Illustrated  History  of  Furniture.  250  illustrations.  Imperial  Svo, 
cloth.     $10.00.  London,  1892 

Littre  (E.)  Dictionnaire  de  i,.\  Langue  Fran^aise.  5  thick  vols,  royal  4to  (in- 
cluding supplement),  strongly  bound  in  half  morocco.     $27.50.  Paris,  1881 

Lodge's  Portraits.  240  fine  portraits  on  steel.  Large  Paper  Copy.  12  vols.  4to, 
half  morocco,  gilt.     $100.00.  London,  1835 

Another    Edition.      240   portraits   on    steel.      8    vols,    post   Svo,   russia,  gilt. 

S30.00.  London,  1850 

Loudon,  Old  and  New:  A  Narrative  of  its  History,  its  People,  and  its  Places,  by 
Walter  Thornbury  and  Edward  Walford,  with  about  1,200  woodcut  illus- 
trations, the  6  volumes  mounted  on  folio  paper,  and  extended  by  the  insertion  of 
over  1,500  additional  engravings,  etchings,  portraits,  plans,  maps,  and  a  series  of 
clever  water-color  drawings,  to  15  volumes  large  folio,  newly  bound  in  half  mo- 
rocco extra,  gilt  tops,  cloth  sides.     $1,000.00.  London,  n.  d. 

Long'fellow's  Complete  Works.  Riverside.  Edition.  Portraits.  11  vols,  crown 
Svo,  new  half  calf  extra.     §32.50. 

Another  Copy.     Edition  de  Luxe.     (Only  300  copies  printed.)     14  vols,  royal 

Svo,  boards,  uncut.     650.00.  Boston,  1S86 

Love  Poems  of  the  17th  Century  (Speculum  Amantis),  edited  by  Bullen.  Square 
Svo,  cloth.     §10.00.  London,  1889 

Same,  new  edition,  square  Svo,  cloth.     $6.00.  London,  1895 

Lore  Poems  of  the  Restoration  (Musa  Proterva),  edited  by  Bullen.  Square  Svo, 
half  calf,  gilt  top.     $ro.oo.  London,  1S89 

Same,  new  edition.     Square  Svo,  cloth.     $6.00.  London,  1896 

Louvre.  Catalogue  Raisonne  des  GEuvres  Principales  Conserves  dans  le 
Musee  du  Louvre.     With  100  phototypes.      i2mo,  cloth.     $2.50.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Louvre  dlallery. — Gruyer  (F.  A.)  Voyage  autour  du  Salon  Carre  au  Musee  du 
Louvre.  40  full-page  heliogravures  reproduced  from  the  original  paintings  by 
Braun.  4to,  half  crushed  levant,  gilt  top.  Large  Paper  Copy  (one  of  50 
copies).     $40.00.  Paris,  1891 

Low  (David).  The  Breeds  of  Domestic  Animals  of  the  British  Islands.  36 
finely  colored  plates  of  the  various  breeds  of  the  Horse,  Ox,  Sheep,  Goat  and 
Hog.     2  vols,  folio,  russia,  gilt  edges.     $35.00.  London,  1885 

25 


Lowe's  Bibliographical  Account  of  English  Theatrical  Literature,  from  the 
Earliest  Times  to  the  Present  Day.  (Limited  edition  only.)  A  handsomely 
printed  volume.     Demy  8vo  (400  pages),  cloth,  uncut.     $5.00.  London,  18S7 

Same,  Large  Paper,  royal  8vo,  cloth.     §3. 00. 

Macaulay's  (Lord)  Works,  comprising  History  of  England,  5  vols.  ;  Essays, 
3  vols.;  Miscellaneous  Writings,  2  vols.;  Speeches,  i  vol.,  and  Life,  2  vols. 
Best  Library  Editions,  handsomely  printed  in  Large  Type.  Together,  13  vols. 
Svo,  elegantly  bound  in  new  half  brown  polished  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops,  by 
Tout.     $65.00.  London,  1S49-77 

Mahon's  History  of  England,  7  vols.;  History  of  Queen  Anne,  i  vol.  Together, 
8  vols..  Best  Editions,  new  polished  calf  extra,  by  Tour.     $52.50. 

London,  1853-70 

Maintenon's  (Mme.  de)  Secret  Correspondence.  Portrait.  3  vols.  8vo,  half  russia. 
$4.50.  London,  1827 

Manuscript  on  Vellum,  Hor^  B.  Mari.^  Virginis.  Manuscript  upon  158  leaves 
of  vellum  Svo,  with  25  beautiful  miniatures,  borders  on  every  page,  and  hundreds 
of  illuminated  letters.  Very  fine  copy  in  old  red  morocco,  gold  tooling,  gilt 
edges,  by  Boyet.  This  fine  Manuscript  of  the  15th  Century  cost  its  previous 
owner  2,500  francs.     $350.00. 

Another.     Preces  Piae.     Manuscript  upon  120  leaves  of  vellum,  with  15  large 

and  beautiful  miniatures  in  gold  and  colors,  surrounded  with  handsome  deco- 
rated borders  of  flowers,  fruits,  birds  and  fantastic  animals,  and  numerous 
ornamental  initials.  Text  in  Latin  and  French.  8vo,  in  a  fine  old  brown  calf 
binding,  elaborately  blind-tooled.     $300.00.  Saec.  XV. 

Manuscript.  Gregorii  Magnae  Homeliae  in  Ezechielem.  Codex  written  on  105 
leaves  of  vellum,  and  embellished  with  2  large  miniatures  and  20  elaborately 
illuminated  initials.  Folio,  handsomely  bound  in  full  brown  morocco.  La 
Valliere  style,  blind-tooled  sides  and  back,  gilt  edges,  by  Pratt  of  London. 
$175.00.  1466 

Margaret  of  Navarre.  The  Heptameron  of  the  Tales  of  Margaret,  Queen  of 
Navarre,  with  an  Essay  by  George  Saintshury.  Illustrated  with  portrait  and 
73  full-page  engravings  after  Freudenberg,  and  150  head  and  tail  pieces  by 
Dunker.  Large  Paper.  Each  copy  numbered.  Printed  on  Hand-made  paper, 
with  the  full-page  engravings  printed  on  thin  Japanese  paper,  and  mounted. 
5  vols.  Svo,  buckram  cloth,  uncut  edges.     $30.00.  London,  1892 

Marguerite  de  Navarre,  rHeptameron  des  Nouvelles  de.  Jouaust's  Beautiful 
Edition.     2  vols,  small  Svo,  new  half  blue  polished  morocco,  Janseniste.     $7.50. 

Paris,  1888 

Marks's  (IL  S.)  Pen  and  Pencil  Sketches,  full  of  Anecdotes  of  Tenniel,  Leech, 
Du  Maurier,  etc.  Profusely  illustrated.  2  vols.  Svo,  cloth.  (Pub.  $8.00.) 
$4.00.  Phila.  (London),  1894 

Marriage.  The  History  of  Human  Marriage,  by  Edward  Westermarck,  with 
an  Introductory  Note  by  Alfred  R.  Wallace.  Second  edition,  revised.  Svo, 
cloth,  uncut.     (Pub.  14s.  net.)     $3.00.  London,  1894 

Martineau's  History  of  England,  1816-54.  Library  Edition.  4  vols.  Svo,  new 
half  polished  morocco.     I17.50.  Boston,  1864 

Martyn's  (T.)  Universal  Conchologist,  exhibiting  the  figures  of  every  known 
Shell,  accurately  drawn  and  painted  after  Nature  ;  with  a  new  and  systematic 
arrangement.  With  2  plates  of  medals  and  161  plates,  comprising  322  figures  of 
Shells  most  exquisitely  colored,  like  drawings,  by  the  author  himself.     4  vols. 

26 


atlas  4to,  red  crimped  morocco  extra  gilt,  gilt  borders  round  sides  and  gilt  edges. 
S150.00.  London,  1784 

Mathias  (T.  J.)  The  Pursuits  of  Literature:  A  Satirical  Poem  in  four  dialogues. 
With  Notes  and  an  Appendix.  Large  Paper,  i  vol.  folio,  Enlarged  to  5  vols. 
BY  THE  Addition  of  over  800  Engravings,  Portraits  in  Line  and  Mezzotint, 
AND  A  FEW  Original  Drawings,  with  a  specially  printed  Title  to  each  Vol- 
ume, green  morocco  extra,  gilt  edges.     $650.00.  London,  1784 

Mary  Qneen  of  Scots,  History  of,  by  Prof.  Petit.  Portrait.  2  vols.  4to,  cloth. 
^7- 50.  London,  1874 

Manpassant.  Pierre  et  Jean.  With  illustrations  by  Ernest  Duez  and  Albert 
Lynch.     4to,  half  crushed  levant,  gilt  top.     §30.00.  Paris,  1888 

Another  Copy.    Bound  in  full  crushed  levant  extra,  gilt  top,  Janseniste.    Japan 

Paper  Copy,  Plates  in  Two  States.     §100.00. 

Maupassant.  Le  Rosier  de  Mme.  Husson.  Illustrated.  Small  4to,  paper,  $4.50; 
or,  Japanese  Paper,  $10.00.  Paris,  1S88 

Maupin  (Mile,  de) :  A  Romance  of  Love  and  Passion,  by  Theophile  Gautier. 
With  18  etchings  by  Champollion  from  designs  by  Toudouze.  i2mo,  cloth. 
Includes  the  suppressed  plate.    Very  scarce.    $6.00.    London:  Vizetelly  &=  Co.,  1889 

MelTille's  (G.  J.  Whyte)  Norels.  A  Set  of  the  Scarce  Original  Editions  of  this 
popular  Writer,  comprising  Rosine  ;  Katerfelto  ;  The  True  Cross;  The 
Brooks  of  Bridlemere,  3  vols.;  Roy's  Wife,  2  vols.;  Holmby  House,  2  vols.; 
The  Gladiator,  3  vols.;  Bones  and  I;  Songs  and  Verses;  The  Queen's 
Maries,  2  vols. ;  Digby  Grant,  2  vols. ;  Market  Harborough  ;  Kate  Coventry  ; 
M.  or  N.,  2  vols. ;  Riding  Recollections;  Good  for  Nothing,  2  vols. ;  Cerise, 
3  vols.;  White  Rose,  3  vols.;  Satanella,  2  vols.;  Gen.  Bounce,  2  vols.;  Uncle 
John,  3  vols.;  Black  but  Comely,  3  vols.;  Tilbury  Nogo,  2  vols.;  Sister 
Louise;  and  Sarchedon,  3  vols.  Together,  48  vols.  8vo  and  small  Svo,  new  half 
crimson  polished  morocco  extra,  with  emblematic  tooling  on  backs,  gilt  tops. 
^350.00.  London,  1S53-79 

Another  Set.     Early  Editions.     29  vols,  crown  Svo,  half  calf  gilt  (not  quite 

uniform  and  binding  worn).     $45.00.  London,  v.  d. 

Mexico.  Landscapes  and  Popular  Sketches,  by  C.  Sartorius.  With  18  steel 
plates.     4to,  cloth.     $3.00.  London,  1859 

Meyricli's  Ancient  Armour:  A  Critical  Inquiry  into  Ancient  Armour  as  it  existed 
in  Europe,  but  particularly  in  England  from  the  Norman  Conquest  to  the  reign 
of  Charles  II.,  with  a  Glossary  of  Military  Terms.  With  5  full-page  plates, 
colored  by  hand.     3  vols,  folio,  half  claret  morocco,  rough  edges.      $75.00. 

London,  1824 

Meyrick's  Ancient  Armour.  Engraved  illustrations  of  Ancient  Armour,  from  the 
Collection  at  Goodrich  Court,  from  the  Drawings  and  with  the  Descriptions  of 
Dr.  Meyrick,  by  Joseph  Skelton.  A  series  of  73  large  full-page  plates  of  Arms 
and  Armor,  with  descriptive  letterpress.  2  vols,  folio,  half  red  morocco,  gilt 
tops.     S35.00.  London,  1830 

Milton's  Paradise  Lost.  Original  Edition.  Small  4to,  bound  in  full  gros-grained 
levant,  crushed  and  polished,  Janseniste,  by  Chatelin,  of  Paris.  An  unusually 
fine  and  perfect  copy.     $90.00.  London,  i66'9 

Another   Edition.      Prowett's   Magnificent   Edition  in  Large  Type,   with 

24  fine  large  mezzotint  engravings  by  John  Martin.  2  vols,  folio,  full  wine- 
colored  morocco,  tooled  backs  and  sides,  gilt  edges.  Largest  Paper.  A  splendid 
book.     $60.00.  London,  1S27 

27 


Modern  French  Painters.  Les  Chefs-d'CEuvre  de  l'Art  au  XIXe  Single  :  La 
Peinture  Fran^aise  Actuelle,  par  Paul  Lefort.  Illustrated  with  20  full-page 
etchings  on  India  paper  after  Meissonier,  Detaille,  Jules  Breton,  Bonnat, 
Henner,  Daubigny,  Gerome,  etc.,  and  67  cuts.  Large  8vo,  illustrated  paper 
cover.     (Pub.  20  fcs.)     $3.00.  Paris,  1S90 

Mohammedan  Art  of  LoTe.  El  Ktab  des  Lois  Secretes  de  l'Amour,  d'apres  le 
Khodja  Omer  Haleby,  Abou  Othman,  traduction,  mise  en  ordre  et  Commen- 
taires  de  Paul  de  Regla.     Large  8vo,  new  cloth.     $5.00.  Paris,  1893 

Moliere.  Theatre  Choisi,  avec  une  Notice  par  M.  Poujoulat.  50  charming  etch- 
ings by  Foulquier.  2  vols,  large  8vo,  full  red  levant  extra,  gilt  edges.  Splendid 
edition.     $30.00.  Tours,  1878 

Montfaiicon.  L'Antiquite  Expliquee  et  Representee  en  Figures,  10  vols.;  Sup- 
plement, 5  vols.  Together,  15  vols,  with  about  1,300  fine  old  copperplate  en- 
gravings. Also,  Monuments  de  la  Monarchie  Francoise,  qui  comprennent 
I'Histoire  de  la  France  avec  des  Figures  de  chaque  Regne  que  I'injure  des  temps 
a  epargnees.  Illustrated  with  300  fine  copperplates  of  the  principal  Personages, 
Works  of  Art,  Historical  Monuments,  etc.,  5  vols.  Together,  20  vols,  folio, 
sumptuously  bound  in  full  crimson  gros-graincd  levant,  crushed  and  polished, 
with  large  crest  impressed  on  sides  in  gold,  inside  borders  of  gold,  gilt  over 
marbled  edges.  A  magnificent  set,  with  brilliant  impressions  of  the  engravings. 
(Cost  the  previous  owner  $1,000.)     $600.00.  Paris,  1708-33 

Montfaiicon.  Antiquity  Explained,  translated  by  Humphreys.  Many  hundred 
copperplates  of  Antiquities,  Coins,  Medals,  Statuary,  etc.  5  vols,  folio,  old  calf. 
$25.00.  London,  1721 

Morg^an's  Lig'ht  of  Britannia:  The  Mysteries  of  Ancient  British  Druidism, 
and  the  Original  Source  of  Phallic  Worship  Revealed.  Portrait  and  cuts. 
Svo,  cloth.     $4.50.  Cardiff,  1893. 

Morris's  Seats  of  Gentlemen   and   Noblemen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

240  beautifully  colored  plates  of  Seats,  etc.,  in  imitation  of  water-color  drawings, 
and  each  view  accompanied  by  historical  and  descriptive  letterpress,  b  vols.  4to, 
elaborately  bound  in  full  red  morocco  extra,  gilt  borders  on  sides,  and  gilt  edges. 
$65.00.  London,  n.  d. 

Morton  (Dr.  S.  G.)  Crania  Americana  ;  or,  A  Comparative  View  of  the  Skulls  of 
Various  Aboriginal  Nations  of  North  and  South  America.  With  78  plates  and 
colored  map.     Folio,  half  calf,  gilt  top.     Very  scarce.    $50.00.     Philadelphia,  1839 

Morton  (Dr.  S.  G.)     Crania  ^gyptiaca.     Plates.     4to,  half  bound.    Scarce.    $15.00. 

Philadelphia,  1844 

Motley's  Complete  "Works.  Best  English  Edition,  Large  Type  and  Fine  Paper. 
II  vols.  8vo,  bound  in  full  light  yellow  calf  extra.     §110.00.  London,  1865 

Mare's  Critical  History  of  the  Language  and  Literature  of  Ancient  Greece. 

5  vols.  8vo,  half  crushed  levant  extra,  by  Stikeman.     $37.50.  London,  1854 

Musee  Franoals  and  Mus6e  Royal:  Musee  Fran^ais  (Le),  ou  Recueil  complet  des 
Tableaux,  Statues  et  Bas-reliefs,  qui  composent  la  Collection  Nationale,  avec 
I'Explication  des  Sujets  et  des  Discours  sur  la  Peinture,  la  Sculpture  et  la 
Gravure,  par  S.  C.  Croze,  Magnan,  Robillard,  Peronville,  Laurent,  Visconti 
et  David.  A  Magnificent  Set.  5  vols,  atlas  folio.  Superb  Proofs  before 
Letters  of  the  320  plates.  Original  Edition  of  this  Noble  Work.  Richly 
bound  in  full  morocco,  gilt  edges.  Musee  Royal,  Recueil  de  Gravures  d'apres 
les  plus  beaux  Tableaux,  Statues  et  Bas-Reliefs  de  la  Collection  Royale,  par 
Laurent.     Original  Edition,  with  Brilliant  Proof  Impressions  of  161  beau- 

28 


tiful  plates.  2  vols,  atlas  folio,  half  morocco,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  1816-18.  Together, 
7  vols,  atlas  folio.     $750.00.  Paris,  1803-16-18 

Another  Set.     Bound  in  6  vols,  half  morocco,  uncut.     $350.00.     Paris,  1803-18 

Musset  (Alfred  de).  CEuvRES  Completes.  Lemerre's  Charming  Little  Edition. 
Portrait  and  42  Extra  Etchings  inserted.  11  vols,  small  8vo,  half  polished  morocco, 
gilt  tops,  Janseniste.     $45.00.  Paris,  1876 

Napoleon  and  the  Fair  Sex,  by  Masson.  Best  Edition.  Portraits.  8vo,  new 
half  morocco  extra.     $7.50.  London,  1894 

Napoleon.  The  Romance  of  Prince  Eugene  [Beauharnais],  by  Albert  Pulitzer. 
Illustrated  with  12  full-page  plates.  2  vols.  8vo,  new  cloth,  gilt  tops.  A  well- 
written  book  which  should  be  in  the  library  of  all  collectors  of  books  on  Napoleon, 
and  which  will  also  be  found  a  fascinating  book  by  the  general  reader. 
(Pub.  $5.00.)     $2.50.  New  York,  1895 

Napoleon.  Memoirs  of  the  Duchesse  de  Gontaut,  1773-1836.  Handsomely 
printed  on  Thick  Paper  and  illustrated  with  12  portraits.  2  vols.  8vo,  new  cloth, 
gilt  tops.  An  interesting  account  by  an  eye-witness  of  the  French  Revolution, 
the  First  Empire,  and  the  Restoration.     (Pub.  $5.00.)     $2.50.  New  York,  1894 

Nash's  (J.)  Mansions  of  England  in  the  Olden  Time,  consisting  of  104  views 
Colored  by  Hand  in  Imitation  of  the  Original  Drawings,  depicting  the 
most  characteristic  features  of  the  domestic  architecture  of  the  Tudor  age.  4 
vols,  atlas  folio,  in  half  morocco  portfolios.     $250.00.  London,  1839-49 

Another    Edition,   same  plates  reduced  in  size  and    printed    in    tint.     Large 

Paper.     4  vols,  imperial  folio,  half  morocco.     $45.00.  London,  1869 

Same.     Small  Paper  copy.     4  vols,  imperial  4to,  cloth,  gilt.     $30.00. 

National  Portrait  (gallery  of  Illustrations  and  Eminent  Personages  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,  with  Memoirs  by  Wm.  Jerdan.  Nearly  150  fine  full-page 
engravings  on  steel.  4  vols,  imperial  8vo,  new  half  polished  crimson  levant  extra, 
gilt  tops.     $50.00.  London,  1830 

Nevil's  Old   Cottage  and   Domestic  Architecture   in   South-west   Surrey,  and 

Notes  on  the  Early  History  of  the  Division.  Second  edition,  with  additions. 
With  58  full-page  plates  and  a  large  number  of  cuts  in  the  text.  4to,  cloth  extra. 
(Pub.  $7.50.)     $5.00.  N.  Y.  (London),  1S92 

Nichol's  Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eig^hteenth  Century,  and  Illustrations  of 
Literary  History  of  the  Eighteenth  Century.  Together,  17  vols.  Svo,  half  crushed 
levant  extra,  gilt  tops.     Splendid  set.     $145.00.  London,  1S12-58 

Notes  and  Queries.  Complete  from  its  commencement  in  1849  to  June,  1894.  Nice 
set  in  half  calf,  gilt  backs,  uncut  edges,  with  7  vols,  of  indexes.     $200.00. 

London, 1849-94 

Nu  (Le)  au  Louvre.  A  series  of  32  phototypes  of  the  finest  examples  of  the  Nude 
in  the  Louvre.     8vo,  paper.     $1.25.  Paris,  1892 

Nu  (Le)  au  Salon,  1897.  A  series  of  32  fine  phototypes  reproducing  the  most  beau- 
tiful examples  of  the  Nude  of  the  Salon.      8vo,  paper.     $1.25. 

Same.     Champ  de  Mars.     $1.25.  Paris,  1897 

Nuremberg  Chronicle,  by  H.  Schedel.  First  Edition,  with  upwards  of  2,000  en- 
gravings on  wood.  Clean  and  sound  copy,  quite  perfect,  with  the  supplement 
"De  Sarmatia,"  and  all  the  blank  leaves,  full  bound  in  vellum. 

Nurembergte  :  ICoberger,  1493 

Obliviad  (The):    A  Satire.     Frontispiece.     Svo,  cloth.     75  cents.      New  York,  1879 

29 


O'Neill's  Nig^ht  of  the  Gods:  An  Inquiry  into  Cosmic  and  Cosmogonic  Mythology 
and  Symbolism.  Frontispiece  and  cuts.  Vol.  I.  (all  published).  (Pub.  $12.00.) 
§7.50.  London,  1S93 

Ornament.  L'Ornement  des  Tissus.  Recueil  Historique  et  Pratique,  par  Dupont- 
AuBERViLLE,  avec  des  Notes  explicatives  et  une  Introduction  generale.  A  series 
of  100  superb  plates  in  colors  and  gold,  displaying  the  various  styles  of  Orna- 
ment applicable  to  Textile  Fabrics.  Folio,  in  cloth  portfolio.  (Pub.  S40.00.) 
§27.50.  Paris,  1877 

Ornament.  Examples  of  Chinese  Ornament  selected  from  Objects  in  the  South 
Kensington  Museum,  etc.,  by  Owen  Jones.  A  series  of  100  beautiful  colored 
plates,  comprising  several  hundred  examples.     Folio,  cloth.     Scarce.     $27.50. 

London, 1867 

Ornithology.  British  Game  Birds  and  Wild  Fowl,  by  Dr.  Beverley  R.  Morris. 
Handsomely  printed  and  illustrated  with  60  beautiful  full-page  plates  Colored 
BY  Hand.     4to,  new  cloth.     $9.00.  London,  1891 

Ornithology.     Baird,  Brewer,  and    Ridgway.       A  History  of  North   American 
Birds.     Illustrated  with  64  colored  plates  and  593  woodcuts.     3  vols,  half  mo- 
rocco, gilt  tops.     §60.00.  Boston,  1874 
*«*  This  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  ordinary  edition,  which  has  no  colored  plates. 

Ossian,  The  Poems  of,  in  the  Original  Gaelic,  with  a  Literal  translation,  by 
Macfarlane.     3  vols,  imperial  8vo,  old  red  morocco.     $25.00.  London,  1807 

Owen's  (John)  Evenings  with  the  Skeptics;  or,  Free  Discussions  on  Free  Thinkers. 
I.  Pre-Christian  Skepticism.  II.  Christian  Skepticism.  2  large  vols,  demy 
Svo  (nearly  500  pages  each),  cloth.     (Pub.  $9.00.)     $4.50.  London,  1881 

Paracelsus  the  Great,  The  Hermetic  and  Alchemical  Writings  of.  Now  first 
translated  faithfully  and  unabridged  into  English.  Edited,  with  Preface,  by 
Arthur  E.  Waite.     2  vols,  thick  4to.     $7.50.  London,  1892 

Pardoe's  (Miss)  Historical  Works.  Handsome  Library  Edition.  Fine  portraits 
on  steel.     9  vols.  8vo,  half  wine-colored  morocco,  gilt  tops.     Nice  set.     $75.00. 

London:   Bentley,  i8go 

Another  Copy.     Original  Edition.     Same  illustrations,  original  impressions. 

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tooled  backs,  gilt  tops,  by  Zaehnsdorf.     $90.00.  London,  1847 

Peele'S  (Geo.)  Dramatic  Works,  edited  by  Bullen.     2  vols.  Svo,  cloth.     §2.50. 

London,  1888 

Pepys's  Diary  and  Correspondence,  with  Life  and  Notes  by  Braybrooke,  and 
additional  Notes  by  Mynors  Bright.  Best  English  Library  Edition.  Illus- 
trated with  numerous  portraits  in  permanent  woodbury  type.  6  vols.  Svo, 
polished  calf  extra,  gilt  tops,  by  Tout.     $60.00.  London,  1875 

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Percy  Society  Publications  on  Early  English  Poetry  and  Ballads  of  the  Middle 
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$2.50.  Paris,  v.  d. 

30 


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illustrated.     24mo  in  size  {s}4  ^  3^)  bound  in  limp  russia,  gilt,  each  vol.  $1.50. 

Paris,  V.  d. 

Petitot's  Portraits.  Les  Emaux  de  Petitot  du  Musee  Imperial  du  Louvre.  A 
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of  the  Historical  Personages  of  the  period  of  Louis  XIV.  Brilliant  original 
impressions.  52  plates.  2  vols,  royal  4to,  full  red  polished  levant,  gilt  edges, 
Janseniste.     $100.00.  Paris,  1862 

Petronins  Arbiter,  The  Satyricon  of,  and  the  Kisses  of  Johannis  Secundus,  and 
the  Love  Epistles  of  Aristaenetus,  literally  translated  into  English.  i2mo, 
cloth.     Very  Scarce.     §7.50.  London,  1880 

Physioloary  of  Lore,  by  Dr.  Paolo  Mantegazza  (author  of  the  Hygiene  of  Love, 
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Pickering''s  Eng'lisli  Classics,  Wreath's  Editions.  Shakespeare,  ii  vols.; 
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30  vols,  post  8vo,  polished  calf  extra,  gilt  tops.     $300.00. 

London  :   Chiswick  Press,  1825 

Pistolesi  (E.)  Tl  Vaticano.  With  upward  of  850  large  and  beautiful  engravings, 
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Planchfe's  Cyclopaedia  of  Costume.  Colored  plates  and  many  hundred  woodcuts. 
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Polipliilo.  Hypnerotomachia  Poliphili.  [Auctor  Franciscus  Columna],  Italice. 
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$100.00.  Paris:  Kerver,  1546 

Pontalis  (M.  A.)  Life  of  John  De  Witt,  Grand  Pensionary  of  Holland  ;  or.  Twenty 
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Pottery.  Ceramic  Art  in  Remote  Ages,  with  Essays  on  the  Symbols  of  the  Circle, 
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Worship,  by  J.  B.  Waring.  With  55  large  plates  comprising  several  hundred 
examples  of  the  Pottery  of  Primitive  Ages.     Folio,  cloth.    $11.00.      London,  1875 

Pottery.  Jacquemart's  History  of  the  Ceramic  Art.  ii  full-page  etchings,  200 
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Same.     Original  French  Edition.    Same  illustrations.    Royal  8vo,  half  crimson 

morocco,  gilt  top.     $15.00.  Paris,  1873 

31 


Pottery,  La  Ceramique  Chinoise.  Numerous  beautiful  full-page  plates  repro- 
ducing specimens  of  Chinese  Pottery  from  the  collection  of  the  author  (now  in 
the  Louvre).     4to,  half  morocco,  gilt  top.     $15.00.  Paris,  1894 

Pottery.  Prime's  Pottery  and  Porcelain  of  all  Times  and  Nations.  Profusely 
illustrated  with  engravings  on  wood  and  a  large  number  of  marks  and  mono- 
grams.    Thick  square  8vo,  cloth.     §20.00.  New  York,  1S7S 

Pottery.  Chaffers's  Marks  and  Monograms  on  European  and  Oriental  Pot- 
tery and  Porcelain,  with  Historical  Notices  of  each  Manufactory.  With  3,000 
Potters'  marks  and  illustrations.  Seventh  Edition.  Thick  royal  8vo,  new  cloth. 
§10.00.  London,  1S91 

Another  Copy.     Third  Edition.     Royal  8vo,  cloth.     $6.00.  London,  1870 

Pottery.  Chaffers's  Collector's  Handbook  of  Marks  and  Monograms.  Post 
8vo,  new  cloth.     $2.25.  London,  1893 

Pottery.  The  Ceramic  Art  of  Gre.\t  Britain,  by  L.  Jewitt.  With  about  2,000 
engravings.     Royal  8vo,  cloth.     $7.50.  London,  1883 

Pottery.  Collections  Towards  a  History  of  Pottery  and  Porcelain,  in  the 
15th,  i6th,  17th  and  i8th  centuries,  by  Joseph  Marryat.  Numerous  full-page 
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Pottery.  The  Soft  Porcelain  of  Sevres,  with  an  Historical  Introduction  by 
Edouard  Garnier.  50  plates  representing  250  water-color  subjects  after  the 
originals.     Royal  folio,  half  polished  morocco,  gilt  top.     $50.00. 

Paris  and  London,  1889-90 

Prescott's  Complete  Historical  Works.  Best  English  Edition.  Portraits,  etc. 
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Philadelphia,  n.  d. 

Punch.  A  Complete  Set  of  this  Famous  Comic  Journal,  from  its  commencement 
in  1841,  to  December,  1896,  containing  several  thousand  humorous  engravings 
after  Leech,  Doyle,  Tenniel,  Du  Maurier,  etc.  iii  vols,  bound  in  58,  new  half 
red  morocco  extra.     $200.00.  London,  1841-96 

Palais  Royal,  Galerie  du,  dite  d'Orl£ans,  gravee  d'aprcs  les  tableaux  des  dififerentes 
ecoles  qui  la  composent,  par  Couch6,  avec  un  Abrege  de  la  Vie  des  Peintres  et 
une  Description  Historique  de  chaque  tableau.  354  fine  plates,  beautifully  en- 
graved on  copper,  illustrating  the  masterpieces  of  this  celebrated  gallery.  3  vols, 
folio,  half  morocco.     $175.00.  Paris,  1786-1808 

Palustre  (Leon).  La  Renaissance  en  France.  More  than  200  magnificent  etchings 
executed  under  the  direction  of  Eug£:ne  Sadoux.  Handsomely  printed  on  fine 
paper.     2  vols,  folio,  cloth.     $60.00.  Paris,  1886 

Piranesi.  Antiquit.\tes  Roman.-e.  A  Splendid  Set  of  these  Grand  Architect- 
ural Works,  comprising  mostly  Original  Lmpressions  of  about  1,000  Masterly 
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Roma,  1761-7S,  e.  s.  1.  ed  a. 

Pucelle  (La)  of  Voltaire.  Now  for  the  first  time  completely  translated  into  English 
Verse  by  Ernest  Dowson.  Privately  Printed  for  Subscribers  only.  2  vols, 
crown  4to.     Beautifully  printed.     (Nearly  ready.)     $25.00.  London,  1897 

32 


i|ueensl)erry.  "Old  Q":  A  Memoir  of  William  Douglas,  Fourth  Duke  of 
QUEENSBERRY,  One  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Turf,  with  a  full  Account  of  his  celebrated 
Matches  and  Wagers,  by  J.  R.  Robinson.  Colored  portraits  and  plates.  Large 
Paper  Copy.  (125  copies  printed.)  Royal  8vo,  half  vellum,  uncut.  (Pub.  $8.40.) 
$5.00.  London,  1895 

Rabelais'  Works,  translated  by  Urquhart  and  Motteux,  with  Notes  by  Le  Duchat, 
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gilt.     $17.50.  London,  1807 

Another  Edition.     Translated  by  Urquhart  and  Motteux,  with  Introduction 

by  Montaiglon.  Beautifully  Printed  on  Japanese  Paper  and  illustrated  with 
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Rabelais,  (Euvres  de.  Edition  conforme  aux  derniers  Textes  revus  par  I'auteur. 
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Robida.     2  vols.  4to,  half  morocco.     $10.00.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Rabelais,  Le  Nu  de.  32  plates,  by  the  phototype  process,  reproducing  the  most 
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Paintings  illustrating  Rabelais.     Svo,  paper.     $1.25.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Race  Horses.  Pedigree,  Description,  History  ;  also.  History  of  Celebrated  English 
and  French  Thoroughbred  Stallions  and  French  Mares,  1764  to  1887,  by  S.  F. 
Touchstone,  with  Preface  by  the  Duke  of  Beaufort.  60  colored  plates  and 
134  vignettes  by  Crafty,  Le  Nail,  etc.  Oblong  folio,  half  bound.  (Pub.  $40.00.) 
$20.00.  London,  1S89 

Racinet.  L'Ornement  Polychrome.  Recueil  Historique  et  Pratique,  avec  des 
Notices  explicatives  et  une  Introduction  generale.  Both  Series.  220  superb 
plates  of  the  ornament  of  the  different  countries,  comprising  about  4,000  examples 
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First  Series.     100  colored  plates.     Folio,  half  red  polished  morocco,  gilt  top. 

$37.50.  Paris,  1888 

Racing  Calendar,  comprising  An  Account  of  all  Horse  Races,  etc.,  in  all  parts  of 
Great  Britain,  from  1773  to  1895.     123  vols,  old  calf.     Rare.     $225.00. 

London,  1773-1895 

Rag'uenet  (A.)  Mat^riaux  et  Documents  d'Architecture  et  de  Sculpture.  A 
series  of  about  2,000  plates  comprising  nearly  5,000  motifs  in  all  branches  of 
Decorative  Art.     The  19  years  in  two  4to  cloth  portfolios.     $60.00.     Paris,  1872-go 

Edwards  (Edward).  The  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Ralegh,  together  with  his  Letters. 
Engraved  portrait,  folding  genealogical  plates.  2  thick  vols.  8vo,  beautifully 
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Another  Copy.     2  vols.  8vo,  new  half  crimson  calf  gilt,  gilt  tops.     $10.00. 

Rawlinson's  (George)  Works,  comprising  The  Five  Great  Monarchies  of  the 
Eastern  World,  3  vols.;  The  Sixth  Great  Oriental  Monarchy,  i  vol.;  The 
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London,  1873,  etc. 
33 


REDGRAVE  ( R.  and  S.  )  A  CENTURY  OF  PAINTERS  OF  THE 
ENGLISH  SCHOOL,  with  Critical  Notices  of  their  Works,  and  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Progress  of  Art  in  England.  2  vols.  8vo,  inlaid  in  folio  paper,  and 
extended  into  lo  volumes,  with  specially  printed  titles  (dated  1S71),  by  the  addition 
of  more  than  1,200  Portraits  of  Painters  and  Engravers,  with  Examples  of 
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majority  of  considerable  rarity  and  beauty  of  impression.  Red  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops. 
$750.00.  London,  1866 

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Rembrandt,  Tableaux  et  Dessins  de.  Catalogue  Historique  et  Descriptif,  par 
Eugene  Dutuit,  description  de  tous  les  Tableaux  connus  et  des  Dessins  du 
Maitre  existant  dans  les  Galeries  Publiques  et  Privees.  Illustrated  with  25 
beautiful  etchings  and  heliogravures  engraved  by  Flameng,  Waltner,  Lalauze, 
etc.  4to,  beautifully  printed  on  Holland  paper,  $12.50;  or  in  half  morocco  extra, 
gilt  top,  $17.50.  Paris,  1885 

Renton's  History  and  Science  of  Heraldry,  concisely  explained,  together  with  a 
Glossary  of  Terms,  the  whole  illustrated  with  numerous  examples.  Small  4to, 
handsomely  printed  on  Dutch  paper,  and  tastefully  bound  in  cloth  extra.      §1.25. 

London, 1889 

Restif  de  la  Bretoune.  Monsieur  Nicolas,  ou  le  Cceur  Humain  Devoile.  14  vols. 
8vo,  half  morocco,  gilt  tops.     $25.00.  Paris,  1882 

Another  Corv.     14  vols,  paper  covers.     $9.00. 

Richard  de  Bury.  The  PHiLomBLON  ok  Richard  de  Bury,  Bishop  of  Durham  and 
Chancellor  of  Edward  III.,  edited  and  translated  by  Ernest  C.  Thomas.  Crown 
Svo,  printed  on  Hand-made  paper,  cloth,  uncut.     $2.50.         N.  Y.  (London),  1889 

Roberts's  Holy  Land;  Syria,  Idum^a  and  Arahia,  with  Historical  Descriptions  by 
Croly,  3  vols.  125  magnificent  plates  from  drawings  made  on  the  spot  by 
David  Roberts,  1S42;  Egypt  and  Nubia,  with  Historical  Descriptions  by 
Brockedon,  complete,  3  vols.  123  most  beautiful  plates,  1846-49.  Together, 
6  vols,  in  4,  atlas  folio,  half  morocco  gilt,  gilt  edges.     Sioo.oo.     London,  1842-49 

Robida.  La  Vieille  France.  Nokmandie.  With  245  handsome  illustrations,  full- 
page  and  vignette.     Colombier  Svo,  cloth  extra.     $7.50.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Robida.     Bretagne.     Uniform  with  preceding  lot.     $7.50. 

Robida.     Touraine.     $7.50. 

Robida.     Provence.     $7. 50. 

Robiou  and  Lenorniant.  Chefs-d'oeuvre  de  l'Art  Antique,  Architecture, 
Peinture,  Statues,  Bas-Relieks,  Bronzes,  Mosaiques,  Vases,  Meubles,  etc.,  tires 
principalement  du  Musee  Royal  de  Naples.  Premiere  Serie,  with  263  finely 
engraved  plates,  3  vols.;  Deuxieme  Serie,  Monuments  de  la  Peinture  et  de  la 
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Together,  7  vols.  4to,  morocco  backs,  cloth  sides.     §75.00.  Paris,  1867 

Rogers  (Samuel).  Italy  and  Poems.  The  beautiful  illustrated  editions.  Printed  on 
Thick  Paper,  with  128  exquisite  engravings  on  steel  by  Finden,  after  pictures  by 
Turner  and  Stothard.  2  vols,  crown  Svo,  green  levant  extra,  gilt  edges,  with 
the  Transposed  Vignettes.     Very  rare.     $75.00.  London,  1830-34 

Another  Copy,  same  plates,  1S30-34.     2  vols,  morocco,  gilt.     $37.50. 

Ross  (Frederick).  The  Ruined  Abbeys  of  Great  Britain.  Illustrated  with  12 
beautifully  colored  plates  of  the  most  celebrated  abbeys,  and  numerous  fine  wood 
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34 


Rowlandson  the  Caricaturist.  A  Selection  from  his  Works,  with  Anecdotal  De- 
scriptions of  his  famous  Caricatures,  and  a  Sketch  of  his  Life,  Times  and  Contem- 
poraries, by  Joseph  Grego.  With  nearly  400  most  clever  and  humorous  illustra- 
tions, mostly  in  fac-simile  of  the  originals.  2  large  vols.  4to,  full  polished  calf, 
gilt.     (Pub.  $35.00.)     $20.00,  N.  Y.  (London),  1880 

Rowlandson.  The  Three  Tours  of  Dr.  Syntax.  With  81  humorous  colored  plates 
by  Rowlandson.     3  vols,  royal  8vo,  old  calf,  gilt.     Very  scarce.     $75.00. 

London,  1815-20-21 

Roivlandson.  The  English  Dance  of  Death,  from  the  designs  of  Rowlandson, 
2  vols.,  1S15-16,  73  plates;  and  Dance  of  Life,  i  vol.,  1S17,  28  plates  by  the 
author  of  Doctor  Syntax  [George  Combe].  With  bright  impressions  of  the 
inimitable  plates  in  colors  by  Rowlandson.  3  vols,  royal  8vo,  half  morocco 
gilt,  gilt  tops.     Tall  copies.     Scarce.     $75.00.  London,  1815-16 

Raskin's  (John)  Art  Works,  comprising  Modern  Painters,  with  84  steel  engravings 
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Venice,  with  53  steel  plates  and  numerous  wood  engravings,  3  vols.;  Seven 
Lamps  of  Architecture,  with  14  etchings  by  the  author.  Superb  Set  of  the 
Best  Editions.  Together,  9  vols,  imperial  8vo,  sumptuously  bound  in 
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$300.00.  London,  1857,  etc. 

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Salon  Catalogue  of  1897.     Illustrated  with  about  400  cuts.     8vo,  paper.     90  cents. 

Paris,  1897 

Salon  de  Paris  de  1897.  100  beautiful  photogravures  of  the  Masterpieces  of  the 
Salon.  Large  8vo,  red  cloth  extra,  §12.00;  or,  Holland  Paper,  limited  edition, 
$15.00.  Paris,  1897 

Sang'er's  (Wm.  W.,  M.D.)  History  of  Prostitution:  Its  Extent,  Causes,  and 
Effects  throughout  the  World.  8vo,  cloth.  A  standard  work.  (Reduced  from 
§5.00.)     §2.50.  New  York,  1895 

Scliwenke.  Designs  for  Decorative  Furniture.  72  elaborate  plates.  Folio,  half 
morocco.     $17.50.  London,  1882 

Scott's  Waverley  Novels.  The  Splendid  Abbotsford  Edition.  Illustrated  with 
120  full-page  engravings  on  steel  and  2,000  woodcuts.  12  vols,  royal  8vo,  hand- 
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gilt  tops.     $175.00.  Edinburgh,  1847 

Another  Edition.     Handy-Volume  Edition.      Illustrated  with  numerous  fine 

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35 


Scott's  Warerley  Novels.  The  Dryeurgh  Edition.  With  numerous  fine  full-page 
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calf,  gilt.     Very  scarce.     $75-00-  Edinburgh,  1814-32 

Seymour's  Sketches.  A  collection  of  humorous  plates  etched  by  Henry  Wallis  from 
drawings  by  Seymour.  Square  8vo,  new  half  morocco,  uncut,  original  cover 
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Shakespeare's  Dramatic  Works.  Alderman  Boydell's  Sumptuously  Printed 
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Reynolds,  Westall,  and  other  artists.  Printed  in  exceedingly  large  and  beau- 
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N.  Y.  (London),  1866 

Shelley's  Complete  Works,  edited  by  Buxton  Forman.  Portraits,  plates,  etc. 
Best  Library  Edition.     8  vols.  Svo,  polished  calf  extra.     $65.00.      London,  1880 

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Sheridan's  (Richard  Brinsley)  Dramatic  Works.  With  an  Introduction  by  Richard 
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New  York,  1S83 

Sinnett's  Incidents  in  the  Life  of  Mme.  Blayatsky.    Portrait.    Svo,  cloth.    $3.00. 

London,  1886 

36 


Smith  (Horace  and  James).  Rejected  Addresses,  edited  with  an  Introduction  and 
Notes  by  Percy  Fitzgerald,  with  portrait.  The  Aldine  edition.  i6mo,  tastefully 
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Smollett  (Tobias).  Works,  with  Memoir,  edited  by  James  P.  Browne.  Best  Large 
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print  and  very  scarce.     $50.00.  London,  1872 

Society  d'Aquarellistes  Fnanoais.  Illustrated  with  120  beautiful  photogravures 
printed  in  different  tints.  8  parts  folio,  in  pasteboard  portfolios.  (Pub.  $96.00.) 
$25.00.  Paris,  1883 

Solomon's  Jesus  of  History  and  the  Jesus  of  Tradition  Identified.  8vo,  cloth. 
$2.00.  N.  Y.  (Edinburgh),  1880 

Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  edited  by  Tiios.  J.  Wise.  Beautifully  printed  on  Hand- 
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London,  1895-97 

Spitzer.  La  Collection  Spitzer.  6  vols,  royal  folio,  with  338  superb  reproductions, 
chiefly  in  colors,  of  the  immense  number  of  Objets  d'Art  forming  this  unique  col- 
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folios.    (Pub.  1,200  fcs.)     $200.00.  Paris,  1890-92 

Spooner's  Biog'raphical  History  of  Painters,  Engravers,  Sculptors  and  Arch- 
itects. 2  vols.  4to.  Extended  to  6  Vols,  by  the  insertion  of  about  800  portraits, 
landscapes,  etc.  Handsomely  bound  in  half  polished  levant  super  extra. 
$450.00.  New  York,  1865 

Sport.  Apperley  (C.  J.)  The  Chace,  Turf  and  Road.  Illustrated  by  Henry 
Alken,  portrait  by  Maclise.  First  edition,  1837.  Conditions  of  Hunters,  etc., 
with  a  series  of  plates  by  Turner  inserted.  First  edition,  1831.  Nimrod's 
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Sport.  Badminton  Library  of  Sports  and  Pastimes,  edited  by  the  Duke  of 
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Sport.  Cumming's  Wild  Men  and  Wild  Beasts.  Plates.  Square  8vo,  half  polished 
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Sport.  Sportsman's  Cabinet;  or,  A  Correct  Delineation  of  the  various  Dogs  used  in 
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Reinagle,  and  numerous  beautiful  vignettes  on  wood.  2  vols.  4to,  half  calf. 
$27.50.  London,  1803 

Sport.  Vyner's  Notitia  Venatica  :  A  Treatise  on  Fox  Hunting.  Revised  by 
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Sporting  Books.  Hunting,  Coaching,  Racing,  Yachting,  Horses,  etc.,  etc.  A 
splendid  assortment  of  books  relating  to. 

37 


Sterne  (L.)  Sentimental  Journey  Through  France  and  Italy.  With  12  full-page 
plates  reproduced  by  the  photogravure  process  of  Goupil  &  Co.,  from  the  original 
sketches  of  Leloir,  and  upwards  of  200  engravings  on  wood.  Edition  de  Luxe, 
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levant  extra,  gilt  edges,  Derome  border,  by  Stikeman.  (Only  100  copies  printed.) 
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Another  Copy.     Ordinary  edition.     12  plates  by  Leloir.     Colombier  8vo,  in 

cloth  portfolio.     (Pub.  $12.50.)     $8.00. 

Original  Edition.     2  vols.  i2mo,  old  calf.     §27.50.  London,  1768 

Another   Edition.      Aldine  edition.     With  plates  by  Stanley  Wood.     i2mo, 

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$20.00. 

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Stevens's  (Alfred).   Lmpressions  on  Painting.    i8mo,  paper.    50  cents.    New  York,  1891 

Stirling-Maxwell  (Sir  Wm.),  Complete  Works  :  Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain, 
with  steel  engravings  and  woodcuts,  4  vols.  The  Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  the  Fifth,  with  eight  mezzotint  engravings,  and  five  illustrations  in 
color.  Miscellaneous  Essays  and  Addresses,  also  Biographical  Notice  and 
Bibliography,  with  six  mezzotint  engravings.  Together,  6  vols,  small  4to,  new 
cloth.     (Pub.  §45.00.)    §30.00.  London,  1890-91 

Streeter's  Great  Diamonds  of  the  World:  Their  History  and  Romance.  8vo, 
cloth.     $1.50.  London,  1882 

Supernatural  Religion.  An  inquiry  into  the  Reality  of  Divine  Revelation.  3  vols, 
large  8vo,  cloth,  uncut.     $9.00.  London,  1875 

Another  Copy.     3  vols,  half  levant,  gilt  tops.     §13.50. 

Taine's  Works,  comprising  History  of  English  Literature,  4  vols.;  Ancient 
Regime,  i  vol.;  French  Revolution,  3  vols.;  Modern  Regime,  2  vols.  Together, 
10  vols.  8vo,  new  half  polished  morocco  extra.     $60.00.  London,  1873-91 

Tapestry.  Les  Tapisseries  de  la  Cath£drale  de  Reims.  Texte  par  Ch.  Loriquet. 
View  of  the  Cathedral  and  17  plates  of  Tapestry  by  the  heliogravure  process. 
Folio,  in  cloth  portfolio.     $25.00.  Paris,  1882 

Taylor's  Eleusinian  and  Bacchic  Mysteries.  85  illustrations.  Royal  8vo,  half 
vellum,  gilt.     $5.00.  New  York,  1891 

Taylor  (Baron).  Voyages  Pittoresques  et  Romantiques  dans  l'Ancienne  France. 
Illustrated  with  several  thousand  beautifully  executed  plates  and  vignettes 
depicting  the  scenery  and  antiquities  of  France,  especially  the  architecture. 
17  vols,  imperial  folio,  new  half  crimson  morocco.     $400.00.  Paris,  1820,  etc. 

Tayloi',  The  Water  Poet,  All  the  Works  of,  being  63  in  number,  collected  into 
I  vol.  by  the  author.     Small  folio,  full  crimson  levant,  by  Bedford.     $75.00. 

London, 1630 

Thackeray's  Works.  The  Handsome  Edition  de  Luxe,  illustrated  with  plates  by 
the  author.  24  vols,  imperial  8vo,  superbly  bound  in  full  crimson  levant  super 
extra.     (Cost  former  owner  $750.00.)     §450.00.  London,  1878-79 

Same.     Library  Edition.     Numerous  plates  by  the  author.     24  vols.  8vo,  new 

half  calf  extra,  gilt  tops.     $100.00.  London,  1869 

Thoiuan.  Les  Relieurs  Francjais  (1560-1800).  Numerous  illustrations.  Large 
8vo,  paper,  $10.00;  or,  Large  Paper,  imperial  8vo,  paper,  $25.00.  Paris,  1893 

38 


Ticknor  (George).  History  of  Spanish  Literature.  3  vols.  8vo,  half  levant  ex- 
tra, gilt  tops.     Large  Paper.     $17.50.  Boston,  1866 

Turner  Gallery.  A  series  of  60  engravings  on  steel  from  the  principal  Works  of 
Turner,  with  a  Memoir  and  illustrative  text  by  R.  N.  Wornum.  Printed  on 
India  paper.    Folio,  half  morocco  extra,  gilt  top.    (Reduced  from  §50.00.)    $25.00. 

London, 1S75 

Same.    Large  Paper,  with  Proofs  of  the  Plates.     Atlas  folio,  morocco  extra. 

(Pub.  $150.00.)     $100.00. 

Turner  (J.  M.  W.,  R.A.)  Liber  Studiorum.  An  unusually  fine  copy  of  this  very 
rare  Book  of  Landscapes,  Rural  and  Mountain  Scenery,  Marine  Views,  etc. — in 
all  70  admirable  plates  by  this  celebrated  artist.  Oblong  folio,  old  morocco. 
$2,500.00.  London,  1812 

Vacher's  Italian  Ornament  of  the  loth  Century.  30  colored  plates.  Folio,  vellum. 
$11.50.  London,  1886 

Vanity  Fair:  A  Weekly  Show  of  Political,  Social  and  Literary  Wares.  A 
complete  series  of  this  famous  Comic  Journal  from  its  commencement  in  Novem- 
ber, 186S,  to  the  end  of  December,  1S93,  with  all  the  remarkable  full-page  colored 
cartoons  and  caricatures  of  celebrated  personages  in  Political,  Social  and  Literary 
Life,  by  Pelegrini  and  others.  50  vols,  small  folio,  full  bound  in  polished  calf 
extra,  gilt  edges,  in  different  colors.     $600.00.  London,  1868-93 

Velasquez  and  Murillo.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  their  Works  by  Charles 
B.  Curtis,  with  a  Description  of  each  picture,  its  History  from  the  earliest  known 
date,  and  a  complete  Index.  Handsomely  printed  on  thick  paper  and  illustrated 
with  4  fine  etchings.  Folio,  new  cloth,  uncut.  Large  Paper,  with  the  plates  in 
three  states.     (Only  100  copies  printed.)     $20.00.  New  York,  1883 

VioUet-Le-Duc.  Dictionnaire  Raisonne  de  L' Architecture  Francaise  du  Xle 
au  XVJe  siecle.  Illustrated  with  3,745  wood  engravings.  10  vols.  8vo,  including 
Index,  new  half  morocco.     §75.00.  Paris,  1870 

Viollet-Le-Duc.  Dictionnaire  Raisonne  du  Mobilier  Fran^ais  de  Tepoque  Car- 
lovingienne  a  la  Renaissance.  With  78  steel  engravings,  43  chromo-lithographs 
and  2,024  wood  engravings.     6  vols.  8vo,  new  half  morocco,  gilt  top.     $75.00. 

Paris,  1S70 

Viollet-Le-Duc.  Compositions  et  Dessins,  publics  sons  le  patronage  du  Comite  de 
Tojuvre  du  Maitre.  Portrait  and  100  plates,  mostly  in  colors.  Folio,  half  green 
morocco  extra.     $37.50.  Paris,  n.  d. 

Voltaire's  Works,  translated  from  the  French,  with  Notes  by  Smollett,  etc.  35  vols. 
iSmo,  calf,  gilt,  yellow  edges.     $85.00.  London,  1776 

Another  Copy.     35  vols.  i8mo,  old  calf.     $40.00.  London,  1776 

TVaite's  Real  History  of  the  Rosicrucians.    Illustrated.    Crown  8vo,  cloth.    $2.50. 

New  York,  1SS8 

Wake  (C.  Stamland).  Serpent  Worship,  and  other  Essays,  with  a  Chapter  on 
Totemism.     Svo,  cloth.     $3.00.  London,  1888 

Walker  on  Beauty.  Illustrated  by  an  Analysis  and  Classification  of  Beauty  in 
Women.  Illustrated  with  22  beautiful  plates  by  Gauci  and  Lane,  after  drawings 
from  life  by  H.  Howard,  on  India  Paper.  Royal  8vo,  light  blue  polished  calf 
extra,  gilt  top,  by  Tout.     $30.00.  London,  1836 

Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting  in  England.  Major's  Be.\utiful  Edition. 
Illustrated  with  150  fine  portraits  by  Worthington,  Finden,  etc.  Artists'  Trial 
Proofs.     5  vols,  royal  8vo,  half  polished  levant,  gilt  tops,  Janseniste.     $150.00. 

London, 1828 

Walpole's  Letters,  edited  by  Peter  Cunningham.  Large  Type  Library  Edition. 
Portrait  and  vignette.  9  vols.  8vo,  half  green  levant,  crushed  and  polished, 
marbled  edges.     $55.00.  London,  1877 

39 


Walton  and  Cotton.  The  Complete  Angler,  edited,  with  original  Memoirs  and 
Notes,  by  Sir  Harris  Nicolas.  Illustrated  with  upwards  of  50  beautiful  engrav- 
ings from  designs  by  Stothard  and  Inskii'P.  Proof  copy,  with  the  plates  and 
vignettes  on  India  paper.  2  vols,  imperial  8vo,  brown  morocco,  gilt  edges. 
$100.00.  London  :  Pickering,  1S36 

Another  Edition,  with  the  Lives.     Numerous  beautiful  engravings  on  copper 

and  wood.     Large  Paper,  with  Proofs  of  the  Plates.     2  vols,  post  8vo,  green 
polished  levant  super  extra.     $75.00.  London  :  John  Major,  1824-25 

Another  Edition,  edited  by  R.  B.  Marston.     With  54  photogravures  and  100 

woodcuts.     2  vols.  4to,  half  morocco  extra,  gilt  tops.     (Pub.  $35.00.)     $17.50. 

London, i883 

Another  Edition,  edited  by  John  Major.     Portrait  and  numerous  cuts.    Crown 

8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top.     $2.00.  London,  1896 

Wheeler's  (J.  Talboys).  History  of  India — Hindu,  Buddhist,  and  Brahmanical. 
Map.     8vo,  cloth.     $5.00.  London,  1874 

History  of  India  under  Mussulman  Rule.    8vo,  cloth.    $3.50.    London,  1886 

Wilkes  (John)  Life   and   Times  of,  by  Percy   Fitzgerald.     Portrait,  etc.     2  vols. 

post  Svo,  cloth.     $3.00.  London,  188S 

White's  Natural  History  and  Antiquities  of  Selborne,  with  Notes  by  Frank 
Buckland,  etc.  Illustrated  with  a  fine  series  of  photographs  and  engravings  on 
wood  by  Delamotte.  Large  Paper  Copy  of  the  Best  Edition.  2  vols.  4to, 
half  morocco  gilt,  gilt  tops.     $27.50.  London,  1876 

Wilde  (Oscar).  Oscariana:  Epigrams.  A  Selection  of  Epigrammatic  Sayings  from 
the  Writings  of  Oscar  Wilde — The  Credo  ;  Picture  of  Dorian  Gray  ;  Decay 
OF  Lying  ;  The  Critic  as  Artist  ;  The  Soul  of  Man  under  Socialism  ;  Lady 
Windermere's  Fan  ;  and  A  Woman  of  No  Lmportance.  Square  i8mo,  paper 
(88  pages).  But  a  few  copies  of  this  collection  of  the  bright  and  witty  sayings  of 
this  ill-starred  but  brilliant  writer  were  issued  in  1895,  but  were  rigidly  suppressed 
on  account  of  the  scandal.  The  book  is  handsomely  printed  on  Hand-made 
paper.     $5.00.  London,  1895 

Winckelmann  (John).  History  of  Ancient  Art,  translated  from  the  German  by 
G.  H.  Lodge,  with  Life  of  the  Author.  Handsomely  printed  on  heavy  calendered 
paper,  and  illustrated  with  portrait  and  75  outline  engravings  reproducing  the 
most  remarkable  examples  of  ancient  art.  4  vols.  4to,  in  pasteboard  portfolios. 
Large  Paper.     (100  copies.)     (Pub.  $40.00.)     $15.00. 

Same.     E.xtra-illustrated  with  about  400  engravings.     4  vols.  4to,  half  olive 

polished  levant  extra,  gilt  tops.     $225.00. 

Wordsworth's  Poetical  Works  and  Life,  by  William  Knight,  LL.D.,  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  at  St.  Andrews.  Large  Paper  Edition.  With  double  set  of 
the  beautiful  portrait  and  etchings,  brilliant  proof  impressions,  printed  on  China 
and  Holland  papers.      11  vols,  imperial  Svo,  new  polished  calf  extra.     $67.50. 

Edinburgh,  1884-go 

Wyatt'S  (Digby)  Industrial  Arts  of  the  XIXth  Century.  Illustrations  of  the 
choicest  specimens  of  every  kind  of  workmanship  exhibited  at  the  great  Exhibi- 
tion of  1851,  with  critical  and  explanatory  Notes.  158  large  plates  elaborately 
printed  in  colors.     3  large  vols,  folio,  morocco.     $47.50.  London,  1851-53 

Zola's  Novels.  L'Assomoir  ;  Nana  ;  La  Terre  ;  Germinal  ;  La  Curee,  and  Pot 
BouiLLE.  Lutetian  Society's  new  unexpurgated  English  translation  beautifully 
printed.     12  vols.  Svo,  cloth,  uncut.     $100.00.  London,  1894-95 

Zola's  NoTels.  Vizetelli's  Famous  Literal  Translations.  Illustrated.  10  vols. 
Svo,  half  dark  blue  morocco  extra.     $45.00.  London,  1886,  etc. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE.— As  many  of  the  books  in  the  foregoing  list  are  very 
briefly  described,  full  and  complete  catalogues  will  be  sent  to  any  address 
on   application. 


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